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An abbreviated history of genetic evaluation in Merinos demonstrates the remarkable changes that have occurred over the past 50 years. The amount of information available from an increasing number of studs adopting detailed measurement and recording is enormous and much effort has been directed at encouraging selection practices in studs on the basis of this information. In the past we have relied on genetic gains made in the ram breeding sector to be transferred on average to ram buyers, after a lag, for the benefit of the industry. But ram buyers can markedly influence their productivity by being active participants in genetic evaluation rather than relying on gains trickling down on average from ram breeders. Strategies for commercial producers involving choice of ram breeder(s), effective use of breeding values for ram purchases, and on-farm selection and management in the commercial flock are canvassed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]