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【Objective】The present paper aimed to explore the research hotspots of mining wasteland reclamation and ecological restoration and analyze its trend.【Method】 Based on Web of Science core aggregate database as the data source, the research literature in the field of mining wasteland reclamation and ecological restoration from 2009 to 2019 was taken as the object of study. Based on the technology of text information visualization and Citespace, this paper introduced the latest research achievements and progress of mining wasteland reclamation and ecological restoration at home and abroad by establishing the relationship maps of cooperation characteristics and cooccurrence analysis through annual volume of papers, countries, institutions and authors. By using the methods of clustering cited documents and keyword co-occurrence analysis, this paper analyzed the research hotspots from the perspectives of scientific and technological text mining and bibliometrics, and summarized the development trend of this field in the past 10 years through the analysis of keyword co-occurrence. 【Result】 In recent years, the number of papers on mining wasteland increased year by year, more than doubling in 10 years. China’s research in the field of mining wasteland reclamation and ecological restoration was at a relatively advanced level. The contribution rate and centrality of the research papers were the first and third research fields, which were gradually becoming disciplinary, institutionalized and systematized, and tending to be perfect. Reclamation and land reclamation were the most frequent occurrences. The frequency of land, forest and climate change has increased significantly, which has gradually formed a new branch of research. 【Conclusion】 The research of mining wasteland reclamation and ecological restoration could be divided into two stages. From 2009 to 2015, the main focus was on the physical field, mainly from different land cover changes, accumulation density and plant population, etc. From 2016 to 2019, the main focus was on mining engineering, and related research was carried out on mining activities and the impact of mining wasteland on the surrounding areas. The research results can provide references for the development of mining wasteland reclamation and ecological restoration and the improvement of scientific research system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to deal with the systematic classification of a genus of Crabronidae Belomicrus A.Costa.,from Inner Mongolia,China.【Method】Based on extensive collection of specimens and refer to the existed literature,using the methods of comparative morphology,the systematics of a genus of Belomicrus from Inner Mongolia,China,were described in this paper.【Result】This paper dealed with the systematics of two new record species,Belomicrus kaszabi Tsuneki.,Belomicrus shatalkini Antropov.,and a genus of Belomicrus,were described in this paper.A key of the species of the Belomicrus from China was provided.The type specimen of the new species was deposited in the Insect Collections of Yunnan Agricultural University.【Conclusion】The new record genus of Belomicrus are all distributed in Inner Mongoliaarea of our country,and it has not been found in other areas.It needs to be studied in further. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】In order to provide a theoretical basis for the increase of yield and output value of tea and the nutrient absorption of big-leaf tea species in modern tea garden,this paper studied the effects of optimized fertilization technology on the quality of tea in modern tea garden of Pu’er.【Method】In this paper,‘Yunkang14’,an excellent tea variety,was used as the test material,and the plot experiment was carried out with treatment 1(no fertilization,CK),treatment 2(conventional fertilization),and treatment 3(Formula fertilization) and treatment 4(Optimized formula fertilization).The treatment 3 and treatment 4 had the same amount of fertilizer applied,but different fertilization methods.【Result】The accumulation of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium in the new shoots of tea tree in treatment 4 were significantly higher than those in other treatments.The contents of phosphorus and potassium in tea shoots were significantly higher than other treatments; the agronomic efficiency of treatment 4 was 9.58 kg/kg for nitrogen fertilizer,22.99 kg/kg for phosphate fertilizer and 28.74 kg/kg for potash fertilizer,respectively,and their partial productivity was 23.14,55.54 and 69.42 kg/kg respectively.Compared with treatment 2 and treatment 3,the 100-bud weight of treatment 4 increased by 12.74 % and 2.06 %,the germination density increased by 10.84 % and 1.14 %,the fresh leaf yield increased by 15.71 % and 3.98 %,and the output value increased by 28 135 and 3224 yuan/hm2,respectively.【Conclusion】In the field experiment,the optimized fertilization technology can significantly improve the tea yield,output value and nutrient uptake of Pu’er modern tea garden.It is suggested to promote the optimized fertilization technology in Pu’er modern tea garden tea production [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】This paper aimed to explore the application of nut phenotypic traits in identification of walnut Germplasm.【Method】The data collection was carried on the nut phenotypic traits of 52 Xinjiang walnut germplasms,which was made by cluster analysis and clustering sharpness tests to build heat maps.Based on the association of phenotypic traits with germplasm,a multivariate regression tree was constructed to quantify the minimum nut phenotypic traits required for the identification of the tested walnut germplasm.【Result】The variation types of quantitative and quantitative characters of 52 tested walnut germplasm nuts were rich.Cluster analysis and clustering sharpness tests showed that the tested germplasms were divided into 20 categories,heat maps intuitively showed the distribution of the nut phenotypic traits,and multiple regression trees showed that the 15 nut phenotypic traits could distinguish 52 accessions.【Conclusion】The diversity of the tested walnut germplasm is abundant,including the mass of single nut,fruit shape,core shell thickness,ridge distribution,ridge width,ridge projection and out Ren rate is an important index trait in germplasm identification,which can provide a basic data for basic theoretical research and breeding research of walnut germplasm resources.At the same time,the application of R language in the statistical analysis of this paper provides a new data analysis method for the study of walnut plant morphology and genetic variation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】The present paper aimed to a small harvester that meets the noise requirements for the large vibration and high noise of the domestic small-scale harvester during the harvesting operation, and test and analyze the noise of the harvester. 【Method】According to the noise transmission path control principle, the noise reduction design of the key parts of the harvester is combined with the sound intensity test technology and the noise source separation and recognition technology to analyze the sound intensity distribution of the left, right and rear sides of the harvester and the rotating parts and the effect on the driver’s ear side noise. 【Result】The sound intensity of the harvester was mainly located at the position of the exiting drum, engine exhaust port, fan, conveying screw, etc., and the main noise frequency of the rear side sound intensity of the harvester was 225 Hz; the driver’s ear was operated when the working parts of the harvester were running. The main noise frequency of the side noise was different. When the engine was only running with a fan, the maximum sound pressure was 73.7 dB(A), which was 4.2 dB(A) larger than the noise of the conveyor only. This indicates that the fan has a greater influence on the noise of the threshing system. 【Conclusion】The total sound pressure of the ear test noise of the small harvester designed in this paper is 90.9 dB(A), which meets the requirements of the harvester noise limit of 95 dB(A). This study provides a technical reference for noise reduction design and noise source identification of small harvesters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The present paper aimed tl Exolease I(EX01) is a ultifunctionnal3’→5’exolease that was mainly used to digest single-stranded segments in double-stated DNA or RNA samples.Most of existing conimercialized EXO1 are induced from Escherichia coli.But low expression level and complex purification steps limit its application. The present paper aimed to synthesize sbcB gene, highly express in E.coli and purify the expressed product. [Method] The sbcB gene was synthesized by overlapping PCR and overexpressed by pET-30 a system in E.coli BL21(DE3), which was induced by IPTG, and the expression conditions were optimized to obtain the high expression of EXO1. The recombinant protein was purified by affinity chromatography and the enzyme activity was studide. [Result] The product EXO1 was consistent with the predicted 54.5 KD. Further functional verification also showed that EXO1 can digest single chains but can not digest double chains. The enzyme activity of purified interest protein was well. [Conclusion] EXO1 prepared by this method showed high yield, high purity, and was suitable for pre-treatment of PCR products in laboratory-sequencing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】The present paper aimed to explain the changes of hydrothermal resources in the growth period of foxtail millet and maize in Heilongjiang region, and to provide theoretical basis for crop safety production.【Method】Based on the daily weather data from 1957 to 2013 in Raoyang County and Penman-Monteith formula, precipitation anomaly percentage and growth length day（GDD）, this paper analyzed the changes of hydrothermal resources in Raoyang County from June to September.【Result】（i） The size of ET0 was June > July > August > September, and the climatic tendency rates were-5.85,-1.96,-2.59 and-1.46 mm 10 a-1, respectively. The decrease of ET0 in different months was affected by different ten days, June was mainly affected by mid-late days, July was affected by mid-late days, August and September were affected by early and mid-late days, respectively.（ii） The frequency of drought from June to September was 33.33 %, 19.30 %, 31.58 % and 38.6 % respectively. Light drought was dominant in June and July, light drought was dominant in August and moderate drought was dominant in September.（iii）From June to September, the growth degree days were 459.58, 516.49, 470.40 and 301.64 ℃·d, respectively. The climatic tendency rates were 1.19, 3.28, 0.46 and 3.10 ℃·10 a-1, respectively. The increase of growth duration in June and August was affected by the first and middle ten days, July by the first and second ten days, and September by all stages, with the greatest increase in the latter ten days. 【Conclusion】In the future interannual changes, for crops such as millet and maize growing in Heilonggang from June to September, the heat resources were abundant and increasing, but the drought risk will increase in July and August. Therefore, in agricultural production, we should improve the irrigation system in July and August, and strengthen the measures of water conservation and drought resistance in this stage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】 The present paper aimed to study how the project named ‘Sericulture Moving from East to West’ affect the supply-side structural reform of the sericulture industry. 【Method】the changes of mulberry fields in different provinces 10 years before and after the implementation of the policy(from 1996 to 2016) were analyzed. Also, combined with natural, social, economic data from 1999 to 2016, this paper explored spatial structure characteristics and driven forces of mulberry area changes using spatial analysis and mathematical statistics. 【Result】(i) The area of mulberry fields in the eastern China decreased linearly, 16482.81 ha every year, with-4.94 % since dynamic degree, since 2006 the year implementing moving sericulture production area from the east to west policy, while the area of mulberry fields increased linearly, with 7924.69 ha every year and 1.96 % dynamic degree in ten years;(ii) The spatial model revealed that from 1996 to 2016, the center of mulberry field transferred from north to south, with a clear trend of diverting to the southwestern part of China;(iii) Principal component analysis and stepwise regression analysis demonstrated that natural, population and economy, as three major driving forces had significant impact on the area change of mulberry fields. Here, natural factor was the annual rainfall. Population factor included the number of people aged from 15 to 64, and the number of people old than 65. Economic factor was the value of secondary industry. 