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climate's change is one of the most important threats facing the world. That is because it causes a high ambient temperature. (UNEP, 2010). According to the report of the World Meteorological Organization (WMO, 2015), the period 2011- 2015 recorded the highest temperatures and was affected by Climate's change. Agriculture sector is strongly influenced by climatic conditions. A majority of works in agriculture are still performed outdoors under several weather conditions. High temperature, intensive insolation and elevated air humidity providing a dangerous work conditions. These weather conditions can lead to overheating (heat stress) and dehydration of the agricultural field workers. An index assessing heat stress in human beings, namely: Wet Bulb Globe Temperature (WBGT) was used in this study. This study presents the effect of heat stress from the point of view of agricultural field worker occupational health safety. Comparison of the three agricultural working conditions reveals significantly more severe heat stress in wheat threshing, rice transplanting and cotton harvesting, in terms of both the frequency of heat-stress episodes and the number of hours associated with heat stress. The WBGT maximum values during the time from 11 am up to 4 pm for wheat threshing, rice transplanting and cotton harvesting operations were 34.2 oC at 2 pm, 31.6 oC at 1 pm and 30.8 oC at 1:30 pm respectively. While the WBGT minimum values were 31.7 oC at 4 pm, 28.4 oC at 11 am, and 28.5 oC at 4 pmrespectively. The three presented work conditions are affirmed that a dangerous situation for agriculture field workers is stand. The values of the environmental parameters and its relation with heat stress during the day work hours under the previous field operations cleared that the heat stress has direct proportion with humidex and reversible proportion with air velocity and relative humidity. The agriculture field workers have exposure to hazard levels of heat stress resulting in high levels of body temperature. It is recommended to establish a sunshade for wheat thresher to provide a shade working area

Aportable compact precision plug trayvegetable seeder wasmanufactured in Agricultural Engineering Research Institute (AEnRI) workshop to plant fine and large vegetable seeds with low cost and high seed singulation ratio. The seeder was depended on a controlled negative and positive pressure passed through a set of nozzles to pickup and drop the seeds into the tray cells. For tomato seeds, four nozzles holders equipped with 209 nozzles with inner diameters of (0.47 mm, 0.62 mm, 0.76 mm and 1 mm for each set) were tested with negative pressure of (1, 1.25, 1.5 and 1.75 kPa). For cantaloupe-melon, four nozzles holders equipped with 84 nozzles with inner diameters of (0.76 mm, 1.00 mm, 1.2 mm and 1.4 mm) were tested with negative pressure of (6, 7, 8 and 9 kPa). The performance of the seeder was evaluated using seed singulation efficiency, seeding efficiency, seeder productivity, specific energy requirement and seeding cost. The machine succeeded to plant large and small seeds in different types of plug trays. The optimum nozzle diameter for planting tomato seeds was 0.62 mm operated at negative pressure of 1.25 kPa that gave percentage of single seed 89.95%, double seeds 4.79%, multiply seeds 2.39% and missed seeds 2.87%. Meanwhile, the optimum nozzle diameter for planting the cantaloupe-melon seeds was 1.20 mm operated at negative pressure 8.0 kPa that gave percentage of single seed 94.05%, double seeds 2.38%, multiple seeds 2.38% and missed seeds 1.19%. The productivity of precision vacuum trays seeder was 320 tray/ h (66880 and 26880 cells/ h) for tomato and cantaloupe-melon seeds respectively. The total power requirement for the seeder was 1.075 kW.h for tomato seeds and 1.216 kW.h for cantaloupe melon seeds. The consumed specific energy was (3.36×10-3 kWh/ tray) for tomato seeds and (3.80×10-3 kWh/ tray) for cantaloupe melon seeds. The total operating cost was 43.37 LE/h. The cost of one tray seeded by the machine was 0.14 LE/ tray comparing with (0.67 and 1.67) LE/try for hand seeding of (cantaloupe melon tray and tomato tray) respectively. The total fabrication cost of the seeding machine was 15000 LE with 2016 price level. The rental value of mechanical seeding per tray was 0.20 LE. The seeding machine indicated net present value (NPV) of 2930 LE at 11 % interest rate. The seeding machine payback period was about 1.3 year.

Vibration can produce a wide variety of different effects to the operators. Farm equipment operators are usually exposed to whole-body vibration which transmitted via the seat or via the floor and feet. This vibration contributes to operator fatigue and can have a detrimental effect on job performance and safety. The objective of this study was to determine whether body mass index (BMI) influences the risk of low back pain (LBP) in a population exposed to whole body vibration (WBV). For this a survey conducted in nine farm machinery-servicing stations belong to the Ministry of Agriculture (MOA), Farm machinery station in Gemiza, Egyptian Project for improving the main crops production in Sakha, and the local sector of farm machinery during the years of 2008-2009 through periodic visits. Vibration measurements were performed according to ISO 2631-1, 1997. Two measurements were taken: stand height, and weight the results revealed that the tractor (Nasr model) which has no suspended seat and range of 60-65 horse power in the sample under study considers the highest equipment gives WBV data the frequency weighted RMS acceleration magnitude of the largest single orthogonal axis is in the vertical axis (Z) and also for VDV of weighted RMS acceleration. This constitutes a high risk on the labor body, followed by UTB tractor and rice combine. On the other hand, the WBV emission levels recorded during the harvesting by wheat combine and threshing tasks were low which constitute no risk on the labor body The results revealed that the highest number of injured labors was in the age group of (41-45) years (46.4%), followed by (46-50) years (28.6%), but the least number of injured labors was in the age group of (34-40) years (14.3%), and followed by (51-55) years (10.7%). Type of pain indicated that the highest number of pain was (47%) for temporary LBP, followed by (22.6%) for healthy body, and (8.3%) for chronic LBP. Results showed that there are significant differences between the different types of equipment during the variation of farm operations, significant correlation, and significant relationship between accidents factors.