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This research work proposes a planning strategy pertaining to the techno-economic operation of Indian power systems. The proposed strategy focused on the reactive power (VAr) planning (RPP) subject to the system operating cost minimization ensuring system security. To mitigate the RPP issue, unique meta-heuristic hybridized techniques are adopted to size the optimal parameter settings such as alternator's reactive power, tap settings of transformers etc. instigated by power flow analysis satisfying all equality and inequality constraints. The controlling variables are optimally determined to solve this non-linear RPP problem. The bottleneck for the installation of static VAr compensators at weak buses is also wiped out by different analytical techniques viz. loss sensitivity, power flow and modal analysis. Two different inter-regional transmission networks prevailing in India are considered to measure the adaptability, efficacy and efficiency of the proposed approach. The results obtained by applying the proposed approach have confirmed that network loss-minimization procedures produce an acceptable solution and reduce the operating cost which is especially important in RPP. The responses of bench mark functions and statistical analysis of the outcomes from both systems allow us to assess the overall efficiency and efficacy of the proposed techno-economic planning approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phasor measurement unit (PMU) is a GPS-based monitoring equipment employed for the improvement of the stability and reliability of the electrical grid. In this work, an optimal PMU placement has been considered to utilize the least number of units in order to make the power network fully observable. Further, this article also suggests to not only determine the minimal number and optimal locations of PMUs but also installation of the maximum number of PMUs on the weakest bus in an electrical network. Thus, the weak bus based on line stability index utilizing load flow measurement is determined. Then a novel numerical methodology which depends upon binary integer linear programming, constrained by weak bus measurement is proposed in this paper. Also, the effect of a single PMU loss considering weak buses is shown. The developed approach has been conducted on standard IEEE -14, -118, -300 and New England 39-bus test systems. Finally, obtained results and comparison with different weak bus methodologies are shown and examined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]