【Conclusion】Under the combined driving of policy guidance, natural conditions, population structure and economic development, the spatial and temporal pattern of mulberry plantation area in China has changed significantly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] Human microplasminogen is a peptide chain consisted of 261 amino acids, located in 549 —790 of human plasminogen and containing plasminogen active region. Alter being activated, it has fibrinolytic activity to degrade fibrin. This paper aims to optimize the expression of human microplasminogen cDNA in Pichia past oris. [Method] The amino acid sequence of human plasminogen was obtained from NCBI according to the principle of codon preference of Pichia pastoris, the corresponding DNA sequence was designed and then synthesized, and it was cloned into the expression vector pPICZαA to obtain one copy expression unit in pPICZαA-mPlg. The expression unit of human plasminogen was obtained by double enzyme digestion of positive expression plasmid, pPICZαA-mPlg, and final a 4-copy (expression u-nit) pPICZ a-mplg was constructed in pPICZαA. The 4 copys expression plasmid was linearized by single enzyme digestion, and was transformed into Pichia pastor'is SMD1168 by electroporation. The positive colony was screened bv phenotype and PCR. The screened genetic engineering Pichia past oris was induced with methyl alcohol, the molecular weight and activity was detected by SDS-PAGE and ehromogenie substrate assay, respectively. The yield of human microplasminogen was increased by optimizing fermentation and Sp-sepharose fast flow gel chromatography was used to purify the target protein. [Result] The human microplasminogen band was observed from SDS-PAGE gel and the plasmin activity was 90 11/mb. [Conclusion]This paper paves the way for subsequent large scale expression of human microplasminogen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The purpose of this paper is to provide scientific basis for better protection of Ottelia acuminata and its sustainable utilization. [Method] Based on detailed investigation into its survival status and resources combining with the ways of land survey, analysis of life-type composition and regional components of vascular plants competing with the living space and nutrients of Ottelia acuminata was carried out in this paper. [Result] The resulLs showed that there were 27 families of vascular plants including 47 genera and 76 species in the distribution areas of Ottelia acuminata. Three types were classified according to their lifestyle and ecological types, 14 genera including 32 species were submerged plants, and 26 species of 20 genera and 18 species of 13 genera were aquatic and floating plants, respectively. From the view of composition of zone, 33 species were composed of 4 families with five or more categories each, belonging to dominant taxa of a-quatic vascular plants of Ottelia acuminata, taking up43.42% of total species. The geographical composition of the flora was complex and various. Families in this flora could be divided into 3 distribution types and 1 variant type, and there are 22 families in the world distribution type, 3 families in the tropical type and 2 families in temperate type. Genera could be classified into 9 distribution types and 2 variant types, and there were 20 genera in the world distribution type, 12 and 14 genera in the tropical and the temperate types, respectively. Species could be divided into 1 1 distribution types and 2 variant types, and there were 26 species in the world distribution type, 19 species in the tropical one and 24 species in the temperate one. Five species were endemic in China, but no endemic genera exist. [Conclusion] The geographical composition of genera and species reflects the nature of transition from tropical to temperate zones, the distribution of cos cosmopolitan, pantropics, old world tropics ami north temperate zone strongly influences the vascular flora of Ottelia acuminate population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] Cytochrome P450(CYP450) is an important key enzyme in the metabolism of triterpene saponins in plants. The paper aimed to investigate the protein characteristics and phylogenetics of CYP450. [Method] From the published papers and NCBI database the sequences of CYP450 were collected. and five bioinformatics tools. including ProtParam. ORFfinder. SignalP4. 1. SOPMA. CDD and MEGA6. 0. were used to analyze the physical and chemical properties. ORFs. signal peptides. secondary structures. conserved domains and evolutionary relationships. respectively. [Result] Totally 23 sequences of CYP450 from 21 plants were collected. and those sequences showed strong consistency in gene lengths. amino acid numbers. pI and amino acid compositions. Signal peptides were only detected in Phytolacca americana. Beta vulgaris and Capsicum annuum. Furthermore. secondary structures had significant uniformity in the 23 sequences. and α-helixes and random coils took up the majority. Most of the conserved domains belonged to P450 superfamilies. The phylogenic trees revealed that the differences were not significant among CYP450 s. [Conclusion]The protein characteristics of CYP450 s have less differences among the 23 sequences. and the evolutionary differences are also close. which hint that CYP450 s have high conservation in evolution. The paper would help our understanding on the enzyme characteristics of CYP450 and triterpene saponin metabolism in plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] This paper aimed to obtain the optimal combination of soil fertilization under mining area reclamation conditions. [Method] Based on the experimental data analysis of the effects of biochemical composition, biodiversity and maize biological characteristics of reclaimed land in mining area under different fertilization modes, a fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP) system based on the entropy weight method was constructed to calculate the soil fertilization effect index as the strain variable, and the index as the strain variable, and the regression fitting prediction model with chemical fertilizer coding and biological fertilizer as independent variable was established. [Result] The index of soil reclamation effect of combined application of bio-organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer was higher than that of single application of chemical fertilizer S and biological fertilizer S. When the amount of chemical fertilizer was 220.15 kg/hm2,the amount of biological fertilizer was 2080.15 kg/hm2 , and the index of soil reclamation effect could reach the maximum value of 0. 9909. [Conclusion] The comprehensive evaluation system and prediction model of soil reclamation effect in mining area proposed in this paper are of high reliability and have certain guiding effect on practical production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective]This paper aimed to evaluate soil quality objectively and accurately by scientific evaluation methods, which could provide references for preventing soil degradation and improving soil quality in rocky desertification areas. [Method] Taking the rocky desertification area of Hefeng county in Hubei province as the research object, 18 soil attribute indexes of physical, chemical and biological properties of soil were determined comprehensively. The minimum data set of evaluation indexes was determined by principal component analysis and correlation analysis. The weighted values of evaluation indexes were determined by entropy weight method, and the weighted correlation values were calculated by grey correlation analysis method. [Result] According to the ranking of the weighted correlation degree, the order of soil quality in the study area was Xiaping > Zhongying > Swallow > Wuli > Walking Horse. According to the standard table of soil quality evaluation, the grade of soil quality in Xiaping was grade II, Zhongying was grade III, Swallow and Wuli were grade IV , Walking Horse was grade V, and the overall soil quality in the study area was of grade V and consistent with local situation. [Conclusion] The method in this paper can objectively and impartially evaluate soil quality and is simple in calculation and clear in thinking, which provides a new attempt for soil quality evaluation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】The present paper aimed to prepare a monoclonal antibody against O,O-diethyl organophosphorus pesticides (DPPs) and establish an indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ic-ELISA), so as to provide technological support for rapid detection of organophosphorus pesticide residues.【Method】Compound (E)-3-[4- (diethoxyphosphorothioyloxy) phenyl] acrylic acid was used as hapten to make antigen. Immunized mice were screened to prepare monoclonal cell lines that stably secreted antibodies that recognized DPPs. The positive rate and recognition rate of the fusion cell lines were evaluated and the monoclonal cell lines stably secreting antibodies against DPPs were screened. Then, the best concentration combination of antigen and antibody was selected, and the standard curve of ic-ELISA was established. Based on the cross-reactivity rate of the antibody with 6 DPPs, the broad-spectrum of ic-ELISA was evaluated. The cross reaction between the antibody and quinalphos was the strongest, thus the addition and recovery test of quinalphos was carried out on citrus and fresh orange samples.【Result】Artificial antigens were synthesized successfully, including coating antigen DPPs-OVA and immune antigen DPPs-BSA. Sensitive and broad-spectrum cell line 5G8 was obtained by limited dilution method. 0.5 μg/mL coating antigen DPPs-OVA and 1.0 μg/mL antibody 5G82D5 made up the best working concentration combination. Parathion, a pesticide with high antibody recognition rate in this cell line screening, was selected as the inhibition standard, and its ic-ELISA and standard curve were established. The half inhibitory concentration (IC50) was 41.78 ng/mL, and the detection range(IC20-IC80) was 3.21-239.59 ng/mL. The established ic-ELISA showed varying degrees of cross reactions with 5 DPPs (coumaphos, quinalphos, phorate, methyl parathion and fenthion). The cross-reactivity rate of quinalphos was the highest, which was 19.79%. The recoveries of quinalphos in citrus and orange samples by ic-ELISA and GC were compared. The recoveries of ic-ELISA ranged from 75.80% to 116.12%,while the recoveries of GC ranged from 92.5% to 115.00%. The results of the two methods are in good agreement.【Conclusion】The established ic-ELISA has high cross-validation accuracy by GC method and can rapidly detect quetiapine residues in agricultural products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】The present paper aimed to study the effects of optimized fan frequency and different tobacco density on the temperature difference in the curing barn, changes in tobacco leaves and the quality of cured tobacco, and further determine the applicability of optimized fan frequency in the curing process. 【Method】Two factors of fan frequency and smoke density were set to track the changes of the three smoke density during the process of optimizing the fan frequency and the quality of the cured tobacco during the whole process, and conduct a comparative analysis in combination with the conventional full process of 50 Hz. 【Result】In terms of temperature difference in the roasting barn, as the baking progresses, the temperature difference basically followed the change rule of the main water loss stage>the late stage>the main yellowing stage>the preheating stage, and the optimization of the fan frequency reduces the temperature difference in the roasting barn. In terms of tobacco leaf changes, the unevenness of leaf temperature was D2Y>D1Y>D3Y>D2C; L* value and b* value first increase and then decrease, L* values of D2C and D1Y were always higher than that of D2Y and D3Y; a* value gradually increased with the change of the state, and there was no obvious difference between different treatments; The overall contraction of the optimized fan frequency was good, and the water loss form of D2Y tobacco was the best. In terms of quality of cured tobacco leaves, compared with D2C, D1Y, D2Y and D3Y had significant differences in appearance quality, chemical composition, sensory evaluation and comprehensive score (P<0.05), and D2Y had the highest score. 【Conclusion】Optimizing the fan frequency can have a lower temperature difference in the curing barn under different loading densities, better tobacco leaf changes and higher quality of cured tobacco, which has strong applicability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】The present paper aimed to explore and analyze the research on forest land resources in Emin county, Xinjiang, and provide references for realizing the temporal and spatial dynamics of forest land resources. 【Method】Based on 3S technology, using Landsat satellite remote sensing images in 1988, 1998, 2007 and 2018, the distribution of forest land resources in the past 31 years was interpreted, and the temporal and spatial dynamics of forest land were analyzed. The center of gravity migration model and the transition matrix quantitatively analyzed the mutual transfer between forest land and other types of ground objects, and expounded the driving force of natural and human factors on the temporal and spatial changes of forest land. 【Result】 (i) The woodland coverage rate in Emin county was relatively high, of which it was as high as 47.41% in 2018. In 31 years, the woodland area showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing, and the area of cultivated land and construction land showed a trend of first decreasing and then increasing. (ii) The mutual conversion of woodland, cultivated land, and bare soil was frequent, and the conversion rate continued to increase, the spatial diversion changed significantly, and the spatial dynamics of other types of ground objects tended to be stable. (iii) The location of the center of gravity of the forest land did not change significantly, and the migration was relatively weak. The substantial increase in construction land was mainly due to the conversion of forest land and cultivated land. The area of bare soil decreased, mainly transforming into cultivated land and woodland, while the increase of cultivated land area was mainly due to the transformation of forest land. (iv) The decrease in precipitation had directly led to the increasing drought of the land, and the gradual increase of bare soil and saline ground. At the same time, the area of water bodies has shown a downward trend, and the intensification of human activities has promoted the continuous expansion of construction land, and cultivated land and woodland. The conversion of bare land resources was frequent. 