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Zsolt Vastag,1,2 Ovidiu Fira-Mladinescu,2,3 Elena Cecilia Rosca4,5 1Doctoral School, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Timisoara, Timisoara, 300041, Romania; 2Clinical Hospital of Infectious Diseases and Pneumology Victor Babes Timisoara, Timisoara, 300173, Romania; 3The XIIIth Department - Pulmonology, Center for Research and Innovation in Personalized Medicine of Respiratory Diseases, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Timișoara, 300041, Romania; 4Department of Neurology, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Timisoara, Timisoara, 300041, Romania; 5Department of Neurology, Clinical Emergency County Hospital Timisoara, Timisoara, 300736, RomaniaCorrespondence: Elena Cecilia Rosca, Department of Neurology, Clinical Emergency County Hospital Timisoara, Bd. Iosif Bulbuca No. 10, Timisoara, 300736, Romania, Tel + 40 746 173794, Email roscacecilia@yahoo.com Ovidiu Fira-Mladinescu, The XIIIth Department - Pulmonology, Center for Research and Innovation in Personalized Medicine of Respiratory Diseases, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, Timisoara, 300041, Romania, Tel +40 745 608856, Email mladinescu@umft.roAbstract: Despite the recent advances in HIV treatment, HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) prevalence remains high, especially in the mild forms. Current recommendations endorse routine screening for HAND and early identification, but there are several obstacles in diagnosing and managing cognitive impairment in people living with HIV. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the concepts and diagnostic tools in the field of HAND and report on the strengths and limitations of currently available approaches.Keywords: HIV infection, cognitive disorders, neuropsychology, cognitive test, screening

Viorelia Adelina Constantin,1,2 József Attila Szász,1,3 Károly Orbán-Kis,1,4 Elena Cecilia Rosca,5,6 Maria Popovici,7 Amalia Cornea,5,6 Ligia Ariana Bancu,8,9 Marius Ciorba,8,10 István Mihály,1,4 Előd Nagy,11,12 Szabolcs Szatmári,1,3 Mihaela Simu5,6 1 2nd Clinic of Neurology, Târgu Mureș County Emergency Clinical Hospital, Târgu Mureș, Romania; 2Doctoral School, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania; 3Department of Neurology, “George Emil Palade” University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mureș, Târgu Mureș, Romania; 4Department of Physiology, “George Emil Palade” University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mureș, Târgu Mureș, Romania; 5Department of Neurology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania; 6Department of Neurology, “Pius Branzeu” Emergency Clinical County Hospital, Timisoara, Romania; 7Neurotim Med SRL, Timisoara, Romania; 8Department of Internal Medicine, “George Emil Palade” University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mureș, Târgu Mureș, Romania; 9 1st Clinic of Internal Medicine, Târgu Mureș County Emergency Clinical Hospital, Târgu Mureș, Romania; 10Department of Gastroenterology, Târgu Mureș County Emergency Clinical Hospital, Târgu Mureș, Romania; 11Department of Biochemistry and Environmental Chemistry, “George Emil Palade” University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mureș, Târgu Mureș, Romania; 12Laboratory of Medical Analysis, Clinical County Hospital Mureș, Târgu Mureș, RomaniaCorrespondence: Károly Orbán-KisDepartment of Physiology, “George Emil Palade” University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mureș, Gh. Marinescu Street No. 38, Târgu Mureș 540142, RomaniaTel +40743754525Email karoly.orban-kis@umfst.roBackground: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common progressive neurodegenerative disease. In the advanced stages, the continuous delivery of levodopa (LD) as levodopa-carbidopa intestinal gel (LCIG) has demonstrated significant improvement of motor and nonmotor complications and improvement of the patients’ quality of life (QoL). Despite the growing global experience with this treatment, anumber of unsolved practical issues remain, and currently, the data on the reasons that can lead to the discontinuation of LCIG are scarce.Objective: In the present study, we aimed to analyze the causes that led to the discontinuation of LCIG therapy.Methods: In this retrospective study, after 10 years of experience with LCIG as a therapeutic option in advanced PD, we analyzed the data of all dropout cases among the 204 patients that initiated LCIG therapy in two Romanian centers.Results: Of the 204 patients enrolled, 43 patients dropped out. Disease duration until LCIG infusion was significantly longer (11.67± 4.98 vs 9.44± 3.44) and the overall clinical picture more sever (both regarding motor symptoms and cognitive decline) in dropout patients (compared to patients who continued treatment). The dropout patients also presented significant differences regarding the incidence of polyneuropathy (32.5% vs 11.18%). The main cause of discontinuation was death.Conclusion: The causes of discontinuation from LCIG therapy in Romanian patients are similar to those from other centers; however, the rate of dropouts is somewhat lower. The clinician’s experience in selecting and treating the patients in advanced stages of PD can increase therapeutic adherence. Also, the presence of a well-trained caregiver along with the availability of a proper aftercare system is mandatory for maintaining the long-term benefits of the therapy and the overall best outcome possible. Targeted prospective studies are needed to confirm whether a more severe stage of the disease and cognitive impairment at the time of initiation, respectively, the association of polyneuropathy can be considered as predictive factors for dropout.Keywords: advanced Parkinson’s disease, levodopa-carbidopa intestinal gel, therapy discontinuation, polyneuropathy