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Objective: To study the knowledge and attitude of staff nurses about Post abortion care in Obstetrics and Gynecology department at Assiut University Hospital. Background: Abortion have great contribution to the women's morbidity, abortion nurses are responsible for providing complex physical and psychological care to abortion patients. They require comprehensive and specialized knowledge regarding anatomy and physiology, abortifacient and analgesic pharmacology, surgical procedures, and psychological care processes. However, even though women seeking abortions are certainly entitled to high quality, multifaceted nursing care, A lot of women face multiple barriers that prevent them from accessing abortion services or encountering an abortion nurse at all or finding nurses having good awareness about the proper Post Aborting Care (PAC) services. Material and Methods: A structured questionnaire used to evaluate the knowledge and attitude of nurses toward PAC services. The data collected in six months by distributing questionnaire among staff nurses working in Obstetrics and Gynecology department at Assiut University Hospital. Descriptive statistics were used to present and correlate attitude statements and some demographic variables. Results: One hundred and ten completed the questionnaire out of 200. All were female nurses. Their knowledge regarding abortion were categorized into three levels; basic, junior and senior according to training. Their knowledge about abortion were similar. The overall findings indicated that the nurses attitudes regarding abortion, agreed that the male responsible for the pregnancy should be involved in the decision, favored governmental regulation of abortions, and supported that abortion is indicated in situations when the female's health was at risk or if the female had been raped. Some of the findings are similar to other studies, particularly those that have involved a sample comprised of nursing students. This study is different from existing studies as it is the first that studied baccalaureate nursing students, it includes a predominately female sample, and it encompasses a larger age span in its sample Conclusion: Nurses have major role towards improving women‘s access to safe abortion care and eradicating unsafe abortion. Nursing care, a fundamental component of post- abortion care services, has been shown to affect the safety and accessibility of women's health following abortion.

The present investigation was conducted during 2012, 2013 and 2014 seasons on 10-year-old Superior grapevines cultivar grown in a sandy soil, planted at 2 m within rows and 3 m between rows and irrigated using drip irrigation system at a private vineyard located at El-Khatatba, Menoufiya governorate, Egypt. The obtained data was discussed in details for the last 2 seasons only. The main objective of this investigation was to study the effect of fulvic acid foliar application 9 ml/liter /vine, either alone or in combination with micro-elements (Fe SO4. 7H2O at 0.36 g + Zn SO4.7H2O at 0.18 g + MnSO4. H2O at 0.18 g) and bio-fertilizers (Trichoderma viride + Trichoderma harzianum + Serratia sp. + Pseudomonas fluorescens + Bacillus polymyxa) at 7.14 ml/liter/vine (104/ml per fungi and 109/ml per bacteria viable cell) on vegetative growth, total chlorophyll content, yield, physical and chemical characteristics of cluster and quality of berries, total carbohydrates, total N and C/N ratio in canes of Superior seedless grapevines. Results revealed that the combined treatment of fulvic acid, micro-elements plus bio-fertilizers induced indispensable positive effects for enhancing vegetative growth, total chlorophyll content, yield, physical and chemical characteristics of cluster and quality of berries, total carbohydrates, total N and C/N ratio in canes of Superior grapevines. A stronger effect may probably support the hypothesis of that humic substances have different effects on plant adequately supplied with nutrients, in sustainable or organic viticulture for production of organic products, which can be a noteworthy alternative to synthesized chemicals fertilizers to produce a healthy product-free from their toxic residues and fit for export. Foliar spray applications of these products can have prospects for optimal economical use in terms minimizing the cost of production and in turn increased the income of vineyards.