【Conclusion】By analyzing 31 years of dynamic changes in forest land resources, the study found that forest land resources have decreased, which has promoted the real-time update of forest land resource information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】The present paper aimed to explore the induction of amino-oligosaccharides resistance to Fusarium wilt of bitter gourd, so as to provide reference for improving the technology of amino-oligosaccharide-induced resistance to F. wilt.【Method】Leaves and bitter gourd seedlings were sprayed with different concentrations of amino-oligosaccharins and roots of bitter gourd seedlings were watered with different concentrations of amino-oligosaccharins. Four treatments were set: Induction without inoculation, induction with inoculation, no induction but with inoculation, no induction and no inoculation. After 15 days of treatment, activities of β-1, 3-glucanase (β-1, 3-GLU), peroxidase (POD), polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) were determined to analyze the changes of lignin, phenolic compounds and callose in the root, stem and leaf of bitter gourd, thus, exploring the induced resistance of amino-oligosaccharide to F. wilt of bitter gourd.【Result】Induction of 5% amino-oligosaccharide by foliar spray and root watering both could induct the resistance to F. wilt on bitter gourd seedlings. The disease index by 1500 times solution foliar spray with 5% amino-oligosaccharide was 30.83, 23.34 lower than that of the control (CK1), reaching the disease resistance level (R), and the induced disease resistance index was 43.09. The disease index by 1000 times solution root irrigation with 5% amino-oligosaccharide was 25.00, 59.44 lower than that of the control (CK2), reaching the disease resistance level (R), and the induced disease resistance index was 70.39. The results of ANOVA showed that the difference of inducted effect on disease resistance reached a very significant level (P<0.01,the same as below) between 5% amino-oligosaccharide and 0.5% chitosan, 6% oligosaccharide. After induction and inoculation of 5% amino-oligosaccharide, a small amount of mycelia was observed in the root system from 6 days to 14 days, while the production of mycelia was found in the control group after 2 days, a large number of mycelia appeared on 8 days, and spores were found after 14 days, indicating that the induction of amino-oligosaccharide could delay the infection time of F. oxysporum. At the same time, it could prevent the further development of mycelia and inhibit the formation of spores.【Conclusion】5% amino-oligosaccharide could make immune system work, induce the expression of disease-course-related protease activity, promote the formation of secondary metabolites, and effectively enhance the resistance of bitter gourd to F. wilt. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】The present paper aimed to clarify the variation of stigma vigor of thermo-photo sensitive genic male sterile (TPSGMS) lines and provide theoretical reference for hybrid seed production in wheat. 【Method】Four thermo-photo sensitive genic male sterile (TPSGMS) lines were used as material. The glume of the first floret blossoming was bagged and pollinated, and saturation pollination lasted for 21 days. The difference of stigma vigor of the above four TPGMS lines was evaluated based on seed setting rate of hybridization (SSRH). 【Result】There were significant differences (P<0.05） in stigma vigor among the four TPSGMS lines.The average of stigma vigor of four TPSGMS lines was the largest in K456S, followed by K64S, K78S and K43S. The stigma vigor of K64S and K456S reached the peak on the 5th day after glume-opening, while that of K78S and K43S reached the peak on the 3rd day after glume-opening. There was no significant difference in the duration of stigma vigor among four TPSGMS lines, which could last for 15 days. But there was significant difference in the duration of high stigma vigor (SSRH>80%), the result was K78S (9 days）>K64S (7 days）>K456S (5 days）>K43S (3 days). The stigma vigor of K64S in the field was significantly higher than that in the greenhouse. The increase of the highest SSRH was 17.58%, and the increase of the average SSRH was 13.83%. There was no difference in the duration of stigma vigor between two conditions, which was 17 days. The duration of high stigma vigor in the field was longer, about 2 days more than in the greenhouse, which was 9 days. 【Conclusion】 Four TPSGMS lines showed high SSRH, but the time it took to reach the highest SSRH were different, and there were significant differences in the duration of high stigma vigor, indicating that there were differences in the variation law of stigma vigor of different TPSGMS lines. Suitable temperature and humidity would help to improve the SSRH and duration of high stigma vigor, and further increase the seed setting rate of TPSGMS lines and the yield of hybrid seed production with TPSGMS lines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】The present paper aimed to clone the transcription factor gene BoWRKY10 of kale (Brassica oleracea var. acephala DC) and study the drought tolerance regulation mechanism of the gene.【Method】The gene BoWRKY10 was amplified from the cDNA of kale leaves by RT-PCR and transferred into tobacco. The expression pattern of the gene under drought stress was detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR.【Result】The survival rate of transgenic lines were significantly higher than that of non-GMO wild types (WT) after 10 days of drought. There was no obvious difference between transgenic lines (OE3, OE4 and OE6) and WT in terms of germination rate in 1/2 MS culture medium, however, in medium containing 15% PEG4000, germination rate of OE3, OE4 and OE6 were 65.9%, 75.4% and 84.3%, respectively, while the one of WT was 22.5%. In medium containing 15% PEG4000, the root length of transgenic lines was significantly higher than that of WT after 14 days. Meanwhile, ABA content, proline content, soluble sugar content, POD, CAT and SOD activities were higher, while MDA and H2O2 content were significantly lower than those of WT. The expression level of drought responsive gene in OE3, like NtSOD, NtAPX, NtCAT, NtGST, NtSPSA and NtNCED1, was significantly higher than that of WT.【Conclusion】Expression of BoWRKY10 from kale remarkably improved the tolerance of tobacco to drought stresses in which the pleiotropy could be beneficial gene resource of gene engineering about resistance to stress in plant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】The present paper aimed to evaluate the restoration effect of alpine meadows under different restoration measures in Tibetan alpine regions.【Method】In the study, the restoration effects of two common restoration measures on the alpine meadow ecosystem of Riyue Mountain were quantified and compared through field investigation and laboratory experiment on the sample plots restored by returning farmland to grassland and enclosure measures for 14 years in Riyue Mountain area.【Result】The ecological function of degraded alpine meadow ecosystem was significantly restored under the two restoration measures, and the community height and coverage were significantly restored (P<0.05) . Compared with natural grazing, the aboveground and underground biomass of the community were 62.25% and 56.65% higher under fencing measures, while 57.37% and 5.70% higher under returning farmland to grassland measures. The community composition was gradually enriched. The species richness under the enclosure measures was 26. The Shannon and Simpson diversity indexes were significantly higher than those of natural grazing plots, and 7.69% of the species in the fenced plot had an important value less than 1. Under the returning farmland to grassland plot, the species richness was 22 species. The Shannon and Simpson diversity indexes were slightly lower than those of natural grazing sample plots. The important value of 31.82% species in the community was less than 1. The community structure was optimized, and the community structure succeeded to a more efficient three-layer structure under the two restoration measures, but the species composition of each layer structure was different under the two restoration measures. The two restoration measures could improve the physical and chemical properties of soil to varying degrees, but did not reach the significance test level in many places (P>0.05), indicating that the restoration of soil lagged behind and needed a longer recovery time than that of community vegetation.【Conclusion】The ecological function of degraded grassland was restored to different degrees under the two restoration measures. The restoration time of returning farmland to grassland was longer than that of fenced enclosure, while the restoration time of 14 years for fenced enclosure was longer than the optimal period of fenced enclosure. The ultimate restoration purpose of degraded grassland is not only the restoration of ecological functions, but also the restoration of production and living functions, so as to restore the authenticity and integrity of grassland and restore degraded grassland in a true sense. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】In order to promote the construction of ecological towns in the open area along the borders of Yunnan province and strengthen the national border ecological security, the present paper evaluates the land ecological security status of Ruili city from the ecological point of view, and analyzes its main obstacles. 【Method】Based on the DPSIR model, 18 indexes were selected to construct the land ecological security evaluation index system of Ruili city. The evaluation index weights were determined by entropy weight method, and the matter-element analysis was used to quantify the land ecological security evaluation. With the aid of obstacle degree model, the obstacle factors of land ecological security in Ruili city were analyzed, and the suggestions were proposed according to pathological diagnosis. 【Result】From 2010 to 2017, the land ecological security in Ruili city included two levels, which were ‘relatively safe transformation’ and ‘ideal safe transformation’. The overall level showed an upward trend, but the comprehensive correlation was always negative, indicating that the ecological security was not stable, and stable ecological background conditions should be established to effectively protect against external disturbances. Except for the state system and the influence system, the ecological security of other subsystems changed at different levels. Therefore, the land ecological development strategy should be formulated according to the theory of systematic coordinated development, and the land ecological security level of Ruili city should be improved in an all-round way. The obstacle factors affecting the land ecological security in Ruili city mainly include GDP per capita, proportion of cultivated land area, proportion of tertiary industry, construction land area per capita, grain output per unit of cultivated land, etc. Overall development strategy should be formulated according to the main obstacles, and blind expansion of construction land should be strictly controlled to improve the quality of cultivated land while stabilizing industrial and economic development, and consolidate ecological security at national border and lay a solid foundation for constructing ecological town.【Conclusion】During the study period, the level of land ecological security in Ruili city showed an upward trend, but the status of land ecological security did not reach a stable level. Therefore, improvement measures should be put forward based on obstacle factors to promote the stable development of land ecological security, to maintain the ecological security of the border areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】The present paper aimed to explore the changes of pulp pigment content and key enzyme activities of different kiwifruit varieties during fruit development, so as to provide reference for the regulation of pulp color of kiwifruit. 【Method】Six kiwifruit varieties named as ‘Hongyang’‘Hongshi No.2’‘Hayward’‘Cuiyu’‘Jinyan’ and ‘Jinshi No.1’ were used as test materials. The changes of pulp color were observed every two days from the bud stage. Six representative periods of fruit development were selected to sample and test the contents of chlorophyll, carotenoid and anthocyanin in pulp and the activities of four key enzymes of pigment metabolism, the correlation between pigment content and enzyme activity were studied.【Result】Two red-ringed kiwifruit varieties, ‘Hongyang’ and ‘Hongshi No.2’ had shown red or light red mesocarp, and light green-white endocarp from bud stage to about 10 days after flowering, as well as red endocarp that began to appear about 55 days after flowering and became deeper as fruit develops. On the contrary, ‘Hayward’, a green-fleshed variety, had shown a little change in color of flesh during the whole development period; and ‘Jinyan’, a golden-fleshed variety, with the development of fruit, has shown the color change of flesh from dark green to light green, to light yellow, and to yellow. It was found for the first time that ‘Cuiyu’, a green-fleshed variety, and ‘Jinshi No.1’, a golden-fleshed variety, had shown the red mesocarp in the period from bud stage to 3-5 days after flowering, just like that of red-ringed variety; The chlorophyll degradation and anthocyanin accumulation in the later stage of fruit development were the main factors of going red for the red-ringed variety. However, a high chlorophyll/carotenoid ratio (≥6.0）, in the later stage of fruit development, was the main reason for showing green of the green-fleshed variety. As both the red-ringed and golden-fleshed varieties contained higher carotenoids, the latter showed the lower chlorophyll/carotenoid ratio (2.6-4.4) in early harvest period, and that may be its main reason for showing golden or deep golden; The effect of Mg-dechelatase (MDCase) was not obvious in the pigment metabolism of red-ringed and golden-fleshed varieties, but chlorophyllase, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and dihydroflavonol-4-reductase (DFR) were key enzymes regulating the pigment metabolism pathway of kiwifruit varieties with different colors of flesh. 