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Updated September 24, 2024 Introduction Origins and Evolution of the FHLB System The Savings and Loan Crisis Instability in the Commercial Banking Sector The 2007-2009 Financial Crisis Current Financial Structure [...]

September 12, 2024 A number of federal lawsuits have alleged that certain race- or sex-conscious federal programs are unconstitutional on equal protection grounds. Challenged programs include COVID-19 relief programs, admissions [...]

Contents Introduction Context and Background Brief Legislative History Brief Overview of the Adult Activities Funding Formula Formula Factors and Calculation of Initial Grants Adjustment Provisions Overview of Analysis, Recurring Themes, [...]

Updated April 29, 2024 Introduction Extreme Heat: Snapshot of Health Effects on Humans Managing Extreme Heat: Nonfederal Authorities and Efforts Gaps in Nonfederal Authorities and Resources for Extreme Heat Response [...]

Updated April 18, 2024 Introduction Section 1113 of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. [section]1313) permanently authorizes the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) to provide temporary aid [...]

Updated March 1, 2023 The U.S. Small Business Administration (SBA) administers several types of programs to support small businesses, including direct disaster loan programs for businesses, homeowners, and renters; loan [...]

February 18, 2022 Introduction The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is in its third year. The number of new cases from the Omicron variant appears to be ebbing, but the [...]

February 18, 2022 In January 2022, the White House launched several actions to boost the availability of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) tests to the general public, including the distribution of [...]

Updated January 23, 2023 Contents Introduction Housing Programs Noncitizens and Immigration Categories Laws Governing Noncitizen Eligibility Section 214 Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996 (PRWORA; PL. 104-193) [...]

Updated June 17, 2022 Contents Introduction Extreme Heat: Brief Overview of Impacts on Humans Federal Financial Assistance by Agency. Department of Homeland Security--FEMA Department of Health and Human Services Centers [...]

Updated May 31, 2022 Introduction Legislative and Administrative Efforts to Assist Small Businesses During the 116th Congress Legislative and Administrative Efforts to Assist Small Businesses During the 117th Congress Disaster [...]

March 24, 2022 On March 15, 2022, the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2022 (H.R. 2471, also called the 'FY2022 omnibus'), was signed into law as P.L. 117-103. The act includes a [...]

Updated November 12, 2021 Contents Introduction to the Weatherization Assistance Program Statutory Authority for Allocation WAP's Program Allocation Development of the Program Allocation Procedures 1984 Formula Allocation 1995 Formula Allocation [...]

November 9, 2021 The U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) administers several GI Bills that provide grant aid to eligible veterans and servicemembers and their dependents who are enrolled in [...]

The Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (CARES Act; P.L. 116-136) created the Small Business Administration's (SBA's) Paycheck Protection Program (PPP), expanded eligibility for Emergency Economic Injury Disaster Loans [...]

Introduction As SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, has spread widely over time, a number of new variants have been identified globally. According to the Centers for Disease Control and [...]

Contents Introduction Overview of SSI Noncitizens and Immigration Categories Laws Governing Noncitizen Eligibility Title XVI of the Social Security Act Title IV of the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation [...]

Contents Fund Overview Questions What Is the Provider Relief Fund? Do Providers Have to Repay Their PRF Funds? What Type of Health Providers Are Eligible for the Fund? How Much [...]

August 2, 2021 Introduction This Insight provides a brief overview of Fire Management Assistance Grant (FMAG) declarations and federal assistance programs that may be available for wildfires on nonfederal lands. [...]

Updated August 26, 2021 Under the Biden Administration, financial regulators have announced a range of new measures to address financial risks associated with climate change. The Department of the Treasury, [...]

Updated August 9, 2021 Contents Introduction Disaster Loans Overview Types Disaster Loans Disaster Loans to Homeowners, Renters, and Personal Property Owners Personal Property Loans Real Property Loans Disaster Loans to [...]

Before Committee on Financial Services Subcommittee on Housing, Community Development, and Insurance U.S. House of Representatives Hearing on June 16, 2021 Chair Cleaver, Ranking Member Hill, and Members of the [...]

Updated June 17, 2021 The Small Business Administration (SBA) administers several types of programs to support small businesses, including direct disaster loan programs to assist their recovery from natural disasters; [...]

Updated May 17, 2021 Efforts to deploy voice telephone service throughout the United States began almost 100 years ago. Starting in the 1990s, these efforts shifted toward the deployment of [...]

