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The methods of surface fire retardant treatment of textile materials (TM) and the chemical basis of the fire retardants used are considered. The possibility of developing a fire retardant composition for tissues that would not adversely affect the human skin upon contact has been studied. To determine the degree of danger of contact and of the penetration of chemicals through skin in contact with the fireproof TM, special studies were conducted to study the local irritating effect and resorption of the composition according to special developed laboratory methodological instructions. As the result the evidence was found that the irritating effect of the fire retardant composition developed on the skin and mucous membranes of the eyes of experimental animals was not detected. Comparative thermo analytical studies showing the effectiveness of the fire retardant action of the composition developed on the main stage of thermal decomposition of cellulose-containing TM are presented. Thus, the development of a fire retardant composition based on phosphorus-containing compounds and urea compounds and the selection of the optimum ratio of stabilizers for the processing of decorative and finishing fabrics with safe contact with human skin can be one of the effective ways to solve the problem under consideration.