【Conclusion】The color difference of kiwifruit pulp is not caused by the content of single pigment, but closely related to the ratio of pigments and the activities of multiple enzymes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】The present paper aimed to study the spatial-temporal characteristics and influencing factors of carbon emission from cultivated land use transformation in Heilongjiang province, in order to provide reference for achieving carbon peak and carbon neutrality.【Method】Based on the carbon emission coefficient and spatial autocorrelation analysis, the temporal and spatial differentiation characteristics of carbon emission from cultivated land use transformation in Heilongjiang province in 1990—2020 were revealed, and the influencing factors of carbon emission from cultivated land use transformation in Heilongjiang province were detected by geographical detector model.【Result】（i） The cultivated land area increased in Heilongjiang province in 1990—2020, and the conversion between cultivated land and forest land, grassland was the most significant. The carbon emission of cultivated land use transformation decreased from 1126 531 t in 1990—2000 to 125 292.3 t in 2000—2010, and then increased to 1793 129.5 t in 2010—2020. The carbon emission of cultivated land use transformation decreased first and then increased, but it was the carbon source region.（ii） The carbon emissions from cultivated land use transformation had a spatial agglomeration effect, and the hot spots moved from southwest to east and then to northwest, and from plain to hilly. The cold spot area showed a trend of extending from northwest to southeast in 1990—2020.（iii） Carbon emissions from cultivated land use transformation were mainly dominated by natural environment factors, and elevation factor had the strongest explanatory power in 1990—2020. The carbon emission from cultivated land use transformation was the result of the comprehensive effects of natural environment, social economy and policy factors. The interaction between natural environment and social economy factors was the strongest, and the interaction between natural environment and social economy factors was mainly nonlinear, and the interaction between slope and land use degree was the strongest. 【Conclusion】The spatial-temporal characteristics and influencing factors of carbon emission from cultivated land use transformation in Heilongjiang province were analyzed, which provided theoretical support for regional low-carbon sustainable utilization of cultivated land. The next research should focus on the carbon emission from the transformation of land property rights, operation mode and input and output under the hidden form of cultivated land use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】The present paper aimed to understand the difference of drought resistance among hybrid soybean varieties, thus to select drought tolerant hybrid soybean varieties.【Method】3 hybrid soybean varieties were used as experimental materials and different concentrations of PEG-6000 solution (5%,10% and 20%) hydroponic model were used to simulate drought stress in soybean seedling stage. To identify the physiological response and drought resistance of 3 hybrid soybeans, chlorophyll content, photosynthetic physiological index, osmotic regulator content and antioxidant enzyme activity of leaves in seedling stage were measured after drought stress. 【Result】With the increasing concentration of PEG-6000 solution, there were significant differences in the related drought resistance indicators of the three hybrid soybeans and the growth of soybean seedlings was gradually significantly inhibited. The chlorophyll content of soybean seedlings was detected, and it was found that with the increase of PEG-6000 solution concentration, its content showed an upward trend, the most significant being dominant Hybrid soybean-A-5. In terms of photosynthetic physiological indexes of soybean seedlings, the variation trends of net photosynthetic rate (Pn), transpiration rate (Tr), intercellular carbon dioxide concentration (Ci) and stomatal conductance (Gs) of leaves of three hybrid soybean seedlings showed significant differences. The response of different soybean varieties to drought stress under different treatment conditions was analyzed. The results showed that soybean seedlings could respond to drought stress through osmoregulation and activating antioxidant defense system was analyzed.The content of each substance changed significantly with the increase of stress degree. There were also significant differences among different varieties. The order of drought resistance of 3 hybrid soybeans was obtained by comprehensive analysis of membership function value method, Hybrid soybean-A-5> Hybrid soybean No.6>Jindou 48.【Conclusion】 The photosynthesis inhibition, osmotic adjustment and antioxidant enzyme activities could respond to drought stress of 3 hybrid soybeans. The Hybrid soybean-A-5 can be used as a demonstration of drought resistant hybrid soybean to promotion and demonstration in Huanghuaihai Area. It also provides an important reference for drought resistant breeding of hybrid soybean in later stage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】The present paper aimed to analyze the expression differences of ZmGly1 gene in different tissues in responsive to drought and high temperature stress, so as to find out its possible role in heat and drought tolerance, and finally to provide useful genetic resources for the upcoming breeding of maize varieties with higher stress tolerance.【Method】The structure, physicochemical properties and genetic relationship of ZmGly1 protein were explored using bioinformatics software such as DNAMAN 8.0, ProtParam tool, MEGA 7.0. The transcript levels of ZmGly1 was performed using qRT-PCR method.【Result】ZmGly1 was composed of 222 amino acids with a theoretical molecular weight of 24.98 kD and an isoelectric point of 6.6. The total number of amino acid residues with negative charges（Asp + Glu） and residues with positive charges（Arg + Lys） was 30 and 29, respectively. The hydrophobic coefficient was 0.448, suggesting that it was a hydrophilic protein. ZmGly1 was not a transmembrane protein and contained a Zn2+ metal binding site on the A chain and B chain, located at Gln68,Glu134 and His162,Glu208, respectively. The phylogenetic tree analysis demonstrated that ZmGly1 and SbGly1 had the highest sequence identity（92.51%）, indicating that they were closely related to each other. The qRT-PCR analysis exhibited that the transcript levels of ZmGly1 was the highest in leaves, but relatively low in roots and stems. Compared with the control, the expression pattern of ZmGly1 in the leaves under drought treatment showed a tendency of first increasing and then decreasing, while under high temperature treatment a tendency of first decreasing, then increasing and finally decreasing with the extension of time. 【Conclusion】ZmGly1 is a Zn2+ enzyme, which is closely related to SbGly1. ZmGly1 participates in the stress response of plant to drought and high temperature. The study lays the foundation for the in-depth analysis of its biological functions in the near future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】 Taking Aksu region in Xinjiang as the research object, the paper aimed to discuss the land use change in Aksu region in the future 2030. 【Method】The plus model was used to simulate the land use in Aksu region under three different scenarios, namely natural development scenario, economic development scenario and ecological protection scenario, revealing the future land use situation in Aksu region in 2030. Then, under the extreme development conditions of the above three scenarios, the study tried to use the mop model to put forward the sustainable development scenario, and optimized the spatial structure of multiple scenarios on the regional scale. 【Result】In the natural development scenario of Aksu region in 2030, the increase of cultivated land and bare land will be the main way of land conversion. The conversion between cultivated land, grassland, artificial surface and bare land will be the main way of land conversion under the natural development scenario. Except for the stability of shrubland and glacier, the area of forest land, grassland, wetland, water body and artificial surface will decrease. The setting of economic development scenario was to make the rapid expansion of cultivated land and artificial surface reached the goal of optimal economic benefits. Cultivated land was mainly transformed from a large number of grasslands and bare land, while the increase of artificial surface was transformed from cultivated land, bare land, grassland, forest land and water. The added value of cultivated land and artificial surface under this scenario was the first in the three simulation scenarios. The purpose of the ecological protection scenario was to protect the ecological land in Aksu region. The ecological land under this scenario had the highest added value compared with the first two scenarios. The sustainable development scenario proposed on this basis was a trade-off between the above three scenarios, that was, an optimal land use allocation scheme. 【Conclusion】The future land use pattern can not be developed only by a single indicator, and sustainable land use can only be achieved by balancing economic, ecological and other factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】The present paper aimed to analyze the spatio-temporal evolution and trend of arable land utilization transformation in China, and to provide a theoretical reference for the transformation and protection of arable land utilization. 【Method】The transformation of arable land utilization, mutation point and spatio-temporal evolution were explored by entropy value method, temporal mutation point test and coupling coordination degree model. 【Result】From the perspective of time, the transformation index of cultivated land utilization transformation space, function and model in various provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities in China was generally low but continued to grow, and the transformation and development of arable land utilization was slow and low. Before 2010, in addition to Tianjin, Shanghai, Zhejiang, Fujian, Shaanxi and Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, the comprehensive transformation of arable land utilization in various provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities in China was initially realized, but the transformation index was low, and there was still much room for improvement. From a spatial point of view, the transformation of arable land utilization in China has basically formed a spatial pattern in which the high-value areas mainly in the eastern region and the low-value areas in the western region as the core coexist, and the spatial migration of arable land utilization transformation showed a northeast-southwest transfer pattern, and the regional differences were obvious. The three subsystems of arable land utilization transformation space, function and mode were well coupled, but the imbalance phenomenon was becoming increasingly prominent. Overall, the transformation and development potential of arable land utilization was large, the three promoted each other, and the coupling coordination degree had a trend of ‘westward’ transfer in space, and there was a certain unbalanced trend. 【Conclusion】The transformation of arable land use showed a trend of ‘westward shift’ in space and time, and the three major subsystems of the transformation of arable land use were well coupled, but the phenomenon of dysfunction was increasingly prominent, and there was a certain degree of unevenness. Therefore, the development strategy of diversity, differentiation and regulation from the developed areas in the east to the traditional agricultural areas in the west should be implemented, to strengthen the linkage and coordination role between the 3 subsystems of spatial, functional and modal transformation of arable land use, activate factors related to agricultural development, promote the modernization of agriculture, and then achieve high-quality utilization of arable land. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】The present paper aimed to promote the effective utilization of agricultural waste resources, to find suitable materials to replace peat and reduce the damage of waste to local ecology, the mixed matrix with different proportions of cattle manure and mushroom residue adding vermiculate and perlite was made to investigate the effects of mixed matrix on the properties, the growth of cucumber seedling and cost.【Method】A total of 7 treatments were set up, in which vermiculite and perlite each accounted for 10% by volume, mushroom residue and cattle manure accounted for 80% totally by volume, and the volume ratio of mushroom residue to cattle manure of T1-T7 were 1∶7, 2∶6, 3∶5, 4∶4, 5∶3, 6∶2 and 7∶1, using commercial substrate as contrast, the seedlings were randomly distributed and each treatment was repeated 3 times.