May 11, 2021 On June 8, 2020, the National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) announced that the United States entered into a recession in March 2020, a result of the [...]

Updated May 6, 2021 The COVID-19 pandemic has had a large and persistent economic impact across the United States. Fear of infection, social distancing, and stay-at-home orders prompted business closures [...]

Updated May 4, 2021 The Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (CARES Act; P.L. 116-136) created the Small Business Administration's (SBA's) Paycheck Protection Program (PPP), expanded eligibility for Emergency [...]

Updated May 20, 2021 The Small Business Administration's (SBA's) $28.6 billion Restaurant Revitalization Fund Program (RRF) was authorized by P.L. 117-2, the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021. The RRF [...]

April 2, 2021 The American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 (ARPA) tasks the Department of the Treasury (Treasury) with disbursing to states more than $190 billion appropriated for the Coronavirus [...]

Updated April 5, 2021 This CRS Insight presents selected websites and CRS products potentially relevant to small businesses that are directly affected by the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and [...]

March 23, 2021 Contents Introduction Recent Trends Fiscal Policy and Conventional Economic Theory Benefits of Expansionary Fiscal Policy Short-Term Risks of Expansionary Fiscal Policy Rising Interest Rate Risk Rising Inflation [...]

Contents Tables Table 1. American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 (ARPA; P.L. 117-2): Title IX, Subtitle G--Tax Provisions Related to 'Promoting Economic Security' Table 2. American Rescue Plan Act of [...]

Contents Introduction Expiring Pandemic-Related Provisions Tables Table 1. Health Care Provisions Set to Expire in the 117th Congress Table 2. Unemployment Insurance Provisions Set to Expire in the 117th Congress [...]

Updated January 22, 2021 In response to the continued economic weakness from the COVID-19 pandemic, Congress passed a second round of direct payments as part of the Consolidated Appropriations Act, [...]

January 8, 2021 Under Title IV of the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (CARES Act, PL. 116-136), the U. S. Department of the Treasury made loans to specified [...]

January 28, 2021 Introduction Efforts to deploy voice telephone service throughout the United States began almost 100 years ago. Starting in the 1990s, these efforts shifted toward the deployment of [...]

November 24, 2020 Americans aged 55 and older account for approximately 30% of the overall population in 2020, representing older workers approaching retirement and current retirees and totaling about 100 [...]

November 16, 2020 On June 8, 2020, the National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) announced that the United States entered into a recession in March 2020, a result of the [...]

Updated November 2, 2020 In response to the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, some health care providers limited in-person visits and cancelled elective procedures to reduce the spread of COVID-19, [...]

Updated November 3, 2020 Congress enacted provisions to increase access to Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) testing and treatment (including, for some programs, an eventual vaccine) under the Families First Coronavirus [...]

Updated November 4, 2020 In response to Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), the Federal Reserve (Fed) created a series of emergency lending programs, including the Main Street Lending Program (MSLP). The [...]

Updated October 22, 2020 The Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (CARES Act; PL. 116-136), signed into law on March 27, 2020, provided assistance to consumers and businesses, including [...]

Updated October 23, 2020 Contents Overview of Loan Forbearance and Other Relief Options for Consumers Loan Forbearance Other Relief Options Available to Consumers Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act [...]

October 16, 2020 The Community Development Block Grant (CDBG) program is a primary source of flexible federal funding for state and local governments to use for economic and community development. [...]

Updated October 5, 2020 This CRS Insight presents selected websites and CRS products potentially relevant to small businesses that are directly affected by the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and [...]

Updated October 15, 2020 The economic impact of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has been largely due to illnesses, quarantines, social distancing, local stay-at-home orders, and other business disruptions. [...]

September 30, 2020 Title IV of the CARES Act (P.L. 116-136, Division A) appropriates $500 billion to the Treasury through the Exchange Stabilization Fund (ESF): up to $46 billion to [...]

Updated September 28, 2020 The U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development's (HUD's) Community Development Block Grant program (CDBG) can be employed by states and local units of government to [...]

Contents Introduction Reservations of Funds (Section 18001) Reservation for the Outlying Areas Reservation for the Bureau of Indian Education Competitive Grants ESF-REM Grants ESF-RWP Grants Governor's Emergency Education Relief Fund [...]

Contents Introduction Background on Private Health Insurance FAQ: COVID-19 Covered Benefits and Cost Sharing Are Plans Required to Cover COVID-19 Testing? FFCRA and CARES Act State and Private-Sector Actions Are [...]