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Aim: Many etiological factors play a role in the occurrence of postoperative empyema. We aimed to define the effects of these factors on the development of empyema. Material and Method: Two hundred and eighty-eight cases from our clinic who underwent tube thoracostomy and/or were operated due to any cause out of the primary empyema between August 2009 and May 2010 were prospectively studied in terms of empyema development. Data comprised gender, age, chemoradiotherapy, surgical procedure, intraoperative thoracic lavage with povidone-iodine, emergency surgery status, sharing the same room with other cases with empyema, primary disease, additional comorbidity, operation duration, drain number, complication, number of patients in the room, and drain discontinuation and hospitalization duration. Blood leukocyte-neutrophil count was ordered in all cases at 3-day intervals, and fluid culture specimens were simultaneously collected from cases with drains. Drainage fluid culture specimens were evaluated with “Automated Identification and Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing” using standard procedures. Empyema cases who developed clinical manifestation and/or with bacterial growth in culture specimens were studied in terms of risk factors. The findings were analyzed using SPSS (version 16). Results: The results showed that gender, age, chemoradiotherapy, surgical procedure, intraoperative thoracic lavage with povidone-iodine, emergency surgery status, and sharing a same room with other empyema cases were not significantly correlated with the risk of empyema development. Contribution of the primary disease (p

Aim: In this study we aim to present differences of etiological factors and treatment procedures between primary and secondary spontaneous pneumothorax patients who were treated in our hospital. Material and Method: Pneumothorax patients who were hospitalized and treated in Ministry of Health Ankara Training and Research Hospital between January 2005 and December 2010 were retrospectively evaluated. Age, sex, etiological factor, treatment procedure, treatment duration and treatment results were detected. Results: Totally 260 pneumothorax patients were treated. 227 (87.3%) of patients were male while 33 (12.7%) were female. Average age was 27.038.65. 238 patients (91.5%) were treated with the diagnosis of primary spontaneous pneumothorax while 22 patients had (8.5%) secondary spontaneous pneumothorax. In the comparison of these two groups, significant differences were found in age, sex, cigarette smoking, complaint duration, treatment duration and recurrence ratios (p