【Result】 The physicochemical properties of the mixed matrix differed with the mushroom residue to cattle manure ratio, but all were in the suitable range of cucumber seedling growth.With the decreasing of cattle manure content and the increasing of mushroom residue content, the permeability, gas to water ratio and pH of the substrate increased, and the EC value decreased, and the contents of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium increased firstly and then decreased; The stem diameter, dry weight and fresh weight of underground and root-shoot ratio of seedlings, root activity and chlorophyll content of seedlings increased significantly on the mixed matrix T1-T7.It saved 20-80 yuan per ton for mixed matrix of different proportions comparing with commercial substrate.【Conclusion】The results of grey relational analysis shows that T6-T7 ware more suitable for cucumber seedling cultivation, which can lay a foundation for rational utilization of agricultural waste, and help reduce the use of non-renewable resources such as peat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】The present paper aimed to explore the physiological mechanism of kiwifruit pulp colour difference, so as to provide a reference for kiwifruit pulp colour directional breeding. 【Method】Six main kiwifruit varieties in Sichuan province were used as tested materials, the representative periods of fruit development were selected, and the contents of soluble solids, dry matter, total acid, Vc, soluble protein, soluble starch, total phenols, flavonoids and main pigments, as well as the scavenging rates of ABTS free radical, DPPH free radical and hydroxyl free radical were tested, meanwhile the changes of main physiological indexes and their correlation with pulp colour were studied. 【Result】The changes of main physiological indexes of different varieties in fruit development period basically tended to be the same, ‘Hongshi 2’ and ‘Jinshi 1’ maintained high contents of total phenol, Vc and total acid during the whole fruit development period and were significantly higher than the other four varieties in DPPH, ABTS and hydroxyl radical scavenging capacity. In the early stage of fruit harvest, the dry matter content of ‘Hongyang’ was significantly higher than that of the other five varieties, the acid content was the lowest, and the soluble protein content of ‘Cuiyu’ was the highest. It was shown in the results of the analysis on the correlation between physiological index and pigment content that the flavonoid content was significantly or extremely significantly positively-correlated with the pigment content in kiwifruits of different varieties, the hydroxyl radical scavenging rate, vitamin C content and titratable acid content were significantly or extremely significantly negatively-correlated with the pigment content in kiwifruits of several varieties, and the scavenging rates of DPPH and ABTS free radicals, as well as the contents of dry matter, total soluble solid, soluble starch and soluble protein were not consistently correlated with the pigment content in kiwifruits of different varieties. 【Conclusion】There is a significant correlation between the color difference of kiwifruit pulp and some physiological indexes. When breeding, the parent configuration combination matching the target characters can be selected through the test of physiological indexes related to the color of parent pulp. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】The present paper aimed to explore the differences of salt-tolerance ability of different sainfoin materials, screen the salt tolerant and salt sensitive materials and the key indicators of salt tolerance evaluation, so as to provide new materials for the breeding of new varieties of good salt tolerant sainfoin. 【Method】The effects of different concentrations（0%, 0. 4%, 0. 8%, 1. 2%） of NaCl stress on the morphological and physiological indexes of sainfoin seedlings at home and abroad were studied. 【Result】With the increase of NaCl concentration, the plant height, aboveground fresh weight and root diameter of nine sainfoin materials decreased continuously; The underground fresh weight, root volume, root surface area, root length and root tip number were increasing. Plants consumed energy and organic matter to support roots to absorb water and nutrients, and the distribution pattern of biomass has been changed. Soluble sugar and catalase in roots decreased continuously; Peroxidase, malondialdehyde, proline, catalase, soluble protein and superoxide dismutase in leaves and roots increased continuously; Leaf soluble sugar, soluble protein, superoxide dismutase and root proline increased first and then decreased. Excessive salt caused osmotic stress and membrane lipid peroxidation, which made plants grow slowly. Na+ in leaves and roots increased continuously; K+ and K+/Na+ decreased continuously, and the steady-state balance of K+ and Na+ in plants was broken, resulting in ionic toxicity. The above ground fresh weight, proline, peroxidase, root surface area and soluble protein were closely related to the salt resistance of nine materials by the principal component analysis. The order of salt resistance was 9860>9977>O. viciaefolia ‘Gansu’>6>7456>5>9155>O. viciaefolia ‘Mengnong’>1 based on membership function analysis. 【Conclusion】Cluster analysis showed that 9860 and 9977 had strong salt resistance; O. viciaefolia ‘Mengnong’ and material 1 had the weakest salt tolerance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】The present paper aimed to obstain Bacillus mucilaginosus from the rhizosphere soil of Luoyang tobacco plant and improve the content of available free potassium of plants in soil. 【Method】B. mucilaginosus in soil was identified by plate dilution coating, gram staining, physiological and biochemical detection and 16 S rDNA sequence analysis, and the potassium solubility of the strain was compared with that of the standard strain by sodium tetraphenylborate precipitation method. 【Result】Nine single colonies, which were round, white and transparent, with neat edges and smooth protruding, were isolated from the root soil samples of tobacco fields at different growth stages in three counties of Henan province. Which the physiological and biochemical characters of strain 005, 008 and standard strains, were facultative anaerobic bacteria, and hydrogen peroxide enzyme reaction, also can make the starch hydrolysis, sugar alcohol fermentation, nitrate reduction, in the determination of V-P with M. R results have shown positive, in litmus milk test reaction can produce acid reaction, cannot make gelatin liquefaction, which can use citrate. The 16 S rDNA sequences of strain 005（MN227334） and strain 008（MN227337） were 99% homologous to GenBank（EU048557）. It was identified as B. mucilaginosus. The results showed that the precipitation weight of strain 005, 008 and standard strain 23575 was 0. 140, 0. 136 and 0. 166 g, respectively, with a significant difference of 0. 05, which were all 0. 040 g higher than that of the blank group. 【Conclusion】In the rhizosphere soil of Luoyang tobacco plant, there are round, white and transparent facultative anaerobic bacillus coleformis, which can hydrolyze starch, ferment sugar alcohol, reduce nitrate, and have strong ability to release potassium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】The present paper aimed to explore effects of different shading models on tea garden habitat and the quality of summer tea, to find out the suitable shading models for tea trees, so as to provide theoretical basis for the production of high-quality summer tea in Guangxi. 【Method】In summer of 2020, Jinxuan was used as the test variety, and black shading net was used as the shading material and 4 shading treatments T1（60% shading+1. 3 m shed covering）, T2（60% shading+1. 8 m shed covering）, T3（75% shading+1. 3 m shed covering） and T4（75% shading+1. 8 m shed covering） were set, with no shading as the control（CK）. Cultivation experiments of different shading models were carried out in tea garden, and the tea garden habitat index（illumination intensity, air temperature, air relative humidity and soil temperature） and the quality ingredients index of tea（chlorophyll, tea polyphenol, amino acid, vitamin C, water extractive, caffeine） were analyzed. 【Result】Different shading models could effectively reduce the illumination intensity, air temperature and soil temperature, increase the air relative humidity, improve the habitat of tea garden and improve the quality of summer tea. Effect of treatments T3 and T4 on improving tea garden habitat were better than those of treatments T1 and T2. After 25 days of shed covering, the total chlorophyll contents of summer tea were T3>T4>T2>T1, which significantly increased by 79. 66%, 56. 13%, 28. 24% and 17. 31%（P<0. 05, the same as below） compared with CK, respectively. The tea polyphenols contents were T4T3>T2>T1, which significantly increased by 14. 67%, 10. 67%, 5. 78% and 4. 00% compared with CK, respectively. The proportion of essential amino acids in amino acid components were T4>T2>T1>T3, which were 2. 85%, 2. 75%, 1. 77% and 1. 59% higher than that of CK, respectively. The ratio of tea polyphenol to amino acid were T4T4>T1>T3, which significantly increased by 13. 74%, 12. 73%, 10. 01% and 8. 31% compared with CK, respectively. The water extract contents were T4>T2>T3>T1. In comparison with CK, the water extract contents of T4 and T2 treatments significantly increased by 65. 53% and 16. 00%, T3 treatment decreased by 3. 92% but did not reach significant difference（P>0. 05, the same below）, while T1 treatment decreased significantly by 5. 28%. And there were no significant differences in caffeine contents between shading treatments and CK. 【Conclusion】The model of 75% shading+1. 8 m shed covering can significantly improve the habitat of tea garden and improve the integrating quality of summer tea. This model is recommended as a supporting technology for the high quality summer tea production to be extended in Guangxi. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】The present paper aimed to clarify the effects of nitrogen level on the nutrition and flowering quality of Dendrobium nobile under greenhouse cultivation, and provided theoretical reference for precision facility cultivation and quality control of D. nobile. 【Method】The seedlings of 8 months old and sixteen months old of D. nobile were used as experimental materials. The changes of nutrient elements（N, P, K, Ca, Mg） and polysaccharide contents with time under different nitrogen levels（control, 1/3 N, 1/2 N, 1 N, 1. 5 N） and the changes of morphological indexes in 1 N treatment, were determined. 【Result】Except for the number of leaves, there were no significant changes in crown width, pseudobulb height, pseudobulb thickness, leaf length, and leaf width between July and March of the next year between large and small seedlings. The changes of N, P and K contents in seedlings under different treatments were basically consistent, showing a trend of first decline, then rise and then decline. The changes of Ca content were contrary, while Mg content showed a continuous decreasing trend. The contents of the same nutrient element had significant differences in different months. The changes of N, P and K contents in large seedlings increased first and then decreased in different treatments, while the changes of Ca and Mg contents were the same as those in young seedlings. The content of polysaccharide in small seedlings and large seedlings increased first and then decreased. 1/2 N, 1/3 N and 1 N treatments were beneficial to the accumulation of polysaccharide in stems of two-seedling age plants, and the content at the end of November was significantly higher than other periods. With the increase of nitrogen level, the initial flowering period of large seedlings was gradually delayed, among which the 1/3 N treatment had the earliest initial flowering period, and the 1 N treatment of large seedlings had the highest flowering rate and average number of flowers per plant, but 1/3 N treatment was close to it. 【Conclusion】Nitrogen had little effect on the morphological indexes of D. nobile at late growth stage（after July）, but had significant effect on nutritional physiology and flowering quality. After maturity stage, nitrogen reduction（1/3 N） could not only save fertilizer, but also bring earlier flowering and better flowering quality. There was no significant difference in the polysaccharide content under different nitrogen treatments, but N-reduction treatments（1/2 N, 1/3 N） were also beneficial to the accumulation of polysaccharide in D. nobile stems, and it was suitable to harvest at the end of November. The results can provide references for precision facility cultivation, flowering regulation and quality improvement of D.nobile. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】The presnet paper aimed to reveal the effects of rhizophere bacteria and fungi on growth of sweet potato, we analyzed bacteria and fungi community structures and genetic diversities in rhizosphere soil of three different sweet potato varieties.【Method】Rhizophere soil microbial total DNA of three sweet potato varieties（Longshu24, Pushu32, and Funingzi3）was extracted. High-throughput sequencing technologies was employed to analyze the soil bacterial and fungal community structure and diversity.