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We explored hospitalization patterns and the clinical and individual characteristics of a large cohort of patients who underwent involuntary psychiatric hospitalization in Brazil (n=64,685).Data were collected from the District Attorney's Office of the State of São Paulo (Ministério Público do Estado de São Paulo) on all involuntary psychiatric hospitalizations in the city of São Paulo between January 2003 and February 2020. The annual involuntary psychiatric hospitalization rate was calculated and descriptive statistics of the characteristics were produced.Involuntary psychiatric hospitalizations increased from 5.8 to 25.5 per 100,000 population, with an eight-folder increase in the first 10-year period (2003-2013). The majority of admissions were to public institutions (86.6%), involved a psychotic disorder in the primary diagnosis (26.1%), involved more than one diagnosis (83.7%), and lasted less than 7 days (52.4%). The majority of the patients were aged 18 to 39 years and were single, and readmission was relatively common (13%). Although the reason for admission was missing in many reports (44%), the risk of harm to self or others was the most common (68.5%).This is one of the largest cohorts of involuntary psychiatric hospitalization records ever explored. These findings build upon existing international evidence about involuntary psychiatric hospitalizations and show recent trends in admission rates in the largest city in Brazil.

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq) Objective: To compare intimate partner violence (IPV) prevalence rates in 2006 and 2012 in a nationally representative household sample in Brazil. The associations between IPV and substance use were also investigated. Methods: IPV was assessed using the Conflict Tactic Scale-R in two waves (2006/2012) of the Brazilian Alcohol and Drugs Survey. Weighted prevalence rates and adjusted logistic regression models were calculated. Results: Prevalence rates of IPV victimization decreased significantly, especially among women (8.8 to 6.3%). The rates of IPV perpetration also decreased significantly (10.6 to 8.4% for the overall sample and 9.2 to 6.1% in men), as well as the rates of bidirectional violence (by individuals who were simultaneously victims and perpetrators of violence) (3.2 to 2.4% for the overall sample). Alcohol increased the likelihood of being a victim (odds ratio [OR] = 1.6) and perpetrator (OR = 2.4) of IPV. Use of illicit drugs increased up to 4.5 times the likelihood of being a perpetrator. Conclusions: In spite of the significant reduction in most types of IPV between 2006 and 2012, violence perpetrated by women was not significantly reduced, and the current national rates are still high. Further, this study suggests that use of alcohol and other psychoactive drugs plays a major role in IPV. Prevention initiatives must take drug misuse into consideration. Univ Fed Sao Paulo, Dept Psiquiatria, Inst Nacl Ciencia & Tecnol Polit Publ Alcool & Ou, Rua Borges Lagoa 570,Sala 82, BR-04038000 Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil Univ Fed Espirito Santo, Vitoria, ES, Brazil|Pacific Inst Res & Evaluat, Prevent Res Ctr, Calverton, MD USA Univ Fed Sao Paulo, Dept Psiquiatria, Inst Nacl Ciencia & Tecnol Polit Publ Alcool & Ou, Rua Borges Lagoa 570,Sala 82, BR-04038000 Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil Web of Science

A sociedade brasileira arca, atualmente, com um elevado custo econômico frente aos problemas decorrentes do uso abusivo de álcool. No Brasil, estudos econômicos relacionados ao abuso e/ou dependência química são escassos ou inexistentes, embora exista uma grande limitação de recursos e enormes problemas de saúde decorrentes. Este artigo tem como objetivo introduzir aos profissionais da saúde conceitos fundamentais da Economia da Saúde, tais como: avaliação econômica completa e incompleta, custo da doença, comparação de custos, tipos de avaliação (custo-minimização, custo-efetividade, custo-utility e custo-benefício), pontos de vista da análise (do paciente, da Instituição de Saúde, do Ministério da Saúde ou da sociedade), tipos de custos (diretos, indiretos e intangíveis) e outros. Além disso, serão descritos alguns dados de pesquisas sobre o impacto do consumo de álcool na sociedade brasileira. Não pretendemos esgotar os assuntos tratados, mas sim, enfatizar a necessidade de pesquisas nacionais que aliem a avaliação econômica à dependência alcoólica, tendo por finalidade propiciar o maior ganho de saúde possível, com a menor utilização dos escassos recursos destinados ao sistema saúde, na busca de maior eficiência. Brazilian society bears high economic costs in view of the problems resulting from the alcohol consumption. There is a lack of economic studies into alcohol misuse or dependence in Brazil due to the limited financial resources, despite the huge health problems the country has been facing. This paper aims to introduce basic concepts of Heath Economics to health care practitioners, such as: Complete and Incomplete Economic Evaluation, Disease Costs, Cost Comparison, Types of Evaluation (cost-minimisation, cost-effectiveness, cost-utility, and cost-benefice), Point of View Analysis (from patient, health institution, Ministry of Health, or society), Types of Costs (direct, indirect and intangible), and other ones. In addition, research data on the impact of the alcohol consumption on the Brazilian society is described. We do not intend to exhaust the subjects addressed in this paper, but emphasise the need for more national researches that link the economic evaluation to the alcohol addiction issue in order to seek maximum efficiency by maximising the health care and minimising the scarce health system resources.

