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Idiopathic brachial neuritis (IPN) is a clinical entity of unknown cause characterized by sudden onset of pain and weakness with occasional atrophy of the arm muscles. It has rarely been documented in children. Many cases are preceded by upper respiratory tract infections, immunisations or trauma, which has led to speculation about an autoimmune cause. A case of severe IPN in a 12-year-old boy without antecedent events is presented. Diagnostic tests, treatment and prognosis are discussed.