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Background: Egypt is affected by the COVID-19 pandemic in all aspects of life: Health, economy and socially. Serological survey for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies is a valuable method to assess the extent of spread of the pandemic especially in healthcare workers (HCW), and to detect asymptomatic cases. Aim of Study: This research aims at proving the usefulness of SARS-CoV-2 antibody detection to identify and isolate infected individuals among HCW. Results may be employed as a surrogate to economize the use of RT-PCR evaluation and to make executive decision limiting viral spread among medical personnel in Kasr Al Ainy hospitals. Material and Methods: This cross-sectional survey study has included 897 HCW from multiple frontline and susceptible services within Kasr Al Ainy, Cairo University Hospitals. HCW were subjected to wide screening to study the presence of SARS-CoV-2 specific antibody responses (IgG and IgM) by Electro-chemiluminescence immunoassay tests and Lateral Flow Immunochromatographic assay (Rapid detection test) kits. Results: Our screening program has revealed 105 positive cases which accounts for 11.7% of the screened group. Of those, 33 (31.4%) were symptomatic and 72 (68.6%) were asymptomatic. Conclusion: The use of COVID-19 antibody testing for HCW can provide crucial information that might prevent further propagation of infection among HCW and their patients. Further research is warranted to provide evidence related to wide implementation of screening programs for HCW and to provide clear guidelines related to specifics of such programs.

The process of program understanding plays an important role in testing, and maintenance phases of software life cycle. There have been numerous investigations of the influence of various aspects of a program on program understanding, using many different measures of understanding. Some of the different measures include time to find a bug, a comprehension quiz, ability to reporduce a functionally equivalent program without notes, time to perform modification. All of these measures have some limitations. A new measure called CLOZE procedure, which has less limitations as well as other advantages such as ease of administration and grading, is investigated in this paper . The paper reports on a controlled experiment that compared CLOZE procedure and the time to find a bug as measuring program understanding. The experiment results indicated that the CLOZE procedure measure is a fair measure for program understanding. It may best be used in educational environments where computerizing test construction, as well as grading, is highly appreciated.

Background: Cervical Disc Arthroplasty (CDA) has beenconsidered as an alternative to cervical arthrodesis in thetreatment of Cervical Degenerative Disc Diseases (CDDD).Aim of Study: The aim of this study was to assess thelong-term clinical and radiographic outcomes of CDA.Patients and Methods: A total of 17 patients who under-went single-or two-level CDA with Prestige-LP Disc wereretrospectively investigated at a minimum of 4-year follow-up. Clinical assessments included Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) for neck and arm pain, Neck Disability Index (NDI),and Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) score. Radiologicalevaluations included Range of Motion (ROM) of the indexand adjacent levels, segmental angle, cervical sagittal align-ment, Heterotopic Ossification (HO) and Adjacent SegmentDegeneration (ASD).Results: Significant and maintained improvement in VASfor neck and arm, NDI and JOA were observed after a meanfollow-up of 54.7 months (p < 0.001). The preoperative ROMof the index level was 9.7o, which was maintained at 1-and2-year follow-up (9.3o, and 9.2o), but was decreased to 8.0oat final follow-up. Mobility was maintained in 84.2% (16/19)of the implanted prostheses at final follow-up. ROM of thesuperior and inferior adjacent segments, cervical sagittalalignment and cervical angel were all maintained. The inci-dence of HO was 36.8% at final follow-up, but it did notinfluence the clinical outcome. Radiographic ASD weredetected in 26.3% of the patients. However, the incidence ofsymptomatic ASD was only 5.2%.Conclusion: Cervical disc arthroplasty demonstrated amaintained and satisfactory clinical outcome at a minimal of4-year follow-up, with majority of the prostheses remainedmobile. Cervical disc arthroplasty can be considered as aneffective surgical method in treating CDDD.

