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A hypertensive crisis is defined as a sudden and significant rise in blood pressure. The blood pressure reading is 180/120 mmHg or higher. A hypertensive crisis is a medical emergency. It can lead to a heart attack, stroke, or other life-threatening medical problems. Investigating the management of the hypertensive crisis was the goal of this study. English-language articles were collected from 2010 to 2024 demonstrating the management of the hypertensive crisis. Overall, there were 15 articles. Surveys and analyses of national databases were the most widely used methods (n=15). The scientific studies documented (1) all investigative studies or reports that included a hypertensive crisis diagnosis, (2) data integrity and reproducibility, and (3) management studies. Other studies show that acute severe hypertension in the hospital is associated with high rates of mortality and morbidity, particularly with new or worsening end-organ damage. The problem is linked to poor medical adherence, but alarmingly low follow-up rates are likely to contribute to a high recurrence rate. The treatment of acute severe hypertension varies according to the hospital unit (medical ward or intensive care unit), medication, and blood pressure targets or thresholds. Because of a lack of evidence-based guidance, arbitrary blood pressure control targets are used, or blood pressure targets are crudely extrapolated from guidelines intended primarily for outpatient management. Patients with acute aortic dissection need to be administered intravenous esmolol within 5 to 10 minutes in order to lower their blood pressure right away. The goal is to maintain a systolic reading of less than 120 mm Hg. Vasodilators such as nitroglycerin or nitroprusside may be administered if the blood pressure persists following beta blocking. Intravenous administration of clevidipine, nicardipine, or phentolamine is required; the initial dose is 5 mg, with subsequent doses given every 10 minutes as necessary to achieve the desired reduction in blood pressure., Competing Interests: Conflicts of interest: In compliance with the ICMJE uniform disclosure form, all authors declare the following: Payment/services info: All authors have declared that no financial support was received from any organization for the submitted work. Financial relationships: All authors have declared that they have no financial relationships at present or within the previous three years with any organizations that might have an interest in the submitted work. Other relationships: All authors have declared that there are no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work., (Copyright © 2024, Khan et al.)

Esophageal perforation, a rare and serious condition, has seen a reduction in mortality from 30% to 15% over the last three decades due to advancements such as gastrointestinal stents, minimally invasive surgeries, and improved interventional radiology techniques. This review analyzes management strategies for esophageal perforation based on 14 English-language articles published from 2009 to 2024, primarily utilizing surveys and national database analyses. The management of esophageal perforation is complex, with challenges in diagnosis and treatment strategy. Despite surgery being the traditional treatment, the role of less invasive methods is growing. Effective management of esophageal perforation involves advanced imaging for diagnosis, hemodynamic stabilization, and a multidisciplinary approach to treatment, including surgical and non-surgical interventions. The evidence for different treatment outcomes remains limited, highlighting the need for comprehensive care involving thoracic surgery, interventional radiology, gastroenterology, and critical care in an intensive care unit setting., Competing Interests: Conflicts of interest: In compliance with the ICMJE uniform disclosure form, all authors declare the following: Payment/services info: All authors have declared that no financial support was received from any organization for the submitted work. Financial relationships: All authors have declared that they have no financial relationships at present or within the previous three years with any organizations that might have an interest in the submitted work. Other relationships: All authors have declared that there are no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work., (Copyright © 2024, Shaqran et al.)

Cardiotoxicity is damage to the heart muscle, which affects its function. Chemotherapy is known to cause cardiotoxicity along with many other medications and etiologies. Many chemotherapeutic cocktails are known to be associated with cardiotoxicities, such as taxane and cisplatin. Patients might have arrhythmias, severe bradycardia, cardiomyopathy, and even cardiac arrest, so precautions are taken when such medications are started. This report presents a patient who developed severe symptomatic bradycardia after receiving idarubicin and cytarabine and was managed conservatively, along with a literature review of this entity., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright © 2022, Albsheer et al.)

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has numerous effects on different systemic organs other than the lungs. In this case report, we look at the presentation of a young female who was diagnosed with autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA), kidney injury and thrombocytopenia during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection. She recovered well without the need for steroids. As demonstrated by this case, COVID-19 infection can be associated with the development of AIHA. The purpose of this report is to indicate that COVID-19 can present unusually with different clinical manifestations enough to require hospitalization., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright © 2022, Musa et al.)