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Marx undertook a thorough study on capitalist society; however, at present his contribution to understanding this society has been questioned, mainly due the collapse of real socialism. This article supports the theory that the objective of Marx's work was to understand capitalist society and its functioning. Even current topics such as environmental issues, the main object of this article, can be debated through the guidelines of the critical-dialectical thought. Nature has been a target of the most varied speeches. Sustainability, of which the discussion is promoted by the UN, aims to guide the social processes that fight the current environmental devastation. This paper will examine this argument and propose challenges, supported in the mentioned author. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]