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Radicular cysts are among the most common odontogenic cystic lesions in the maxillofacial region. This case report details the management of a large radicular cyst in the anterior maxillary region of a 32-year-old female patient and includes a literature review on such cysts. The patient underwent cyst decompression, surgical enucleation, tooth extractions, root canal treatments, periapical curettage, and prosthetic rehabilitation. This study underscores the effectiveness of conservative approaches, such as decompression, in reducing cyst size and highlights the importance of individualized treatment plans for achieving optimal outcomes and preventing recurrence. Collaborative efforts between clinicians and multidisciplinary teams are crucial for managing radicular cysts and ensuring long-term oral health for patients., Competing Interests: Human subjects: Consent was obtained or waived by all participants in this study. Conflicts of interest: In compliance with the ICMJE uniform disclosure form, all authors declare the following: Payment/services info: All authors have declared that no financial support was received from any organization for the submitted work. Financial relationships: All authors have declared that they have no financial relationships at present or within the previous three years with any organizations that might have an interest in the submitted work. Other relationships: All authors have declared that there are no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work., (Copyright © 2024, Vijayashree et al.)

Acromion fractures, particularly isolated cases, are uncommon but significant in shoulder injuries. There is no universally accepted treatment protocol, but the classification of the fracture helps to guide clinical decisions. We present a case report aiming to contribute to the understanding of treatment options for acromion fractures. A 22-year-old male sustained a left shoulder injury during a wrestling match, resulting in a type 2 acromion fracture. Conservative treatment was initiated with regular follow-ups. Serial imaging showed no further displacement. Gradual rehabilitation exercises were introduced based on healing progress. The rarity of isolated acromion fractures complicates their management. Conservative management, coupled with rehabilitation exercises, yielded positive outcomes in our case, suggesting its efficacy as a primary treatment option for isolated displaced acromion fractures. Further research is needed to establish standardized protocols for managing such fractures, but until then, conservative care remains a viable approach, potentially preferred over surgical intervention., Competing Interests: Human subjects: Consent was obtained or waived by all participants in this study. Conflicts of interest: In compliance with the ICMJE uniform disclosure form, all authors declare the following: Payment/services info: All authors have declared that no financial support was received from any organization for the submitted work. Financial relationships: All authors have declared that they have no financial relationships at present or within the previous three years with any organizations that might have an interest in the submitted work. Other relationships: All authors have declared that there are no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work., (Copyright © 2024, Deshmukh et al.)

In endodontic and restorative procedures, an accidental perforation of the pulp chamber floor or roots presents a considerable risk, potentially leading to persistent inflammatory responses and ultimately tooth loss. Accidental root canal perforations are primary complications encountered by clinicians, requiring either surgical or non-surgical intervention, depending on the severity of the perforation. Over the years, various materials have been utilized for the treatment of such complications, but mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) stands out prominently due to its exceptional biocompatibility, remarkable sealing capacity, and potent antibacterial properties. The unique ability of MTA to set in the presence of moisture facilitates the formation of a robust seal, thereby making it highly effective in managing root perforations and fostering tissue regeneration within the affected area. Its versatility and effectiveness have made MTA a cornerstone material in modern endodontic therapy, offering clinicians a reliable solution for enhancing the long-term prognosis of teeth affected by perforations., Competing Interests: Human subjects: Consent was obtained or waived by all participants in this study. Conflicts of interest: In compliance with the ICMJE uniform disclosure form, all authors declare the following: Payment/services info: All authors have declared that no financial support was received from any organization for the submitted work. Financial relationships: All authors have declared that they have no financial relationships at present or within the previous three years with any organizations that might have an interest in the submitted work. Other relationships: All authors have declared that there are no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work., (Copyright © 2024, Panchal et al.)

The aim of this review is to evaluate the current evidence regarding the best management in terms of active surveillance of angiomyolipoma (AML) cases less than 4 cm, particularly the optimal timing of active surveillance. In addition, we aimed to describe their initial size, clinical presentation, and growth rates. The present systematic review included prospective and retrospective studies that evaluated and followed up patients with AML through active surveillance. Studies were retrieved through an online bibliographic search of the Medline database via PubMed, SCOPUS, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library from their inception to January 2022. Seven studies were included in the present systematic review. Concerning the active surveillance protocol, only four studies describe the frequency of active surveillance and the utilized imaging modality. Some studies followed up lesions by ultrasound annually for two to five years, while other studies followed-up patients twice for the first year, then annually for a median follow-up period of 49 (9-89) months. The used modalities were ultrasound, CT, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Notably, the incidence of spontaneous bleeding was consistent across the included studies (ranging from 2.3 - 3.1%), except for one study which showed an incidence rate of 15.3%. In terms of the need for active treatment, the rate of active treatment was slightly higher in some studies than the others. However, this variation could not be considered clinically relevant to favor one surveillance strategy over the other. We concluded that active surveillance is the first line of management in all small asymptomatic ALMs. ALMs less than 2 cm do not require active surveillance. The current published literature suggested that active surveillance for two years may provide the same benefits as a five-year surveillance strategy, with fewer radiation hazards and less socioeconomic burden., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright © 2022, Zeid et al.)