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A pot experiment was carried out to study the effects of NPK and Actosol on plant growth , essential oil , chemical composition and antioxidant activity of Zanthoxylum piperitum plant, it was conducted under in saran greenhouse, at the Experimental Nursery of the Ornamental Horticulture Depart., Fac., of Agric. ,Cairo Univ., during 2018/2019- 2019/2020.The plants were fertilized with NPK at 12g/plant (100% recommended dose), 9 and 6 g/ plant ,sprayed with Actosol at 0, 1.5 and 2.5 ml/L. Treating plants with 6 and 9 g/plant NPK + Actosol at 2.5 ml/L, gave tallest plants ,highest No. of branches and significantly increased the fresh and dry weights of plants, in both seasons. Reducing NPK from 12 to 9 or 6 g/plant increased significantly essential oil% ,and had a positive effect in both seasons. Actosol at 1.5 ml/L gave the highest oil % ,while at 2.5 ml/l gave the highest oil yield /plant. Twenty compounds were identified by GC-MS )βphellandrene, cyclohexanol, germacrene-D , α-pinene, geranyl acetate and 1,8-cineole(, were the dominant compounds, which increased with NPK (12 ,9 and 6 g/ plant) + Actosol 1.5 ml/L, in the first season, respectively. Decreasing NPK doses combined with high rate of Actosol increased the phenolic contents. The highest flavonoids content was recorded in plants treated with NPK 9g/plant + Actosol 1.5 ml/L(first season) and NPK 9 g/plant (second one). The antioxidant profile indicated that the crude extract in plants received 12g/plant NPK showed the highest IC50 in both seasons.

Essential oils and Flavonoids are widely recognized for their beneficial effects in possessing many biological activities, such as antioxidant, antimicrobial and cytotoxic properties, also using in food additives and in the cosmetic industry. The aim of this work is to produce nanoparticles of hesperidin and essential oil extracted from waste orange peels, and study its biological impact compared to native products (hesperidin and essential oil) as antioxidant, antimicrobial and cytotoxic. Obtained products (nano-formulation) are characterized by zeta potential, electron scanning microscopy, spectrophotometric method and color analysis. The final products (nano-formulation) were examined as antioxidant agent by two assays (DPPH and ABTS analysis). The antioxidant activity of nano hesperidin and essential oil was evaluated and compared with none formulated. Nanoparticles of hesperidin and essential oil have a great potential in DNA damage prevention compared to their respective controls which were examined by DNA damage assay induced by oxidative stress protection analysis. The in vitro cytotoxic activity of nano formulated hesperidin and essential oil, towards (three cancerous cell lines, including: breast (MCF-7), colorectal (HCT-116) and liver (HepG2), and two non-cancerous control cell lines (fibroblast BJ-1and MCF-12F) compared with native product (essential oil and hesperidin) were examined using MTT assay. The hesperidin and essential oil NPs showed a positive effect on the inhibition of the proliferation of all tested cancer cell line. The antimicrobial activity of hesperidin, essential oil and their nano formulation form was evaluated using well diffusion assay. The nano formulation form of hesperidin and essential oil showed to improve the antimicrobial activity. These findings showed that nano-hesperidin and nano - essential oils play an important role as antioxidant, antimicrobial and cytotoxic agent's effects. These effects might be used for clinical trials and can represent driving formulation for novel chemotherapeutic agents and in food industry. Further studies about the therapeutic effects of nano-hesperidin and essential oil extracted from Egyptian orange peel are requested

