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The aim of the work is to study the level of systemic inflammation and changes in adaptive immunity in the early period after acute psychosis to assess their participation in the pathogenesis of alcoholic mental and cognitive disorders. We examined 28 patients with alcoholic psychosis (AP) and a control group of 17 healthy volunteers. Indicators of systemic inflammation and immunity, including key cytokines and lymphocyte subpopulations, were investigated. After acute psychosis of patients with alcoholism, pronounced activation of humoral immunity with impaired clearance of immune complexes, increased content and activity of Th2 with signs of insufficiency and dysfunction of Th1, reduced content and activity of cytotoxicity system cells and signs of systemic inflammation (increased CRP, cortisol, cytokines). Activation of Th2 response and an excess of proinflammatory mediators in patients with AP through various ways of interaction with the Central nervous system (n. vagus, choroidal plexus of the ventricles, and others) can participate in the disorders of metabolism of neurotransmitters in the Central nervous system involved in the pathogenesis of alcoholism, and in the maintenance of neuroinflammation. A high level of systemic inflammation can be both a trigger of psychosis and a manifestation of violations of neuroimmune interactions, as well as the development of excitotoxicity and damage to neurons in acute psychosis.