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Las enseñanzas de sordomudos en el periodo de la II República española es un tema poco estudiado e inédito en determinados aspectos. Se puede decir que participa de las características de la educación general de dicha etapa: esfuerzo económico y presupuestario de los gobiernos, renovación metodológica, modernización del sistema, ampliación de la red escolar, formación del magisterio, etc., si bien presenta una idiosincrasia muy marcada e incluso contradictoria, no solo por la conocida contraposición de los gobiernos de un bienio y otro (31/33 y 34/35), sino también por las decisiones de política educativa que se toman por los mismos gobiernos de la coalición republicano-socialista. El legado de la aportación republicana es más documental que de realizaciones concretas, y tendrá mayor aplicación en el régimen político que aniquila y sucede a la República que en ella misma. La consideración de fuentes primarias (legales y documentales) fundamentan principalmente las conclusiones de esta exposición., Deaf-mute teaching during the Spanish 2nd Republic period is an issue which has never been studied in depth consideration and some of its aspects have been not even touched by any research. We could say that deaf-mute education is granted with the characteristics found in general education, at least regarding this specific stage, mainly: economic and budget thoughtful following effort by the governments, methodological renovation, modernization of the educative system, spreading of the school-net, teachers’ formation, etcetera. However it is true that we can fin a very strict-stated idiosyncrasy, which sometimes turns out to be even controversial, not only due to the opposition of different political parties in power during different 2-years periods (31/37 and 34/35), but also because of the republican-socialist governments decisions regarding educative policy. The Republican legacy consists actually much more in documentary facts than in actual realisations, and will have much more application within that political regime that follows and annihilates the Republic than within the period of the Republic itself. The consideration of primary sources (both legal and documental) is the base that supports the final conclusions that are provided by means of this exposition.

[ES] Las Misiones Pedagógicas fueron, sin lugar a dudas, una de las iniciativas con las que el Gobierno de la Segunda República mostró sus mejores intenciones de transformar el tejido social de la nación. Gracias a ellas, muchos españoles de las zonas rurales vieron por primera vez cine y teatro, escucharon música clásica, o tuvieron contacto directo con el mundo de la literatura y el arte. Estas Misiones, encargadas de difundir la cultura entre las generaciones adultas del mundo rural, constituyeron un intento de regeneración social y cultural de vasto alcance, llegando a muy diversas zonas deprimidas del país. La provincia de Salamanca fue, como muchas otras, testigo de esta experiencia. Analizar cuál fue el trabajo de los misioneros en estas tierras es el objetivo fundamental de este artículo. El Museo del Pueblo, el Teatro y Coro, las bibliotecas circulantes… iniciativas éstas que sin duda dejaron el fermento de toda una filosofía, la del pensamiento educativo del maestro Cossío., [EN] Pedagogical Missions was the name given to one the initiatives of the Spanish Second Republic’s government aimed at transforming the social fabric of the country. For the first time, thanks to these Missions, many Spaniards from rural areas were able to go to the movies, theatre, listen to classical music or gain access to art and literature. These Missions, whose objective was to disseminate culture among adults from rural areas, represented a far-reaching attempt at social and cultural regeneration, and they were taken to several of Spain’s most depressed rural areas, including those in the province of Salamanca. The main objective of this paper is to analyse the type of work carried out by the team that operated in the province of Salamanca. The People’s Museum, the Theatre and the Choir, the traveling libraries … were all initiatives that sowed the seeds of a real philosophy, that of master Cossío., Pedagogical Missions was the name given to one the initiatives of the Spanish Second Republic’s government aimed at transforming the social fabric of the country. For the first time, thanks to these Missions, many Spaniards from rural areas were able to go to the movies, theatre, listen to classical music or gain access to art and literature. These Missions, whose objective was to disseminate culture among adults from rural areas, represented a far-reaching attempt at social and cultural regeneration, and they were taken to several of Spain’s most depressed rural areas, including those in the province of Salamanca. The main objective of this paper is to analyse the type of work carried out by the team that operated in the province of Salamanca. The People’s Museum, the Theatre and the Choir, the traveling libraries … were all initiatives that sowed the seeds of a real philosophy, that of master Cossío.

[ES] La política educativa de la II República dio prioridad absoluta a la construcción de escuelas de Primera Enseñanza allí donde más necesarias resultasen. Si bien no era una empresa fácil, la voluntad y el esfuerzo vertido por el nuevo gobierno, así como la inquietud de superación y mejora para el pueblo que muestran ciertos municipios hacen de esta labor un verdadero alegato a la equidad. Con el presente artículo pretendemos dar a conocer el desarrollo de las construcciones escolares que se emprendieron en el País Vasco durante el transcurso de estos años. En el mismo realizamos un análisis cuantitativo de las escuelas que se crearon en cada una de las tres provincias vascas, así como la tipología de los centros y la forma de construcción. Constituye, por tanto, un acercamiento más a la ingente labor que en este breve período de tiempo tuvo lugar en beneficio de la educación de todos los ciudadanos. Hemos pretendido con este estudio acercarnos una vez más a una cuestión educativa a la que el sistema político republicano concedió la importancia que hoy día nadie niega., [EN] The Educational policy of the second Republic gave absolutely priority to the building of schools for elementary education where they were more needed. Although it wasn't an easy enterprise, the wish and the effort shown for the new government, as well as the worry of improvement and excelling for the people shown by some town councils, make of this labour a truely claim to equity. The present article tries to show the development of the school building that were undertaken in the Basque Country during these years. This work makes a quantitative analysis of the three Basque Provinces as well as the typology of the centres and their construction. This work is also a way to approach a little more to the huge labour that was made in such a short period of time in benefit of the education of all citizens. We have tried with this work to approach once more an educational question which the political system of the Republic conceded the importance that nowadays nobody can deny.