Dimethoate (technical and formulated) sublethal doses (1/20 of LD50) were ingested into male albino rats. The intoxicated rats were treated with cow and camel milk as an antitoxic diet to reduce the harmful of the pesticide (both forms). Energy compounds (ATP, ADP and AMP) as well as myokinase activity and also the respiratory system included cytochrome-c, Cytochrome-c-oxidase and succinate-cytochrome-c-reductase were studied in brain, liver and kidneys tissues of adult male albino rats during the experimental period of 3 months. LD50 of the technical and formulated dimethoate as well as the composition of cow and camel milks, were determined. ATP content of the three organs tissue was elevated, but the contents of ADP and AMP were reduced either by technical and formulated dimethoate effects relative to those of the normal healthy control. On the other hands, the effects of technical and formulated dimethoate on mitochondrial cytochrome-c contents and activity of Cytochrome-c-oxidase and succinate-cytochrome-c-reductase was studied. Cytochrome-c contents showed considerable decreases, but the activities of both enzymes of the mitochondrial respiratory system (cytochrome-c contents and Cytochrome-c-oxidase) were stimulated in liver, kidneys and brain tissues. In general, the formulated dimethoate ingestions were more toxic than the technical pesticide ingestions relative to those of normal healthy control. The treatment with Cow and camel milk as antioxidant agents observed antagonistic influence against the harmful of the present pesticide. The milk treatments attenuated the dimethoate toxicity and improved the organophosphorus pesticide disturbance in the present studied parameter. For energy system (ATP, ADP and AMP and also myokinase activity) as well as the respiratory system of cytochrome-c (cytochrome-c level, with cytochrome-c-oxidase and cytochrome-c-reductase activities) were about normalized nearly around of those values in brain, liver and kidneys tissues of the normal control. The desirable treatments of camel milk were more than those of cow milk treatments against the harmful of the technical and formulated dimethoate. In conclusion, the present investigation found that camel milk possesses a potential antitoxic effect and higher than those obtained by cow milk, these may be due to the presence of many beneficial agents. The therapeutic efficacy of camel milk has rather explained by lack of coagulation in an acidic condition of the animal stomach

Milk and milk products is implicated in many human health benefits. Several animals milk source are used for that porous such as cow, cheap, camel and goat. Goat milk has a unique composition compared to other animals. In this study, we investigate the antioxidant, antibacterial and anticancer potencies of casein and whey proteins of goat milk fractions crude methanol extract. As a result, whey protein extract exhibited high antioxidant activity than casein against stable radical DPPH and ABTS with IC50 value 0.12 and 0.237 µg/ml, respectively compared to casein fraction extract. The anticancer properties were investigated against two cancerous cell lines, including: breast (MCF-7) and liver (HepG2). Results of the MTT assay were in agreement of the antioxidants activity, when whey fraction methanol extract exhibited specific anticancer activities against MCF-7 cell line compared to casein and doxorubicin positive control. However, no cytotoxic activities of extract were observed against two non-cancerous control cell lines (BJ-1and MCF-12). Casein and whey proteins extract could prevent DNA damage induced by oxidative stress. The antimicrobial activity of goat milk methanol extract was tested against five bacterial strains including gram positive (Bacillus cereu EMCC 1080 and Staphylococcus ureuse ATCC 13565(, gram negative (Escherichia coli O157-H7 ATCC 51659, Salmonella typhi ATCC 15566 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa NRRL B-272. Among them, Bacillus cereu and Escherichia coli were extensively affected, when the inhibition zone was 4.3 and 5 cm, respectively. The fact that goat milk is enriched in features belonging to elements, vitamins and short peptide derivatives. In addition, goat milk has specific fat composition of the medium chain fatty acids led to increase the antioxidant and antibacterial and anticancer properties.

Nanoparticles are the basic essential element of nanotechnology and it exhibits characteristic features based on their properties such as size, morphology and other size dependent properties. Their applications on agriculture, food and medicine are widely used nowadays. Agro-waste materials cause a global environmental problem worldwide. Maximizing the benefits of such waste material is a very important issue. The present investigation aimed to use nano-formulation techniques by using polyethylene glycol 8000 to produce nano-lycopene extracted from tomato waste (pomace) as well as evaluation the antioxidant, antimicrobial and anticancer activity of produced lycopene-NPs. The results of antioxidant activity using ABTS and DPPH assays revealed that nano-formulation of Lycopene increases the scavenging activity compared with lycopene. Also, both lycopene and lycopene-NPs showed antibacterial activity against all tested bacteria and antifungal activity against tested fungal species. MIC for lycopene and lycopene-NPs was determined. DNA damage induced by oxidative stress protection analysis indicated that lycopene-NPs has a great potential in DNA damage prevention compared to their respective controls. The MTT assay exhibited cytotoxic activity against three cancerous cell lines, MCF-7, HCT-116 and HepG2. As well as lycopene-NPs biosafety was tested against normal cell lines (BJ-1 and MCF-12F) compared to lycopene.