1. Evolution of downflows in the transition region above a sunspot over short time-scales
- Author
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Mihalis Mathioudakis, Chris J. Nelson, and S. Krishna Prasad
- Subjects
Mass flux ,atmosphere [Sun] ,Electron density ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Context (language use) ,LINES ,Astrophysics ,Astronomy & Astrophysics ,Spectral line ,ULTRAVIOLET-SPECTRA ,transition region [Sun] ,Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR) ,DUAL FLOWS ,Physics ,Sunspot ,sunspots ,Science & Technology ,oscillations [Sun] ,Order (ring theory) ,Astronomy and Astrophysics ,Coronal loop ,Solar atmosphere ,Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics ,Space and Planetary Science ,Physical Sciences ,VELOCITIES - Abstract
Downflows with high velocities occur in the transition region above many sunspots; however, how these signatures evolve over short time-scales in both spatial and spectral terms is still unknown. In this article, we investigate the evolution of downflows detected within the transition region on time-scales of the order minutes and search for clues as to their formation mechanisms in co-temporal imaging data. The high-resolution spectral and imaging data used to identify downflows here were sampled by IRIS on the 20th and 21st May 2015. Imaging data from the Hinode and SDO satellites provided context about the wider solar atmosphere. Four downflows were identified and analysed. The potential super-sonic components of these downflows had widths of around 2" and evolved over time-scales of the order minutes. The measured apparent downflow velocities were structured both in time and space, with the highest apparent velocities occurring above a bright region detected in Si IV 1400 {\AA} images. Downflows with apparent velocities below 50 km s^{-1} were observed to extend a few arcsecs away from the foot-points suggesting the potential super-sonic components are linked to larger-scale flows. The electron density and mass flux for these events were within the ranges 10^{9.6}-10^{10.2} cm^{-3} and 10^{-6.81}-10^{-7.48} g cm^{-2} s^{-1}, respectively. Each downflow formed at the foot-point of thin `fingers' extending out around 3-5" in Si IV 1400 {\AA} data with smaller widths (, Comment: 13 pages, 10 figures, accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysics
- Published
- 2020