Search

Introduction: Very low birth weight (VLBW) is a term used to describe babies who are born weighing less than1.5 kilograms. The main cause of a baby having VLBW is being born too early and this is called preterm or premature birth. Premature means a baby is born before 37 weeks of pregnancy. Another cause of very low birth weight is when a baby does not grow well during pregnancy and this is called intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), it may happen because of problems with the placenta, the mother's health, or birth defects.Objective: This study aimed to assess the impact of intrauterine growth restriction on gastrointestinal tract tolerance to nutrition in very low birth weight neonates. Patients and Methods: This study was applied on 48 very low birth weight neonates who were divided into two equal groups (AGA and SGA groups). They were admitted to NICU in Zagazig University Children Hospital, during the period from March 2020 to September 2020.Results: Incidence rate of feeding intolerance was nearly equal in SGA and AGA very low birth weight neonates, but incidence of feeding intolerance signs were different between them. Conclusion: Intra-uterine growth restricted Very low birth weight newborns were susceptible to intrauterine deprivation of nutrients to gastrointestinal tract due to placental insufficiency resulting in prematurity and immaturity of gastrointestinal tract function resulting in poor tolerability of GIT to enteral feeding. Trophic feeding, which was early initiation of enteral feeding along with parenteral nutrition seemed to improve feeding tolerance, decrease duration of parenteral nutrition, insure more mature intestinal motility patterns and increase growth rate.

Management scholars no longer view economic capital as the primary factor in achieving sustainable competitive advantage for organizations. Rather, the human resource has become the most important element to achieve this advantage. Therefore, this prompted the institutions to adopt leadership styles that enhance the meanings of subordinate service, taking care of them as the main pillar in providing services, working to empower them by giving them responsibility for decision-making and a degree of independence and discretion, with engaging them as solutions to address fundamental problems in the provision of services and restore them when necessary to meet customers' needs and requirements and different expectations. This research attempts to investigate the mechanism of how servant leadership can enhance and elevate the level of employees' psychological capital (PsyCap) in five-star hotels in Cairo, to achieve this, a questionnaire consisting of 45 phrases was designed. Data was gathered from 383 employees from some of five-star hotels in Cairo. The results proved that servant leadership is high in five-star hotels in Cairo with mean (3.85). Whereas results are showing high level of employees’ psychological capital with a high mean (4.12) The results further proved that servant leadership can enhance employees' psychological capital in five-star hotels in Cairo.

Application servant leadership has become essential in hospitality establishments, because of changes and fluctuations faced by today's business environment. Which imposed many challenges to those establishments. This study was aimed at exploring the impact of servant leadership on reducing employees’ occupational stressors relationship five-star hotels in Cairo. to achieve this, a questionnaire consisting of 31 phrases was designed. Data was gathered from 383 employees from some of five-star hotels in Cairo. results are showing that There are many hospitality organizations that value servant leadership. In the business world it is reported that Fortune-listed companies (2019), such as Marriott International Chain ranked thirty- first, Four Seasons Hotels ranked eighty-nine, apply servant leadership principles in their business operations. The results proved that servant leadership is high in five-star hotels in Cairo with mean (3.85). The results also indicate a low level of employees’ occupational stressors relationship in five-star hotels in Cairo with a mean (1.93). The results reveal a statistically significant effect of servant leadership on reducing employees’ occupational stressors relationship five-star hotels in Cairo.