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Elemental hair profile of the population is adequate hygienic indicator reflecting the impact of climatic and geographical, biogeochemical and ecological characteristics of the area on human. This indicator is also a tool for monitoring the population's health through detection and elimination the elementosis which is typical for the territory. The purpose of this study was to carry out a study of element status of adult population of the Republic of Tatarstan not employed in the manufacturing sector in the framework of the Federal Target Program "National System of chemical and biological security of the Russian Federation. It was analised elemental composition of hair 2,127 adult residents (1,667 women and 460 men aged 25-50 years) of the Republic of Tatarstan in the period 2004 and 2010 to perform the tasks. ICP-AES and ICP-MS methods was used. Mathematical processing of data was carried out using methods of nonparametric statistics. In general, the evaluation of the element status of population of the Republic of Tatarstan showed that the situation with the adult residents is sufficient, although the male part of the population deficits are relatively frequent. Attracts attention common for both men and women accumulation of aluminum, silicon and calcium in hair. The positive facts necessary to carry a small risk hipoelementosis frequency in women.