Search

Type-2 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSD11B2) is a key enzyme which converts cortisol to inactive cortisone and is involved in tumor progression and metastasis. Several studies have shown that the promotion of tumor progression and metastasis by HSD11B2 resulted from its physiological function of inactivating glucocorticoids (GC). However, the underlying molecular mechanisms by which HSD11B2 drives metastasis, in addition to inactivating GC, are still unclear. In our study, a series of in vivo and in vitro assays were performed to determine the function of HSD11B2 and the possible mechanisms underlying its role in CRC metastasis. mRNA transcriptome array analysis was used to identify the possible downstream targets of HSD11B2. We found that the ectopic expression of HSD11B2 significantly promoted the migration, invasion and metastasis of colorectal cancer (CRC) cells both in vitro and in vivo , while it did not affect their proliferation in either case. Mechanically, HSD11B2 appeared to enhance cell migration and invasion by upregulating the expression of fibroblast growth factor binding protein 1 (Fgfbp1), and subsequently increasing the phosphorylation of AKT. Furthermore, AKT activation partially mediated the increased expression of Fgfbp1 induced by HSD11B2. HSD11B2 expression was positively correlated with Fgfbp1 and p-AKT expression in clinical samples of CRC. Additionally, knockdown of either Fgfbp1 or AKT impaired the migration and invasion capability of CRC cells with HSD11B2 overexpression, suggesting that HSD11B2 promoted the migration, invasion and metastasis of CRC cells via the Fgfbp1-AKT pathway. Therefore, targeting HSD11B2 or Fgfbp1 may be a novel treatment strategy for inhibiting the metastasis of CRC., Competing Interests: None., (AJCR Copyright © 2020.)

Transpalpebral or trans-eyelid approach is a modified trans-orbital access to lesions of anterior cranial fossa and sellar region. But whether this approach is also suitable for tumors extending laterally to the temporal lobe or middle cranial fossa is not clarified. We would like to share our experiences from the cadaveric anatomy study to clinical operations. We used 5 cadavers to study trans-eyelid approaches in a step-by-step fashion. And then assisted by an experienced ophthalmologist for incisions, we treated 3 female patients via this approach: One with spheno-orbital meningioma, one with sellar tuberculum meningioma, and the other with medial sphenoidal wing meningioma. After studying the cadavers, we made several revisions to the previously reported approach: 1) move the incision close to the edge of the eyelid, which resembled the double-eyelid incision. 2) A vascularized periosteum flap was dissected for repairing the opened frontal sinus and reconstruction of the skull base. 3) The dura was sutured up with a slice of temporalis muscle. Then we treated 3 patients by this approach. All tumors were totally resected as Simpson Grade I. Complications included orbital apex syndrome and transient oculomotor paralysis because of tumor invasion into orbit and cavernous sinus. No cerebrospinal fluid leakage. We find that trans-eyelid approach is suitable for lesions not only at anterior cranial base or sellar region, but also extending to middle cranial base, especially around sphenoidal wings within 2 cm range or spheno-orbital region. Thus, we propose whether it appropriate to nominate this approach as 'trans-eyelid pterional approach', since it may treat some anterior and middle cranial fossa lesions with a mini-craniotomy around pterion.

Objective: To investigate the clinicopathological characteristics, prognosis, pathology, and differential diagnosis of LPM by analyzing our experience and reviewed relevant literature. We also postulated the necessity of postoperative adjuvant therapy., Methods: 19 patients with LPM underwent surgical treatment from 2007 through 2010 in our department. The clinical charts of the patients, including surgical, histological, and follow-up records, as well as imaging studies, were analyzed retrospectively. Other 43 cases searched from the literature were also included, so that 62 LPM cases were summarized and reviewed together., Results: The summarized 62 patients comprised 30 males and 31 females aged 9 years to 79 years (40.7±18.3 years). The most common locations were convexity, skull base, para-sagittal and cervical canal. Multiple or diffuse lesions were found in 8 cases. There were 13 patients had peripheral blood abnormalities (21%). One-third of the cases had moderate to severe peritumoral brain edema. Thirty-eight patients had total resection, 12 patients not specified while 12 received subtotal resection or only biopsy. MIB-1 was available in 24 cases and a third of them were higher than 3%. Follow-up more than 3 year was only completed in 19/62 cases. Seven cases suffered recurrence and two of them died after 2 years of operation., Conclusion: LPM is a very rare benign variant of intracranial meningioma. Both lesions and hematological abnormalities have a predilection for younger individuals. Preoperative diagnosis of this subtype of meningioma is still difficult. Surgical resection is the primary treatment option, and supportive care for those not totally removed is very important, because the recurrence rate for this subtype is rather low. However, the massive infiltration of lymphocytes and plasma cells in LPMs are still controversial and the long-term follow-ups are needed. Radiotherapy is not recommended, and hormonal or immune-inhibitor therapy might be helpful.

Papillary meningioma is a rare subtype of malignant meningiomas, which is classified by the World Health Organization as Grade III. Because of lack of large sample size case studies, many of the specific characteristics of papillary meningioma are unclear. This study investigated by retrospective analysis the clinical, radiological and histopathological findings of 17 papillary meningioma patients who underwent surgical resection or biopsy, to assess the characteristics of papillary meningioma. Eight female and nine male patients were included, with a mean age of 40 (range: 6 to 55) years. Tumors were mostly located in the cerebral convexity and showed irregular margins, absence of a peritumoral rim, heterogeneous enhancement and severe peritumoral brain edema on preoperative images. Brain invasion was often confirmed during the operations, with abundant to exceedingly abundant blood supply. Intratumoral necrosis and mitosis was frequently observed on routinely stained sections. The average MIB-1 labeling index was 6.9%. Seven cases experienced tumor recurrence or progression, while seven patients died 6 to 29 months after operation. Radiation therapy was given in 52.9% of all cases. Univariate analysis showed that only the existence of intratumoral necrosis and incomplete resection correlated with tumor recurrence. The 3-year progression free survival was 66.7% after gross total resection and 63.6% for other cases. The 3-year mortality rate was 50% after gross total resection and 63.6% for other cases. Papillary meningioma has specific clinical and histopathological characteristics. Tumor recurrence (or progression) and mortality are common. Gross total tumor resection resulted in less recurrence and mortality.

Secretory meningioma (SM) is a rare, benign subtype of meningioma. Between January 2005 and December 2010, 70 SMs were operated on at the Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University. We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data, radiological and immunohistochemical findings, and patient outcome to discuss the specific features of SMs. Cranial base preference, hyper-signal in T2 weighted MR image, "xenon light" gadolinium-diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (Gd-DTPA) enhancement were frequently observed in the 70 cases. Non-skull base SMs, which received more complete resection (p<0.01) and had better short-term and long-term outcome, were observed with more severe peritumoral brain edema (PTBE) (p<0.001). In follow-up, only 1 cranial base SM case showed tumor progression. 3 cases died after operation, all with cranial base SMs. As for the 10 cases given Simpson grade 3 or 4 resection who were available at follow-up, 3 died, 5 received gamma-knife therapy, and the other 2 cases received no treatment at all. Only one of the 2 residual SMs without postoperative radiation presented minor progression at a median of 48 months follow-up. In conclusion, cranial base preference, hyper-signal T2 weighted MR image and "xenon light" GD-DTPA enhancement are specific for SMs. Prognosis of SMs is related with operation completeness and surgical risks, rather than the extent of PTBE. Residual SM grows slowly and reacts well to gamma-knife therapy.