【Result】2978 and 686 OTUs were obtained from soil bacteria and fungi.Based on the results of species classification, bacterial communities belonging to 33 phyla, 91 classes, 222 orders, 364 families, 630 genera and 1248 species, while fungal species belonged to 13 phyla, 30 classes, 61 orders, 108 families, 163 genera and 213 species.Bacterial communities were more diverse and had greater species richness than fungal community in rhizosphere soil. There were some differences in the structure and composition of bacterial and fungal community in rhizosphere soil samples of different sweet potato varieties. In terms of bacterial richness and diversity, Funingzi3>Pushu32>Longshu24, while in terms of fungal richness and diversity, Pushu32>Longshu24>Funingzi3. Among all the bacterial community, the dominant populations were Proteobectria, Chloroflexi, Actinobacteria and Acidobacteria, of which the relative abundance exceeding 10%, and sum of the four community relative abundance was 79.38% to 82.21%. The dominant fungal species was Asccomycota, and the relative abundance of Longshu24, Pushu32 and Funingzi3 reached 81.4%, 57.03% and 72.24%.【Conclusion】There were some differences in the structure and composition of bacterial and fungal community in rhizosphere soil samples of different sweet potato varieties. Proteobectria, Chloroflexi, Actinobacteria and Acidobacteria were dominant bacterial species, and Asccomycota was the dominant fungal species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】The present paper aimed to explore the molecular mechanism of Apocheima cinerarius response to stress and explore the main associated genes about low temperature and starvation. 【Method】This study cloned and obtained the chitinase gene of A. cinerarius, named AcinCht10（GenBank accession No. : OK504624）, the molecular characteristics and basic physicochemical properties of amino acids of this gene were analyzed, sequence alignment was carried out and phylogenetic tree was constructed. And the expression profile of this gene under stress（low temperature and starvation） was analyzed. 【Result】The predicted molecular formula of AcinCht10 gene was C5017H7689N1349O1490S39, the length of coding protein region was 2967 bp, encoding a total of 988 amino acids, the predicted molecular weight of AcinCht10 was 111. 99 kDa, and the predicted isoelectric point was 6. 25. The hydrophilic coefficient of the protein was-0. 547, and the predicted instability coefficient was 37. 19, indicating that it was stable hydrophilic protein. One signal peptide was found, but no transmembrane structure was found. Two catalytic regions and one chitin binding domain were found. There were 48 serine, 43 threonine and 14 tyrosine phosphoric acid sites, no glycosylation sites were detected. Four phosphoric acid sites were detected. Sequence alignment results showed that the consistency of chitinase gene between AcinCht10 and other Lepidopteran insects was higher than 91%. Phylogenetic results showed that the chitinase genes were grouped into 8 groups（type I-VIII）. AcinCht10 was grouped with Manduca sexta Cht10, Trichoplusia ni Cht10, and Ostrinia furnacalis Cht10, which were also lepidoptera. The results of gene expression analysis showed that AcinCht10 gene expression decreased with the increase of starvation treatment time, and there was no significant difference between adjacent treatments. The expression of AcinCht10 gene was the highest under 25 ℃, while the expression of AcinCht10 gene was at a low level under other temperature stresses with no significant difference. 【Conclusion】AcinCht10 gene was closely related to the response to low temperature and starvation stress. The results are helpful to reveal the molecular function of chitinase gene of A. cinerarius under stress, and lay a foundation for further revealing the molecular mechanism of A. cinerarius response to stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】The present paper aimed to analyze the effects of pesticides fertilizer application on the occurrence of diseases and insect pests in sugarcane during inter-tillage period, and their production effects at jointing and maturity stages, so as to provide reference basis for scientific application of pesticide fertilizer in sugarcane.【Method】In this study, sugarcane cultivar Guiliu 05/136 planted in winter was taken as the research material. Referring to the production standard of sugarcane with high yield and high sugar in Guangxi, six different kinds of pesticides fertilizers with nutrient ratios and pesticides components were applied to sugarcane production during the inter-tillage period（from tillering stage to late tillering stage） as different treatments, and they were named as A,B,C,D,E and F,respectively. From May to October, the conditions of major plant diseases and insect pests in sugarcane seedlings under different treatments, and the growth rate of sugarcane plants at elongation stage were investigated. The yield traits were investigated at maturity, and the agricultural output value of sugarcane under different treatments were also analyzed.【Result】Application of pesticides fertilizer with N, P2O5, K2O≥30%（A,B,C,D and E treatments） promoted sugarcane tillering, appropriately applying with organic matter in which（B and D treatments） had better effect. At the same time, the smut and borer pest also got better control in sugarcane seedling. The pesticides fertilizer containing organic matter had a better indirect effect on smut, and which containing chlorantraniliprole and thiamethoxam could prevent and control borers in best. In addition, the application of pesticides fertilizers containing organic matter（B,D and F treatments） could not only promote the elongation of sugarcane stem in advance, but also promote rapidly growth for plants, and to form more millable canes, then increase their yield per unit area. Under the premise of the same cost of fertilizer, the agricultural increased of sugarcane treated with different fertilizer reached by 2118.62-9199.31 yuan/hm~2, among which D treatment had the highest value added.【Conclusion】The application of organic-inorganic compound pesticides fertilizer during the inter-tillage period have positive effect on the control of diseases and insect pests of sugarcane seedlings, and the control effect is closely related to the content of medicinal ingredients and nutrient ratio of fertilizer. The tillering of sugarcane can be effectively promoted by applying medicated fertilizer, which could also effectively improve the effect for sugarcane production, and two kinds of which the component of 35% N, P2O5, K2O content（17-7-11）,0.10% insecticide, 0.10% thiamethoxam, 3% organic matter or 30% N, P2O5, K2O content（13-6-11）,30 mL Durui, 0.10% thiamethoxam, 15% organic matter are more beneficial to increase sugarcane production efficiency, thus it is the best for sugarcane cultivation in Guangxi. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】The present paper aimed to illustrate the potential utilization of the gene of resistance to bacterial blight and bacterial leaf streak, so as to provide reference for enriching genetic base of rice breeding.【Method】A total of 102 rice cultivars were used to screen by molecular marker for the gene xa5, which mediated the resistance for both for resistance to bacterial blight and bacterial leaf streak. The parents carrying xa5 gene and having good resistance to bacterial blight and bacterial leaf streak were used as resistant sources to cross with susceptible cultivated rice. Through pedigree method and molecular marker-assisted selection（MAS）, elite hybrid rice restorer lines were cultivated. The excellent restorer lines and sterile lines were combined with strong heterosis combinations to analyze the resistance and comprehensive agronomic traits of strong heterosis combinations.【Result】A total of 17 cultivars were screened, which carried xa5 gene from 102 rice germplasm resources（materials）. Among these cultivars, DP3, IRBB5, N36, N776, N777, N779 and P89 were well resistant to both bacterial blight and bacterial leaf streak. An elite line Y240-1 was selected from the cross between DP3 and 9311. Moreover, 998 R was crossed with elite individual Y240-1. With molecular MAS, an elite restorer line Yexiangzhan with xa5 was developed from the cross of 998 R and Y240-1, after multiple generations of selfing. Yexiangzhan was combined with sterile line Pingfeng A to produce an elite hybrid cultivar Pingfengyouxiangzhan, which showed higher resistance to bacterial blight and bacterial leaf streak in comparison with Pingfeng A. Pingfengyouxiangzhan was resistant to rice blast at moderate level and meet the 2nd class standard of fine quality issued by Ministry of Agriculture of China.【Conclusion】xa5 gene with resistance to bacterial blight and bacterial leaf streak of rice has partial dominant effect, which can be used for breeding improvement of hybrid rice; It is helpful to enrich and broaden the genetic basis of rice breeding by cultivating the superior hybrid combinations of rice with moderate resistance to bacterial blight and stripe disease with wild rice blood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】The present paper aimed to study the function of GhUGT76 C1 gene in regulating the hight of upland cotton. 【Method】GhUGT76 C1 gene was cloned for bioinformatics and evolutionary analysis using upland cotton dwarf mutant LA-1 as material. Overexpression vector of GhUGT76 C1 were constructed and the overexpression transformed Arabidopsis plants were created using the transformation method mediated by Agrobacterium infection. The function of GhUGT76 C1 in regulating the dwarfnism of LA-1 were analyzed through phenotypic identification of transgenic lines under different light quality and intensity treatment. 【Result】GhUGT76 C1 gene was cloned successfully. Bioinformatics analysis showed that the gene was 1447 bp in length and the CDS region was 1365 bp which encoded 454 amino acids, the theoretical relative molecular mass of the gene was 51. 31 kD, the theoretical soelectric point was 5. 40 and the protein was a unstable protein. In the secondary structure, there were 10 alpha helix regions, 17 beta lamella regions, 22 beta turn regions and 22 random coil regions in total. Phylogenetic tree analysis showed that this gene was most closely related to Arabidopsis AtUGT76 C1 gene. We successfully constructed GhUGT76 C1 gene overexpressed vector and got Arabidopsis overexpressed mutant through transformation. We analysed the phenotypic of GhUGT76 C1 gene overexpressed mutants under different light quality and intensity, the results showed that the mutants had significantly increased hypocotyl growth phenotype under dark, low light intensity blue and far red light conditions. 【Conclusion】This study laid a foundation for the analysis of the function of GhUGT76 C1 gene in regulating plant height and the molecular mechanism of LA-1 dwarfism, and provided research materials for the in-depth understanding of the regulation mechanism of height in Gossypium hirsutum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】 The present paper aimed to study the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of low-temperature continuous rain disasters in rice during the heaving-heading stage in Sichuan province, in order to provide scientific basis for disaster prevention and reduction of low-temperature continuous rain disasters in rice at different growth stages in Sichuan province. 【Method】 According to the topographic and geomorphic types of Sichuan province, the rice planting regions were divided into six regions, namely, the marginal mountain region around the basin, the parallel range-valley region in the east of the basin, the hilly region in the south of the basin, the shallow hilly region in the middle of the basin, the flat hill region in the west of the basin and the mountainous region in the southwest of Sichuan. Based on the data of daily mean temperature, maximum temperature, minimum temperature, precipitation and sunshine duration of 21 agricultural meteorological stations in Sichuan province from 1961 to 2020, the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of low-temperature continuous rain during the period of rice starting from heading to heading were analyzed by using statistical analysis method combined with evaluation indexes of low-temperature continuous rain. 【Result】 (i) The frequency of mild, moderate and severe cold damage of rice during booting and heading stage in Sichuan province was as follows: 0%-32.5%, 0%-44.8% and 0%-50.3%, and the large values were all in the southwest Mountain area of Sichuan. Although the occurrence frequency of mild and moderate cold damage was relatively low, the distribution area of mild cold damage was the widest, followed by moderate cold damage, and the distribution area of severe cold damage was the smallest, only in the southwest Mountain area of Sichuan. (ii) The frequency of mild, moderate and severe continuous rain disasters were 0.4%-3.8%, 0%-5.2% and 0%-0.5%, respectively. (iii) The frequency of low-temperature continuous rain disasters was 0%-9.1% from 1961 to 2020, 0%-9.1% from 1991 to 2000, and 0%-3.3% from 1961 to 1970. (iv) From 1961 to 2020, the frequency of low temperature cold damage and low temperature continuous rain disaster passed the significance test of 0.05 over time, showing a decreasing trend. The frequency of continuous rain disaster did not change significantly with time and did not pass the morphological significance test of 0.05. 【Conclusion】 The frequency of low-temperature continuous rain disaster was high in the mountainous area of southwest Sichuan. In Sichuan province, the continuous low temperature rain disaster of rice during booting and heading stage showed a decreasing trend in recent years, which was consistent with the results of the reduction of low temperature cold damage and continuous rain disaster under the background of climate warming. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】This paper aimed to explore the changing laws of soil moisture physical properties after the implementation of the gully reclamation project with different years.【Method】Four adjacent gully reclamation project with different implementation year (0.5, 5, 10, 15 years) were selected for this study, with a natural bare gully slope as control plot (CK), the basic physicochemical properties and water holding capacity of the soil at a depth of 0-60 cm were experimentally studied.