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The constantly deteriorating global environmental situation, the emergence of new enterprises and the rapid development of new technologies require the development of new approaches to personnel training in the field of technosphere and environmental safety. The current topical issue is the formation of a mechanism for predicting the future needs of enterprises in the implementation of new labour actions within the generalised labour function of employees in the field of ecology and occupational safety. For this purpose, it is necessary to implement the so-called “anticipatory” retraining of personnel in order to ensure the effective implementation and development of new technologies. The article describes one of the approaches to solving the problem of such advanced retraining in the field of labour protection and ecology.

Issues of ensuring the safety of working on height do not lose their relevance. Civil engineering is in the first place of the amount of injuries and deaths. It accounts for 17% of the structure of the main types of economy activity. The main reason of injuries is the fall from a height (30.5% of all injuries) More than 40% of accidents are lethal or cause partly or complete inability to work. The paper considers safety during ascent and descent on caged ladders, representing a way of collective protection. The construction of vertical ladders, arc cages and the mechanic of worker ascent are considered. Preliminary kinematic model of human fall has been considered during tests, using falling mannequin on caged ladders, with additional safety systems and without them. The analysis show, that caged ladders cannot provide enough protection and create an imaginary protection threat especially when the construction has three vertical bars, which has been set and tested. There is a high probability of falling on the ground or another platform. The paper shows, that cages are not as safe as personal protection equipment, installed on ladders. Some normative documents about vertical ladders allow falling from height less than 10m, which raises many questions about the safety of using that standards.

Research background: Over the past years, employment and conditions of work have changed considerably; labour market is more flexible what enables enterprises to react faster to changing market requirements. Labour rules make it easier to hire and fire workers. A special category of employees includes juveniles who are covered by increased legal protection; a juvenile employee is an employee under 18 years of age. Work is an important part of every person. Many adolescents want to raise funds to provide for the basic necessities of life, but also to meet the needs of self-realization, socialization and creativity. Young people are regulated by many laws that contain prohibitions and obligations; employers are obliged to create favourable conditions for the all-round development of the physical and mental abilities of juvenile workers also by special adjustment of their working conditions. Purpose of the article: The article is focused on the analysis of current possibilities and specific conditions of employment of juveniles, identification of problems in the field of employment protection of juveniles in their employment as well as in the performance of work in dual education and proposal of systemic measures for practice. Methods: The method of analysis, synthesis, deduction, interview and questionnaires were used in the research. Findings & Value added: The ever-increasing demands on businesses in a globalized world require a more skilled workforce that is able to contribute to and adapt to technological change with new models of work organization. In connection with this, it is necessary to pay attention to the employment of juveniles, their specific conditions at work and in training for future occupations and elimination of risks.