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The article focuses on evolution of human as the most important weapon system. In the U.S. Air Force, human-performance programs are more product oriented than human-centric and relevant strategy and doctrine are limited to health services. The medical service maximizes successful force projection through its contribution to the human-performance mission while standing ready to mitigate performance failures through consequence management.

The article discusses the ethical issues brought on by advances in human performance enhancement (HPE), focusing mainly on biotechnology. Ethical dilemmas likely will exist across the HPE spectrum like ethical implications in conducting psychological screening and training in Airmen. The article urged not to view HPE to be inherently unethical as it may be ethical in terms of beneficience. Recommendations are then presented on new science and technology advances with potential HPE applications.