【Result】After the implementation of the gully reclamation project, the bulk density of each soil layer was significantly increased compared with the control, the bulk density of the 40-60 cm soil layer increased more significantly in the later period of implementation year (10,15 years), and the total porosity of the soil layer and the capillary porosity was significantly lower than the control; With the increase of the implementation year, the bulk density showed a significant increase trend, the porosity showed a significant decreasing trend, moreover the bulk density increased dramatically within 5-10 implementation year and then stabilized, while the porosity decreased dramatically after 10 years. Saturated hydraulic conductivity showed an increasing trend in the early stage with project implementation year (0.5, 5 years), and relatively decreased in the later stage, and its 40-60 cm soil layer declined more significantly; With the increase of implementation year, the saturated hydraulic conductivity increased initially and decreased thereafter, the maximum value was achieved after 5 years of implementation. The saturated water holding capacity, capillary water holding capacity, field water holding capacity, saturated water storage and capillary water storage of 0-40 cm soil layer decreased in the early stage of the project compared with the control, the decline trend of the above indexes were more significant in 40-60 cm soil layer in the later period of implementation year; All the above-mentioned indexes increased initially and then decreased with the implementation year, and the water storage increased slowly at the beginning of the gully reclamation project, and decreased after reaching the maximum value with implementation in 5 years.【 Conclusion 】The implementation of gully reclamation project in different years had certain impact on the physical properties of water in the 0-60 cm soil layer, and the impact on 40-60 cm soil layer of 10-15 years sample plots is more significant. And the soil structure was obvious after 10 years of development with degradation tendency of soil quality. The results of this study could provide basic data for comprehensive assessment of the impact of the gully reclamation project as well as guidance for the subsequent development and utilization of the gully reclamation project. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】 Research on remote sensing evaluation of cultivated land quality is of great significance to realize real-time and effective management and protection of cultivated land quality, promote the development of modern and efficient agriculture and ensure national food security.【Method】 The present paper took Conghua area as the study area, the spectral parameters were calculated and obtained from GF-1 image data by using various transformation technologies. And the correlation coefficient and variance inflation factor were used to select the spectral response of the cultivated land quality indicators. The remote sensing spectral response models of cultivated land quality in Conghua district were constructed based on linear（ PLSR） and nonlinear （BPNN, GA-BPNN） models, and the optimal model was used to realize the rapid inversion and spatial mapping of cultivated land quality.【Result】 The crop spectral response indexes of cultivated land quality were FD-3, SD-4, EVI and LR-4, and the correlation coefficients with cultivated land quality were 0.661, 0.663, 0.714 and-0.674, respectively, indicating that red and near infrared in GF-1 image were the crop spectral response bands of cultivated land quality. The PLSR, BPNN and GA-BPNN models were used to retrieve the cultivated land quality respectively. Compared with the inversion accuracy, it was found that the GA-BPNN model could quickly realize the inversion of cultivated land quality（R~2=0.64,NRMSE=10.75%）. Spatial mapping and validation of cultivated land quality using optimal model were conducted, and the results showed that the crop spectral indicators extracted from GF-1 satellite image data based on GA-BPNN model could quickly and accurately retrieve the cultivated land quality at regional scale. 【Conclusion】 The use of remote sensing technology is helpful to quickly understand the quality of cultivated land at the regional scale, improve the existing discipline system of cultivated land quality evaluation, promote the development of the discipline, and provide a theoretical basis for the subsequent spectral inversion of cultivated land quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】 This paper aimed to clarify the chronological change in nutrients and fertility of soils grown with tobacco in Honghe prefecture. 【Method】 Total of 296 and 881 tobacco-growing topsoil samples were collected in 2014 and 2018, respectively. Soil fertility indexes and nutrients variation characteristics were evaluated and analyzed based on fuzzy mathematical theory, t-test and multiple comparison.【Result】 Compared with 2014, the average value of soil organic matter, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen and available potassium increased by 2.81 g/kg, 9.61 mg/kg and 16.74 mg/kg, respectively, and soil available boron and exchangeable magnesium decreased by 0.22 mg/kg and 51.69 mg/kg in 2018, respectively. Judging from the variation characteristics of nutrient groups, the group with slightly alkaline (7.5-8.5), the group with very high content (>40 g/kg) of organic matter, the group with moderate content of soil alkaline hydrolyzable nitrogen (100-150 mg/kg), the group with very high content (>350 mg/kg) of available potassium and the group with very low content (<0.3 mg/kg) of soil available boron were significantly higher in 2018 than in 2014, increased by 47.83%, 80.59%, 12.21%, and 72.19%, and 38.84%, respectively. In 2018, the group with very low (<10 g/kg) of organic matter, the group with low (65-100 mg/kg) of soil alkaline hydrolyzable nitrogen, the group with very low (<10 mg/kg) of soil available phosphorus, the group with medium (0.50-1.0 mg/kg) of soil available boron and the group with very high content (>400 mg/kg) of exchangeable magnesium group decreased by 46.0%, 17.02%, 16.57%, 41.36% and 30.87% compared with 2014, respectively. The group with high and very high content of effective zinc reached 80.14% and 85.37% in 2014 and 2018, respectively; And the group with moderate and above exchangeable magnesium content was ranged from 76.05% to 83.54%. The soil organic matter and alkaline hydrolyzable nitrogen contributed the most to the soil fertility of tobacco-growing soil in 2014 and 2018, respectively. In 2018, the average value of soil fertility index for tobacco-growing soil was 0.49, and the coefficient of variation was 26.53%. The soil with lower, medium and higher soil fertility index accounted for 20.66%, 61.29% and 17.03%, respectively. Compared with 2014, the percentage of lower and higher soil fertility index increased by 3.43% and 0.13%, respectively, and the percentage of medium soil fertility index decreased by 1.88%. There was no difference between low and medium soil fertility in each county ( city) in 2014 and 2018, only the higher soil fertility grade in Mile city showed significantly higher in 2018 than that in 2014. 【Conclusion】 The overall fertility of tobacco-growing soil in Honghe prefecture was good and the variation was small. Soil organic matter and alkaline-hydrolyzable nitrogen content were the main factors affecting the soil fertility of tobacco-growing soil in Honghe prefecture. The soil showed high content of available zinc and exchangeable magnesium, abundant organic matter, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, and available potassium, but lack of available boron content. It is recommended to increase the use of boron fertilizer and reasonably control the application of zinc and magnesium fertilizers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】 This paper aimed to study the pathogen and biological characteristics of three leaf diseases of Amomum tsaoko Crevost et Lemarie in Yunnan province, and to provide theoretical basis for the control of leaf spot of A.tsaoko. 【Method】Three fungal diseases were discovered from A.tsaoko plantation in Nujiang Prefecture, Yunnan province. Three strains, including CG-N01, CG-N02 and CG-N03 were obtained by single spore culture, their pathogenicity was determined, spore morphology was observed according to morphological characteristics, and pathogen was identified by phylogenetic tree constructed by multi-gene sequence analysis (rDNA-ITS, tub2, LSU and tef-1 α), and biological characteristics were determined. 【Result】 The morphological characteristics of CG-N01, CG-N02 and CG-N03 were in accordance with the typical characters of Pyrus costina, Phoma matteuccola and Colletotrichum mondsii, respectively. The rDNA-ITS, LSU and tef-1 α sequences of CG-N01 were 489, 901 and 475 bp, respectively ( the login numbers were MN596209, MN689811 and MN696687, respectively) ; The rDNA-ITS, LSU and tef-1 α sequences of the strain CG-N02 were 517, 997 and 529 bp respectively (the login numbers were MN596212, MN650644 and MN696686, respectively) ; The rDNA-ITS, tub2 and tef-1 α sequences of strain CG-N03 were 560, 926 and 738 bp, respectively ( the login numbers were MN596210, MN650645 and MN696688, respectively). Purified strains of CG-N01, CG-N02 and CG-N03 had high homology with P. costina, P. matteuccola and C. simmondsii, respectively. Biological determination showed that strain CG-N01 was advantageous to mycelium growth and conidia formation under the conditions of 28 ℃, alternating light and dark, and pH 6.0. Strains CG-N02 and CG-N03 were favorable for sporulation at 25 ℃, alternating light and darkness, and pH 8.0. 【Conclusion】 This study first reported that C. simmondsii can infect and cause Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, the biological characteristics of the pathogens of leaf spot, leaf blast and anthracnose were determined to provide scientific basis and theory support for the diversity study and effective control of the disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】The present paper aimed to evaluate the effects of reducing nitrogen fertilizer during Chinese milk vetch returning on photosynthetic characteristics, yield and quality of rice, to explore the potential of chemical nitrogen replacement in crop rotation of Chinese milk vetch and rice, so as to provide a scientific foundation for the production of high-quality rice.【Method】Based on years of positioning tests, a control group of no nitrogen fertilizer (CK) was used, and six treatments were set up, including conventional nitrogen application (100%N), Chinese milk vetch combined with 100%, 80%, 60% and 40% nitrogen application (marked as MV+100%N, MV+80%N, MV+60%N, MV+40%N) and no application of nitrogen fertilizer (control group, CK). Rice photosynthetic characteristics of chlorophyll content (SPAD value), net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) and transpiration rate (Tr) were measured during the heading stage, and rice quality was measured during the harvest stage.【Result】In comparison to CK, a combination of 100%, 80%, 60% and 40% nitrogen fertilizer applied to returning Chinese milk vetch could significantly increase the SPAD value, Pn, and Gs of rice (P<0.05, the same as below). The increases were 3.53%-7.29%, 10.98%-16.43% and 4.88%-14.63%, respectively. Rice yield and protein content were also significantly increased by 24.01%-41.85% and 7.38%-18.17%, respectively. Compared with conventional N application (100%N), the SPAD value and Pn of MV+100%N treatment were significantly higher than those of 100%N treatment. However, there were no significant differences in SPAD value, Pn, Gs, Ci and Tr in MV+80%N, MV+60%N and 100%N treatment (P>0.05, the same as below). In terms of rice yield and traits, yield of MV+100%N, MV+80%N and MV+60%N treatment increased by 12.06%, 7.72% and 6.64% compared with 100%N treatment, but the yield, effective spikes, panicle length, number of grains per panicle, 1000-grain weight and seed setting rate had no significant difference with 100%N treatment. In terms of quality characteristics, there were no significant differences in milling quality, appearance quality, nutritional quality of MV+100%N, MV+80%N, MV+60%N and 100%N treatments. However, the cooking quality of MV+80%N and MV+60%N treatments were significantly improved compared with 100%N treatments. The results of correlation analysis showed that returning Chinese milk vetch could improve rice yield trait through increasing SPAD value, Pn and Gs, thus, improving rice milling quality, cooking quality and nutrition quality.【Conclusion】Chinese milk vetch combined with 100%, 80%, 60% and 40% nitrogen application can significantly improve photosynthetic indexes and increase rice yield SPAD value, Pn and Gs. Chinese milk vetch combined with 80% and 60% nitrogen application can also improve the milling quality, cooking quality and nutrition quality of rice, thus providing reference for high quality rice production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】The present paper aimed to explore the effects of different fertilization rates on physiological indexes and nutrient content of Taxus himalayana seedlings, and to screen the best fertilization rate for the growth and development of T.himalayana.【Method】The effects of N, P2O5 and K2O (CK,F1,F2,F3 and F4) on the growth of T.himalayana were studied.The physiological indexes of leaves, stems and roots, and the contents of organic carbon (OC), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP) and total potassium (TK) were determined.