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The electrical conductivity of molten TeCl4 was measured up to 761K, i.e. 106 degrees above the normal boiling point of the salt. For the first time it was found that TeCl4 electrical conductivity polytherm has a maximum. It was recorded at 705K (κmax=0.245 Sm/cm), whereupon the conductivity decreases as the temperature rises. The activation energy of electrical conductivity was calculated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The electrical conductivity of molten TeCl4 was measured up to 761K, i.e. 106 degrees above the normal boiling point of the salt. For the first time it was found that TeCl4 electrical conductivity polytherm has a maximum. It was recorded at 705K (κmax=0.245 Sm/cm), whereupon the conductivity decreases as the temperature rises. The activation energy of electrical conductivity was calculated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Methods for controlling the synthesis of the submicron (including nanosized) powder of titanium dioxide (titania, TiO2) in a setup with a plasmachemical flow reactor were investigated. The synthesis of titania particles from gaseous titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4) in the plasmachemical reactor by the chloride method was experimentally studied. The processes of formation and growth of particles depending on the type of the plasma-forming gas, flow rates of TiCl4; and the quenching gas (air), reactor length, and mean-mass temperature in the reaction zone were considered. When using nitrogen as heat-carrying gas, a new approach of titania powder synthesis based on combining of reaction zone and quenching zone has been applied. Under these non-equilibrium conditions and substantial temperature gradients, this method enabled us to synthesize reproducibly ultrafine titania powders (30-50 nm) with a high content (80-87%) of metastable anatase crystal lattice. The results reveal that the powder properties can be efficiently controlled, i.e., one setup can produce titania with a required particle size and a type of the crystal lattice: anatase ( A) or rutile ( R). The experimental data are found to agree well with the results of numerical calculations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The salt metathesis reaction of 1,8-dilithionaphthalene with tributyltin chloride provided 1,8-bis(tributyltin)naphthalene ( 1) in 41% yield. The transmetallation of 1 with tin tetrachloride gave rise to the formation of 7,7,14,14-tetrachlorodinaphtho[1,8 bc:1′,8′- fg][1,5]distannocine ( 2) in 75% yield. The molecular structure of 2·2 H2O·4 THF was established by single crystal X-ray crystallography. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A freshly distilled tin(IV) tetrachloride interacted with sodium salts of Schiff bases in 1:2 molar ratios in a mixture of tetrahydrofuron (THF)-C6H6 produced complexes of the type [SnCl2(sb)2], [where sb=Schiff bases; salicylidene-2-amino­pyridine (sap H) (1), salicylidene-2-amino-4-picoline (sapic H) (2), salicylidene-2-methyl-1-aminobenzene ( o-smab H) (3), salicylidene-4-methyl-1-aminobenzene ( p-smab H) (4), sali­cylidene-1-aminobenzene (sab H) (5), salicylidene-3-nitro-1-aminobenzene (snab H) (6)]. These complexes are soluble in polar solvents, monomeric, colored solids and characterized by elemental analysis (Sn, Cl, C, H, and N), spectral analysis [infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance (1H, 13C, and 119Sn)], and time-of-flight mass spectrometry studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ethanol extract of Stereospermum suaveolens (EESS) bark was evaluated for its hepatoprotective and antioxidant activities against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver damage, in wistar albino rats. The ethanol extract of Sterespermum suaveolens (EESS) bark (200 and 400 mg/kg body weight, p.o.) was administered to the experimental rats for 14 days. Silymarin (50 mg/kg body weight (b.w.) was given as the standard drug. The hepatoprotective activity was assessed using various serum biochemical parameters as glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT), glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), bilirubin, and total proteins. Malondialdehyde (MDA) level as well as the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), reduced glutathione (GSH) and catalase (CAT) were determined to explain the possible mechanism of activity. The hepatoprotective activity was also supported by histopathological studies of liver tissue. The substantially elevated levels of serum GOT, GPT, ALP and total bilirubin, due to CCl4 treatment, were restored towards near normal by EESS, in a dose dependent manner. EESS also increased the serum total proteins of CCl4-intoxicated rats. Reduced enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant levels and elevated lipid peroxide levels were restored towards near normal, by administration of EESS. A histological study showed a reduction of fatty degeneration and liver necrosis in EESS-treated rats. The results revealed that, the ethanol extract of Sterespermum suaveolens afforded significant dose dependent hepatoprotective and antioxidant effects in CCl4-induced hepatic damage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]