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Min-Kyung Ji,1,* Yaerim Chun,2,* Geonwoo Jeong,3 Hyun-Seung Kim,4 Won-Jae Kim,5 Je-Hwang Ryu,6 Hoonsung Cho,3 Hyun-Pil Lim1,2 1Dental 4D Research Center, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea; 2Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea; 3Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea; 4KJ Meditech Co., Ltd, Gwangju, Republic of Korea; 5Department of Oral Physiology, School of Dentistry, Stem Cell Secretome Research Center, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea; 6Department of Pharmacology and Dental Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Hyun-Pil Lim, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea, Tel +82-10-2645-7528, Fax +82-62-530-5577, Email mcnihil@jnu.ac.kr Hoonsung Cho, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea, Tel/Fax +82-62-530-1717, Email cho.hoonsung@jnu.ac.krPurpose: This study aimed to confirm the synergy effect of these two materials by evaluating osteoblast and antibacterial activity by applying a double-layered hydroxyapatite(HA) zirconium oxide(ZrO2) coating to titanium.Methods: The specimens used in this study were divided into four groups: a control group (polished titanium; group T) and three experimental groups: Group TH (RF magnetron sputtered HA deposited titanium), Group Z (ZrO2 ALD deposited titanium), and Group ZH (RF magnetron sputtered HA and ZrO2 ALD deposited titanium). The adhesion of Streptococcus mutans (S.mutans) to the surface was assessed using a crystal violet assay. The adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells, a mouse osteoblastic cell line, were assessed through a WST-8 assay a

Hong-Joo Kim,1 Seon-Ki Lee,2 Hyun-Seung Kim,3 Won-Jae Kim,4 Je-Hwang Ryu,5 Min-Kyung Ji,6 Hyun-Pil Lim1 1Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea; 2Department of Prosthodontics, Daejeon Dental Hospital, Wonkwang University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea; 3KJ Meditech Co., Ltd, Gwangju, Republic of Korea; 4Department of Oral Physiology, School of Dentistry, Stem cell Secretome Research Center, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea; 5Department of Pharmacology and Dental Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea; 6Dental 4D Research Center, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of KoreaCorrespondence: Hyun-Pil Lim, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea, Tel +82-10-2645-7528, Fax +82-62-530-5639, Email mcnihil@jnu.ac.kr Min-Kyung Ji, Dental 4D Research Center, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea, Tel +82-10-8432-3639, Fax +82-62-530-5639, Email perizimin@gmail.comPurpose: Atomic layer deposition (ALD) is a method that can deposit zirconia uniformly on an atomic basis. The effect of deposited zirconia on titanium implants using ALD was evaluated in vivo.Methods: Machined titanium implants (MTIs) were used as the Control. MTIs treated by sandblasting with large grit and acid etching (SA) and MTIs deposited with zirconia using ALD are referred to as Groups S and Z, respectively. Twelve implants were prepared for each group. Six rabbits were used as experimental animals. To evaluate the osteogenesis and osteocyte aspects around the implants, radiological and histological analyses were performed. The bone-to-implant contact (BIC) ratio was measured and statistically analyzed to evaluate the osseointegration capabilities.Results: In the micro-CT analysis, more radiopaque bone tissues were observed around the implants in Groups S and Z. H

Hee-Seon Kim,1,* Woohyung Jang,1,* Yeong-Gwan Im,2 Hyun-Pil Lim1 1Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea; 2Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Hyun-Pil Lim, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea, Tel +82-62-530-5577, Email mcnihil@jnu.ac.kr Yeong-Gwan Im, Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea, Tel +82-62-530-5578, Email imygwise@jnu.ac.krObjective: Mid-to-long term use of provisional crowns in the oral cavity is associated with bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation, thus necessitating provisional crowns exhibiting antibacterial properties to prevent the occurrence of gingivitis and periodontal disease. This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial effect of zirconia nanoparticle-containing polyethyl methacrylate (PEMA) resin for provisional restorations.Methods: Zirconia nanoparticles were added to the monomer of PEMA resin for provisional restorations, and the mixture was stirred for 2 h using a magnetic stirrer. Disk-shaped specimens were prepared by mixing the polymer with the nanoparticle solution. The control group contained pure PEMA resin samples, and the experimental groups Group Z2, Group Z4, and Group Z8 included PEMA resin specimens containing 2, 4, and 8% w/v zirconia nanoparticles, respectively. After analyzing the sample surfaces, the antibacterial effect of the specimens was evaluated using Streptococcus mutans. Statistical analysis was performed using Tukey’s test and Mann–Whitney U-test, according to the normality result in the Shapiro–Wilk test.Results: FE-SEM and EDX analyses revealed the successful addition of zirconia nanoparticles. Results showed no sig