【Result】 (i) With the increase of fertilizer application, Chla and chlb contents in leaves of T.himalayana increased gradually and reached the maximum value at F3.The carotenoid content was as follows: F1 > F2 > F3 > F4 > CK.The maximum contents of soluble sugar and soluble protein were 15.80 mmol/L and 1.22 mg/g in F3 treatment, which were significantly higher than those in CK and F1 treatment (P<0.05).Malondialdehyde content increased gradually with the increase of fertilizer application, and reached 1.38 μmol/L in F4 treatment. Therefore, in the scope of this study, F3 treatment was more conducive to the accumulation of nutrients in T.himalayana. (ii) The contents of OC, TN and TP in roots, stems and leaves increased with the increase of fertilizer application, while the contents of TK only increased in roots, and first increased and then decreased in stems and leaves; At the same fertilization level, the content of OC in stem was higher than that in leaf and root, and the content of TN, TP and TK in leaf was higher than that in stem and root. (iii) With the increase of fertilizer application, the C∶N ratio of root system increased, and F4 was 13.53% higher than CK; The C∶P ratio of root, stem and leaf were 166.01-323.68, 311.33-328.79 and 183.69-252.33, respectively, and the N∶P ratio were 2.50-5.39, 4.15-6.08 and 7.42-8.44, respectively. In view of this, the input of nitrogen fertilizer should be increased in the later fertilization experiment. 【Conclusion】 Fertilization could significantly increase the contents of N, P and K in root, stem and leaf of T.himalayana, but with the increase of fertilization, photosynthetic physiological indexes and nutrients of T.himalayana increased first and then decreased. In the range of fertilization ratio in this study, when N, P2O5 and K2O were 2.40 g, 1.80 g and 1.80 g respectively, Taxus grew better. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】 The present paper aimed to explore the effect of biogas slurry with high ammonia and nitrogen soaking on the growth of Chlorella and the effect of soaking Chlorella on the treatment of biogas slurry, so as to provide a reference for the use of enhanced Chlorella to solve biogas slurry pollutants. 【Method】 Chlorella was directly soaked with（1640.0 mg/L） biogas slurry with high ammonia and nitrogen for 0,4,8 and 12 hours, and then the growth status of Chlorella in BG11 medium and ammonia nitrogen medium and the difference in total photosynthetic pigment concentration and chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoid contents in algal cells were compared at different soaking times, and determine and analyze the growth status and nitrogen and phosphorus removal effects of Chlorella in actual wastewater at the best soaking time.【Result】 In BG11 medium, the longer the soaking time of Chlorella, the more obvious the inhibition of its growth and the longer it took to restore normal growth; The heavier its photosynthetic pigment damage, the more pronounced the decrease in chlorophyll a/b and the longer it took for chlorophyll a/b to reach its peak. In the medium containing ammonia nitrogen, 8 hours seed soaking Chlorella had higher relative growth and stronger ammonia nitrogen absorption and assimilation ability; After 7 days of incubation, the OD value of 8 hours seed soaking Chlorella increased by 17.3% compared to that of unsoaked Chlorella, and the chlorophyll a content of 8 hours seed soaking Chlorella was also the highest, 1.17 times higher than that of unsoaked Chlorella. After 7 days of incubation in actual wastewater medium, the OD value of 8 hours seed soaking Chlorella increased by 26% compared with that of unsoaked Chlorella, and the ammonia nitrogen removal rate was increased by 13.1% than unsoaked Chlorella;8 hours seed soaking Chlorella inherited the efficient phosphorus removal of unsoaked Chlorella, and the removal rate of total phosphorus from the actual wastewater by both types of Chlorella was above 95% after 3 days of incubation.【Conclusion】Soaking Chlorella in biogas slurry with high ammonia and nitrogen for 8 hours had the best effect on the enhancement of Chlorella, the chlorophyll a and biomass of Chlorella vulgaris accumulated more after reinforcement, and the effect of nitrogen removal and phosphorus removal was better, which can be promoted and applied in the actual wastewater treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】 The present paper aimed to study the differential expression of male sterility transcriptome-related genes from molecular biology, and to clarify the mechanism of male sterility in tobacco K326. 【Method】 The male sterile line and maintainer line of tobacco K326 at the flowering stage were used as materials, using Illumina Hi Seq high-throughput sequencing technology. Then the corresponding sequence alignment analysis was performed on the sequencing raw data. 【Result】 After filtering the original sequencing data, a total of 84 101 954-134 977 386 clean reads were obtained for comparison and analysis. The base sequencing quality values Q30 were all greater than 94% and the GC content was between 41.84% and 42.50%. In small bud, medium buds and large buds, 7881, 19 931 and 10 984 differentially expressed genes were obtained respectively, of which the down-regulated were significantly more than the up-regulated. These differentially expressed genes were annotated to biological processes, molecular functions and cellular component 3 categories in 35 branches. The highest number of terms for molecular function was at the cellular component level. 1257 differential genes were annotated into the 249 metabolic pathways in the KEGG database. The most significantly enriched pathways in the KEGG metabolic pathways of differential genes were metabolic pathways, secondary metabolite biosynthesis and phenylpropane biosynthesis. Differential genes were analyzed by transcription factor analysis and it was found that the more differential genes belonged to ERF, MYB, C2 H2, NAC, ERKY, bHLH and other transcription factor families in small buds, medium buds and large buds. 【Conclusion】 In the study, we found that there were many differentially expressed genes in MYB transcription factors, metabolic pathways and phenylpropane bio synthesis in about male sterility. Therefore, we suggest that the exploration of tobacco-related male sterility genes and molecular mechanisms be carried out in the aspects of metabolic pathways and phenylpropane biosynthesis in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】The present paper aimed to explore the relationship between different composting materials and their C/N ratios on nutrients and microorganisms in the composting process of kitchen waste. 【Method】In the experiment, kitchen waste, straw and sawdust were used as the main raw materials for combined composting. Through the comprehensive determination of temperature, moisture, nutrition, enzyme activity and microbial flora changes under different C/N conditions, the influence law on kitchen waste composting was summarized. 【Result】The compost with C/N ratio of 30∶1 had the best maturity effect, and the seed germination rate of each treatment reached 80%. After 100 days of maturity, each treatment met the standard of recyclable utilization, and the indicators met the industrial standard of organic fertilizer（NY525—2012）. Among them, the water content of each treatment decreased from 63% in the early stage to less than 5% in the late stage. And with the continuous composting, the pH of each treatment eventually stabilized at about 8, EC values were below 4 mS/cm, no toxic effect; The changes of total effective, available nutrients and organic matter showed a trend of rising first, reaching the peak and then gradually decreasing. The soil enzyme activities in different treatments showed a trend of first increase and then decrease, and the peak values of catalase, sucrase, urease and cellulase activities reached 5.09,9129.00,489.82,7.92 mg/（g·h）, respectively. The peak numbers of bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes in different treatments reached 23.36×108-29.45×108,1.67×108 -7.33×108,16.01×108-28.17×108 CFU/g.【Conclusion】The correlation between each index was analyzed. The compost maturity index with correlation was analyzed by principal component analysis（PCA）, and the ranking result was T6 > T4 > T5 > T1 > T2 > T3. T6 had the highest score of 1.911. The compost material was kitchen waste（2.8 t） + sawdust（0.93 t）, and the carbon-nitrogen ratio was 30∶1. Therefore, it is recommended to use kitchen waste and sawdust combined composting in production to achieve better maturity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】Salmonella typhimurium（STM） was an important zoonosis bacterium that can infect human beings and a wide variety of animals. The present paper aimed to investigate the molecular characteristics of STM small RNA（sRNA） STnc290 gene, and its role on cell infection and pathogenicity of STM. 【Method】STM sRNA STnc290 gene was amplified by PCR, and the sequence characteristics, secondary structure molecular characteristics and potential target genes of STnc290 gene were analyzed by bioinformatics software. Meanwhile, λ-Red homologous recombination was employed to construct STnc290 gene deletion and complementation strains. By analyzing STM-SL1344 and STM-ΔSTnc290 and ΔSTnc290/STnc290 were different in infected cells, median lethal dose of mice, survival rate of mice, bacterial load of liver and spleen of pathogenic mice and pathological changes of liver and spleen of mice. The transcription level of potential target genes regulated by STnc290 gene was detected by qRT-PCR.【Result】The size of sRNA STnc290 gene was 79 bp, and its upstream sequence contained the promoter core sequences of-10 box TGATATA and-35 box CTGACA, and σ factor rpoD16 binding site AAATAATT; The secondary structure of STnc290 gene contained typical stem ring structure; Two potential targets of STnc290 gene were found through online software prediction, because of pqaA and narX genes. The growth assay of STM-SL1344, STM-ΔSTnc290 and ΔSTnc290/STnc290 strains showed that there was no significant difference in growth characteristics between STnc290 gene deleted strains and STM-SL1344 and ΔSTnc290/STnc290 supplemented strains（P>0.05）; Compared with STM-SL1344 strain, the adhesion and invasion ability of RAW264.7 of STM-ΔSTnc290 of mouse macrophages was significantly reduced（P<0.05）. The median lethal dose of mice infected with STM-ΔSTnc290 strain increased significantly（P<0.05）; The survival rate of mice infected with STM-ΔSTnc290 strain was significantly higher than that of parental strain（P<0.05）; The bacterial load of liver and spleen of STM-ΔSTnc290 infected mice decreased significantly on the 7 th and 9 th day after infection（P<0.05）. qRT-PCR showed that the target gene transcription level would be significantly reduced in STnc290 gene deletion strain（P<0.05）.【Conclusion】The present study confirms that the sRNA STnc290 plays an important regulatory role in cell infection and pathogenicity of STM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】The present paper aimed to analyze the blocking effect of different blocking inhibitors on cadmium（Cd） and arsenic（As） in heavy metal contaminated rice fields and their effect on the yield of different varieties of rice, in order to provide a reference basis for the screening of rice varieties with low accumulation of heavy metals and the production of safe rice.【Method】Using the field test method, 16 Guangxi main planted late rice varieties were planted in the soil with high risk of heavy metal pollution, and two kinds of inhibitors, selenium-inhibitor and silicon-inhibitor, were tested for heavy metal control. The Cd and As contents in the rice samples of each variety were measured, and the blocking effects of different blocking agents on Cd and As and the yields of different varieties of rice were compared and analyzed.【Result】The Cd and As contents of the 16 rice varieties differed significantly, among which five varieties, namely, Shenliangyou 8386,Guang 8 you jinzhan, Fengtianyou 553,Guixiang 12 and Guang 8 you 169,had lower Cd enrichment ability, and four varieties, namely, Yexiangyou 703,Hengfengyou 666,Guang 8 you jinzhan and Yexiangyou lisi, had lower As enrichment ability. The yield of each rice variety sprayed with selenium-inhibitor and silicon-inhibitor was significantly improved, with an average yield increase of 6.5% and 5.4%,respectively, compared with the control（CK）. After spraying selenium-inhibitor and silica-inhibitor, the Cd content of rice of 16 rice varieties was lower than 0.200 mg/kg, and the average content was 0.119 and 0.125 mg/kg, respectively, which were significantly lower than that of CK（0.189 mg/kg）. The average contents were 0.119 and 0.125 mg/kg, which were 37.03% and 33.33% lower than those of CK（P<0.05）. The mean As contents of rice were 0.197 and 0.185 mg/kg, respectively, which were not significantly different（P>0.05） compared to CK（0.186 mg/kg）.【Conclusion】The test results show that there are significant differences in the adsorption capacity of different late rice varieties of rice for heavy metals Cd and As.Foliar spraying of selenium and silicon inhibitors in Cd-contaminated rice fields can significantly improve rice yield and also significantly reduce the Cd content of rice, but has no significant effect on reducing the As content of rice. The five low Cd accumulation rice varieties, namely Shenliangyou 8386,Guang 8 you jinzhan, Fengtianyou 553,Guixiang 12 and Guang 8 you 169,can be promoted and planted in local Cd contaminated rice fields, and the four low As accumulation rice varieties, namely Yexiangyou 703,Hengfengyou 666,Guang 8 you jinzhan and Yexiangyou lisi, can be promoted and planted in local As contaminated rice fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]