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This research was planned to clarify the relationship between natural ageing and accelerated ageing of paper using naturally aged paper. First, samples of paper which had deteriorated over time for 130 to 80 years were artificially aged at 80°C, 65% RH, and their physical and chemical changes were investigated. Oxalic acid contained in the samples before accelerated ageing increased, while glycolic acid showed a tendency to decrease. This means that accelerated ageing test did not simulate the chemical processes occurring during natural ageing in a straight forward manner. On the other hand, paper in which many organic acids had accumulated by natural ageing showed larger degradation rate indicators of tear index and burst index i.e. initial degradation rate constant divided by initial tear index or initial burst index before accelerated ageing and discolouration rate. That of values of the degradation rate indicators of tear index and burst index and the discolouration rate showed good correlation with the number of cellulose chain breaks. However, the number of cellulose chain breaks is not simply correlated with the concentration of hydrogen ion which is an index of the acidic hydrolysis of paper. Oxidation contributes to the rate of cellulose chain breaks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses a treatment for paper made from wood-pulp being stored in library and archive collections intended to slow deterioration. It comments on the process and benefits of the process, including removing soluble acidic products, preventing decay caused by oxidization, and increasing the mechanical strength of the paper itself. The authors note the historical and social importance of preserving historic documents.

The article discusses analysis of the long term efficacy of mass deacidification of library books as it relates to alkaline reserve. It comments on the difficulties of accurately determining alkaline reserve and identifies book age and specific deacidification processes and the main factors influencing treatment efficacy. Other topics include the Papersave process to determine alkaline reserve, long term stability of cellulose in paper, and assessing alkaline reserve through titration.

The article presents a study on the rolling test method which is used to evaluate paper deterioration. The study analyzes the correlation between the rolling test and conventional mechanical measurements using paper samples of varying levels of degradation, which are rolled using cylinders of different diameters. The results reveal that samples from the second half of the 1800s are less flexible than samples from other periods, and that groundwood pulp is a potential cause of the deterioration.

The article presents a study that evaluates the efficiency of calcium phytate and calcium hydrogen carbonate treatment in stabilizing cellulose degradation caused by iron gall ink on molecular level. It cites that combination of calcium phytate, a chelating agent, and calcium hydrogen carbonate, a deacidification agent, was applied in three types of paper including the historic paper, Whatman filter paper and model paper. An ageing process was performed after the phytate treatment to test its long stability. It notes that an efficient treatment can suppress the formation of new carbonyls groups and cleavage of the cellulose chain. It concludes that the treatment is most efficient on inked historic rag paper as no degradation is observed after the application of the treatment.