Hee-Seon Kim1 *, Min-Kyung Ji2 *, Woo-Hyung Jang1 *, Khurshed Alam,3 Hyun-Seung Kim,4 Hoon-Sung Cho,3 Hyun-Pil Lim1 1Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea; 2Optoelectronics Convergence Research Center, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea; 3Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea; 4Department of Division of New Projects, KJ Meditech Co, Ltd, Gwangju, 61009, Republic of Korea*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Hyun-Pil LimDepartment of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of KoreaTel +82-10-2645-7528Fax +82-62-530-5577Email mcnihil@jnu.ac.krHoon-Sung ChoDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of KoreaTel +82-10-8545-2816Fax +82-62-530-1717Email cho.hoonsung@jnu.ac.krPurpose: This paper presents a technique for developing a novel surface for dental implants using a combination of nitriding and anodic oxidation, followed by the deposition of graphene oxide using atmospheric plasma. The effects of various surface treatments on bacterial adhesion and osteoblast activation were also evaluated.Methods: CP titanium (control) was processed into disk-shaped specimens. Nitriding was conducted using vacuum nitriding, followed by anodic oxidation, which was performed in an electrolyte using a DC power supply, to form the novel “mulberry surface.” Graphene oxide deposition was performed using atmospheric plasma with an inflow of carbon sources. After analyzing the sample surfaces, antibacterial activity was evaluated using Streptococcus mutans and Porphyromonas gingivalis bacteria. The viability, adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation of osteoblasts were also assessed. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Tukey’s post-hoc test was use

WooHyung Jang,1 Hee-Seon Kim,1 Khurshed Alam,2 Min-Kyung Ji,3 Hoon-Sung Cho,2 Hyun-Pil Lim1 1Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea; 2Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Korea; 3Optoelectronics Convergence Research Center, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, KoreaCorrespondence: Hyun-Pil LimDepartment of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, KoreaTel +82-10-2645-7528Fax +82-62-530-5577Email mcnihil@jnu.ac.krHoon-Sung ChoDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, KoreaTel/Fax +82-62-530-1717Email cho.hoonsung@jnu.ac.krObjective: To determine the effects of graphene oxide (GO) deposition (on a zirconia surface) on bacterial adhesion and osteoblast activation.Methods: An atmospheric pressure plasma generator (PGS-300) was used to coat Ar/CH4 mixed gas onto zirconia specimens (15-mm diameter × 2.5-mm thick disks) at a rate of 10 L/min and 240 V. Zirconia specimens were divided into two groups: uncoated (control; Zr) group and GO-coated (Zr-GO) group. Surface characteristics and element structures of each specimen were evaluated by field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Raman spectroscopy, and contact angle. Additionally, crystal violet staining was performed to assess the adhesion of Streptococcus mutans. WST-8 and ALP (Alkaline phosphatase) assays were conducted to evaluate MC3T3-E1 osteoblast adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation. Statistical analysis was calculated by the Mann–Whitney U-test.Results: FE–SEM and Raman spectroscopy demonstrated effective GO deposition on the zirconia surface in Zr-GO. The attachment and biofilm formation of S. mutans was significantly reduced in Zr-GO compared with that of Zr (P < 0.05). While no significant differences in cell attachment of MC3T3-1 wer

Yujin Jo,1 Yong Tae Kim,2 Hoonsung Cho,2 Min-Kyung Ji,3 Jaeyeong Heo,2,3 Hyun-Pil Lim1 1Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea; 2Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Korea; 3Optoelectronics Convergence Research Center, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of KoreaCorrespondence: Hyun-Pil LimDepartment of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, KoreaTel +82-10-2645-7528Fax +82-62-530-5577Email mcnihil@jnu.ac.krJaeyeong HeoDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, KoreaTel +82-62-530-1716Fax +82-62-530-1699Email jheo@jnu.ac.krPurpose: The study was intended to create a uniform zirconia layer even on the surface of complex structures via atomic layer deposition (ALD). The impact of crystalline zirconia deposited by ALD on bacterial adhesion and osteoblast viability was assessed via surface treatment of dental implants.Methods: Amorphous zirconia was deposited using an atomic layer deposition reactor (Atomic Classic, CN1, Hwaseong, Korea) on titanium discs. Heating the samples at 400°C resulted in crystallization. Samples were divided into three groups: the control group, the group carrying amorphous ALD-zirconia (Z group), and the heat-treated group following zirconia ALD deposition (ZH group).The surface of each sample was analyzed, followed by the assessment of adhesion of Streptococcus mutans and Porphyromonas gingivalis, and viability and differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells.Results: The adhesion of S. mutans and P. gingivalis was significantly reduced in the Z and ZH groups compared with the control group (P < 0.05). The viability of MC3T3-E1 cells was significantly increased in the ZH group compared with the control group (P < 0.001), while no significant differences were observed in the Z group (P > 0.05). Differenti

