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In some parts of Indonesia, people have consumed mangrove fruit as a traditional food. Bruguiera gymnorrhiza or lindur plant, is one of the mangroves that have bioactive compounds as antioxidant. Antioxidant compounds found in Brugueira gymnorrizha fruit are thought to be able to reduce free radicals. However, the information on the benefits and potential of mangrove fruit as a source of antioxidants is still limited. Not many studies have shown that lindur plant fruit can be used as antioxidants, Therefore, further research on this topic is needed. This research aimed to identify the content of bioactive compounds and the activity of Brugueira gymnorrhiza fruit extract obtained from the Pengudang waters of Bintan Island. This research includes several analyses, including analysis of bioactive compound content, total phenolics and flavonoid content, pigment content, and antioxidant activity analysis. The method used in this research was a laboratory experimental and the DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) method was used to test the antioxidant activity of Bruguiera gymnorrhiza fruit extract. The results showed that the bioactive compounds contained in Bruguiera gymnorrhiza fruit extract are flavonoid and tannin compounds. The total phenolics and flavonoids amounted to 4.05 mg GAE/g sample and 9.36 mg QE/g sample. The content of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoid pigments were 0.47 mg/g, 1.03 mg/g, and 2.72 μmol/g. Bruguiera gymnorrhiza extract has potent antioxidant activity (IC50 60.77 ppm).

Global warming is characterized by high concentrations of greenhouse gas emissions, namely CO2, in the atmosphere. Mangrove ecosystems play a role in mitigating global climate change because they can absorb carbon through photosynthesis and then store it in a carbon pool, which includes Above Ground Biomass (AGB), Below Ground Biomass (BGB), litter or dead wood, and sediment. This study aimed to determine the value of biomass, carbon stocks, and CO2 sequestration in the mangrove ecosystem in the Riau Island. Carbon stocks were estimated by collecting data on AGB, BGB, and dead wood using the non-destructive allometric modeling method, and sediment sampling was carried out at 30 cm intervals until the discovery of humus soil. There are eight research stations spread across Riau Island. The results of the biomass calculation are then converted into carbon stock values and CO2 sequestration. The result showed that the mangrove ecosystem in Riau Island had a biomass value of 1854,54 tons/ha, estimated carbon stocks of 2052,78 tonsC/ha, and a CO2 sequestration of 7527,52 tonsC/ha. The mangrove ecosystem in Riau Island has an area of 79.228,91 Ha so it can store carbon reserves of 162.639.342 tonsC. The amount of CO2 can be minimized or controlled by reducing emissions and conserving forests, namely by improving mangrove management according to the function of mangrove forests.

This study investigates the status and anthropogenic pressures on seagrass ecosystem. Urbanization and tourism in the coastal areas of Bintan, Indonesia were increasing in the recent years. They have become new pressures to intertidal ecosystem and habitats, particularly seagrass ecosystem. Seagrass meadows are the important ecosystem and habitats in Bintan region. They provide a wide range of ecosystem services, including for small-scale fisheries and have being Dugongs (Dugong dugon) habitats for food. Currently, the sea grass status is less healthy or damaged with 11 species. The anthropogenic disturbance processes have affected the spatial distribution, percent coverage, biodiversity, and community structure of sea grass. Moreover, several species are hard to find. Directly, sea grass meadows are impacted by introduced coastal development (i.e. settlement area, tourism accommodation, port, etc.), land-based pollution, reclamation, boating traffic, dredging activities and tourism activities. Sea grass conservation area and marine spatial planning based on the land- and seascape connectivity is important for conservation efforts and sustainable management of sea grass.