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In this paper, the dynamical behaviors of a multiple delayed HIV-1 infection model which describes the interactions of humoral, cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) immune responses, and two modes of transmission that are the classical virus-to-cell infection and the direct cell-to-cell transmission are investigated. The model incorporates three delays, including the delays of cell infection, virus production and activation of immune response. We first prove the well-posedness of the model, and calculate the biological existence of equilibria and the reproduction numbers, which contain virus infection, humoral immune response, CTL immune response, CTL immune competition, and humoral immune competition. Further, the threshold conditions for the local and global stability of the equilibria for infection-free, immune-free, antibody response, CTL response, and interior are established by utilizing linearization method and the Lyapunov functionals. The existence of Hopf bifurcation with immune delay as a bifurcation parameter is investigated by using the bifurcation theory. Numerical simulations are carried out to illustrate the theoretical results and reveal the effects of some key parameters on viral dynamics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of passive cellular immunotherapy for glioma, a total of 979 patients were assigned to the meta-analysis. PubMed and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched initially from February 2018 and updated in April 2019. The overall survival (OS) rates and Karnofsky performance status (KPS) values of patients who underwent passive cellular immunotherapy were compared to those of patients who did not undergo immunotherapy. The proportion of survival rates was also evaluated in one group of clinical trials. Pooled analysis was performed with random- or fixed-effects models. Clinical trials of lymphokine-activated killer cells, cytotoxic T lymphocytes, autologous tumor-specific T lymphocytes, chimeric antigen receptor T cells, cytokine-induced killer cells, cytomegalovirus-specific T cells, and natural killer cell therapies were selected. Results showed that treatment of glioma with passive cellular immunotherapy was associated with a significantly improved 0.5-year OS (p = 0.003) as well as improved 1-, 1.5-, and 3-year OS (p ≤ 0.05). A meta-analysis of 206 patients in one group of clinical trials with 12-month follow-up showed that the overall pooled survival rate was 37.9% (p = 0.003). Analysis of KPS values demonstrated favorable results for the immunotherapy arm (p < 0.001). Thus, the present meta-analysis showed that passive cellular immunotherapy prolongs survival and improves quality of life for glioma patients, suggesting that it has some clinical benefits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]