WooHyung Jang,1 Hee-Seon Kim,1 Khurshed Alam,2 Min-Kyung Ji,3 Hoon-Sung Cho,2 Hyun-Pil Lim1 1Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea; 2Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Korea; 3Optoelectronics Convergence Research Center, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, KoreaCorrespondence: Hyun-Pil LimDepartment of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, KoreaTel +82-10-2645-7528Fax +82-62-530-5577Email mcnihil@jnu.ac.krHoon-Sung ChoDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, KoreaTel/Fax +82-62-530-1717Email cho.hoonsung@jnu.ac.krObjective: To determine the effects of graphene oxide (GO) deposition (on a zirconia surface) on bacterial adhesion and osteoblast activation.Methods: An atmospheric pressure plasma generator (PGS-300) was used to coat Ar/CH4 mixed gas onto zirconia specimens (15-mm diameter × 2.5-mm thick disks) at a rate of 10 L/min and 240 V. Zirconia specimens were divided into two groups: uncoated (control; Zr) group and GO-coated (Zr-GO) group. Surface characteristics and element structures of each specimen were evaluated by field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Raman spectroscopy, and contact angle. Additionally, crystal violet staining was performed to assess the adhesion of Streptococcus mutans. WST-8 and ALP (Alkaline phosphatase) assays were conducted to evaluate MC3T3-E1 osteoblast adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation. Statistical analysis was calculated by the Mann–Whitney U-test.Results: FE–SEM and Raman spectroscopy demonstrated effective GO deposition on the zirconia surface in Zr-GO. The attachment and biofilm formation of S. mutans was significantly reduced in Zr-GO compared with that of Zr (P < 0.05). While no significant differences in cell attachment of MC3T3-1 wer

Hee-Seon Kim1 &ast;, Min-Kyung Ji2 &ast;, Woo-Hyung Jang1 &ast;, Khurshed Alam,3 Hyun-Seung Kim,4 Hoon-Sung Cho,3 Hyun-Pil Lim1 1Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea; 2Optoelectronics Convergence Research Center, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea; 3Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea; 4Department of Division of New Projects, KJ Meditech Co, Ltd, Gwangju, 61009, Republic of Korea&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Hyun-Pil LimDepartment of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of KoreaTel +82-10-2645-7528Fax +82-62-530-5577Email mcnihil@jnu.ac.krHoon-Sung ChoDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of KoreaTel +82-10-8545-2816Fax +82-62-530-1717Email cho.hoonsung@jnu.ac.krPurpose: This paper presents a technique for developing a novel surface for dental implants using a combination of nitriding and anodic oxidation, followed by the deposition of graphene oxide using atmospheric plasma. The effects of various surface treatments on bacterial adhesion and osteoblast activation were also evaluated.Methods: CP titanium (control) was processed into disk-shaped specimens. Nitriding was conducted using vacuum nitriding, followed by anodic oxidation, which was performed in an electrolyte using a DC power supply, to form the novel “mulberry surface.” Graphene oxide deposition was performed using atmospheric plasma with an inflow of carbon sources. After analyzing the sample surfaces, antibacterial activity was evaluated using Streptococcus mutans and Porphyromonas gingivalis bacteria. The viability, adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation of osteoblasts were also assessed. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Tukey’s post-hoc test was use

Yujin Jo,1 Yong Tae Kim,2 Hoonsung Cho,2 Min-Kyung Ji,3 Jaeyeong Heo,2,3 Hyun-Pil Lim1 1Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea; 2Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Korea; 3Optoelectronics Convergence Research Center, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of KoreaCorrespondence: Hyun-Pil LimDepartment of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, KoreaTel +82-10-2645-7528Fax +82-62-530-5577Email mcnihil@jnu.ac.krJaeyeong HeoDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, KoreaTel +82-62-530-1716Fax +82-62-530-1699Email jheo@jnu.ac.krPurpose: The study was intended to create a uniform zirconia layer even on the surface of complex structures via atomic layer deposition (ALD). The impact of crystalline zirconia deposited by ALD on bacterial adhesion and osteoblast viability was assessed via surface treatment of dental implants.Methods: Amorphous zirconia was deposited using an atomic layer deposition reactor (Atomic Classic, CN1, Hwaseong, Korea) on titanium discs. Heating the samples at 400°C resulted in crystallization. Samples were divided into three groups: the control group, the group carrying amorphous ALD-zirconia (Z group), and the heat-treated group following zirconia ALD deposition (ZH group).The surface of each sample was analyzed, followed by the assessment of adhesion of Streptococcus mutans and Porphyromonas gingivalis, and viability and differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells.Results: The adhesion of S. mutans and P. gingivalis was significantly reduced in the Z and ZH groups compared with the control group (P < 0.05). The viability of MC3T3-E1 cells was significantly increased in the ZH group compared with the control group (P < 0.001), while no significant differences were observed in the Z group (P > 0.05). Differenti