Este artigo visa conceituar e descrever o conceito de gerenciamento de caso clínico inicial aplicado ao tratamento de dependentes do álcool e suas principais etapas, bem como ressaltar as funções do gerente de caso, a importância do primeiro contato, averiguar a motivação para tratamento e algumas sugestões de metas e atividades para incentivar a aderência ao tratamento.

Esse é um resumo de uma reunião na qual vários especialistas, representando diversas organizações médicas e universitárias brasileiras, criaram um consenso sobre as principais políticas que deveriam ser implementadas pelos diferentes níveis de governo no Brasil. Há mais de 30 anos a OMS vem buscando um consenso internacional sobre as ações com maior potencial de trazer benefícios sociais. Essa busca trouxe duas conclusões importantes: 1) A pesquisa estabelece, sem margem à dúvida, que existem medidas de eficácia comprovada para reduzir os custos e os danos relacionados ao uso de álcool, visando ao bem comum; 2) É possível desenvolver estratégias que influenciam tanto a quantidade de álcool consumida por uma comunidade quanto os comportamentos de consumo e os contextos de alto risco causadores dos problemas relacionados ao consumo de álcool. Os objetivos deste Consenso são: 1) Tornar as evidências científicas mais acessíveis para os que elaboram políticas públicas; 2) Facilitar a avaliação das diversas estratégias disponíveis segundo critérios de efetividade, suporte científico, custo e viabilidade de transposição cultural; 3) Familiarizar o profissional de saúde, e em especial os que trabalham em saúde mental, sobre as prioridades da política do álcool. This is the summary of a meeting where a group of experts, representing several health organizations and academic departements from different parts of Brazil, created a consensus about the main alcohol policies which should be implemented by different levels of the brazilian government. The World Health Organization has been suggesting for 30 years the actions that should be implemented for the public good. Two important conclusions were reached: 1) The research establishes beyond doubt that public health measures of proven effectiveness are available to serve the public good by reducing the widespread costs and pain related to alcohol use; 2) To that end, it is appropriate to deploy responses that influence both the total amount of alcohol consumed by a population and the high-risk contexts and drinking behaviours that are so often associated with alcohol-related problems. To conceive of these intrinsically complementary approaches as contractory alternatives would be a mistake. The objectives of the consensus are: 1) To make the scientific evidences more available to the Brazilian policy makers; 2) To facilitate the evaluation of the available estrategies according their effectivity, scientific support, cost and cultural adaptability; 3) To make the brazilian health professionais familiar with the priorities of alcohol policies.

OBJETIVO: Criar uma entrevista estruturada em português, sensível à cultura brasileira, para avaliar usuários de cocaína. MÉTODO: Uma revisão da literatura foi usada para desenvolver uma "agenda oculta" que dirigiria as entrevistas exploratórias com 20 usuários de cocaína. Essas entrevistas ajudaram no processo de conceituar e operacionalizar as perguntas que seriam utilizadas na primeira versão do instrumento. Essa versão foi submetida a um estudo piloto com 40 usuários de cocaína vindos de diversos serviços de atendimento. Após cada entrevista, o questionário foi revisado até não haver modificações significativas. RESULTADOS: Na versão final da entrevista havia 245 questões que, em sua maioria, eram fechadas com respostas dicotômicas, numéricas ou de múltipla escolha. A entrevista continha 13 seções, sendo: (1) dados sociodemográficos, (2) uso de drogas lícitas, (3) uso de drogas ilícitas, (4) iniciação no uso da cocaína, (5) transições na via de administração, (6) padrão de consumo durante o período de uso mais intenso, (7) atividades criminais, (8) uso recente de cocaína, (9) história de injetar drogas, (10) experiência de tratamento, (11) "overdose", (12) história familiar do uso de álcool e drogas e (13) comportamentos de risco para a transmissão do vírus HIV. CONCLUSÃO: Essa é a primeira entrevista estruturada, detalhada e sensível à cultura brasileira criada no Brasil para avaliar usuários de cocaína, e que teve um estudo piloto extenso com uma amostra grande e diversificada.

Brazilian society bears high economic costs in view of the problems resulting from the alcohol consumption. There is a lack of economic studies into alcohol misuse or dependence in Brazil due to the limited financial resources, despite the huge health problems the country has been facing. This paper aims to introduce basic concepts of Heath Economics to health care practitioners, such as: Complete and Incomplete Economic Evaluation, Disease Costs, Cost Comparison, Types of Evaluation (cost-minimisation, cost-effectiveness, cost-utility, and cost-benefice), Point of View Analysis (from patient, health institution, Ministry of Health, or society), Types of Costs (direct, indirect and intangible), and other ones. In addition, research data on the impact of the alcohol consumption on the Brazilian society is described. We do not intend to exhaust the subjects addressed in this paper, but emphasise the need for more national researches that link the economic evaluation to the alcohol addiction issue in order to seek maximum efficiency by maximising the health care and minimising the scarce health system resources.