Extensive experimental tests were conducted to study the effect of solid loading on the collection efficiency and pressure drop across gas – solid cyclone separators. The experiments were conducted at four different cyclone sizes of 7.5,10,14 and 16mm, various particle sizes ranged from 70 to 510nm and various dust loading varied from 50 to 350gramsolids /kgair. The results indicated that the collection efficiency decreased with increasing the solid loading. The pressure drop across the cyclone decreases with increasing the solid loading for 10 cm size cyclone and no considerable variation is noted for cyclone sizes larger than 10cm. Also, the study reported visual observation of cyclone flow patterns during separation

Air-lift pump is a type of deep wells pumps. Sometimes, it can be used for removing water from mines or to pump slurry of sand and water or other solutions. The performance of air-lift pumps depends mainly on the operational parameters such as air volumetric flux, nature of lifted water and solid. The main objective of the present work is to study theoretically the air-lift pump performance under variety of operational parameters. A mathematical model simulating the performance of air-lift pump under various operational parameters was developed. A computer program was developed to solve the governing equation. The model results were compared with available published data for validation. There was a good agreement between the present results and the published data. The effects of operational parameters on the air-lift pump performance are predicated and plotted against the water volumetric flux and pump efficiency. The results showed that the water volumetric flux and pump efficiency increased gradually reaching a maximum value some where between 1 to 4 m/s, then slightly decrease with increasing the air volumetric flux. The water volumetric flux and pump efficiency decrease linearly with increasing the solid particles volumetric flux. The predicted results show that the solid particles density and diameter had slight effects on the pump performance.

Pumps were designed and manufactured to operate far from the cavitation condition. Pump designer has defined the cavitation inception point as the point where the head drops by 3 %. This definition is incorrect, because the first appearance of vapour bubbles was observed earlier than 3% drop in the head. Therefore using 3 % drop in head, as indication parameter for cavitation inception has always resulted in damage in pumps during operation. This paper describes visual studies conducted to determine the variation of net positive suction head with flow rate, rotational speed and water temperature. A special correlation between the visual net p ositive suction head and net positive suction head corresponding to 3 % drop in head was predicted at various operating conditions.

Membership of open star clusters or Galactic open clusters is very important roles to study the formation and evaluation of gravitationally bound system. In the field of an image, the relative x and y coordinate positions of each star with respect to all the other stars are adapted. Therefore, in this paper, a new method for the determination open star cluster membership based on Fuzzy C-means Clustering algorithm is proposed. In the fuzzy clustering algorithm, a data point may belong to several clusters with different degree of memberships. Therefore, the membership values for a data point will represents the degree to which that point belongs to a particular cluster. The proposed method allows to efficiently discriminating the cluster membership from the field stars. The membership probabilities have been calculated and compared to those obtained by the other methods. To validate the method, we applied it on Berkeley 39 and NGC 188 open star clusters, where the membership stars in these clusters are obtained. The membership probability of stars clusters is assigned through the approach provides number of probable members.

The present work is aimed to isolate, purify, identify a newly isolate Rhizobium fabae from different regions in Egypt then, produce and optimize Poly-β-Hydroxybutyrate polymer (PHB) production by the selected isolate Rhizobium fabae F44 using a statistical approach of response surface methodology (RSM). Rhizobium fabae F44 isolate was picked up from Sharkia Governorate in Egypt and then identified by the 16SrRNA gene as Rhizobium fabae. Eleven different variables which affect the production of PHB polymer were screened by Plackett–Burman statistical design approach. Maximization of PHB production was adjusted by the terms of The Face Central Composite Design (FCCD) of RSM and assessed at three coded levels (–1, 0, +1). One way Anova was used to statistically analyze all obtained results in relation to post hoc multiple comparison analysis performed by Tukey’s HSD. Appulses of nutritional and physical factors (two carbon sources, two nitrogen sources, mineral salts, pH, temperature, incubation time, inoculum size and agitation rate) were studied using Plackett-Burman design method. 58 isolates were obtained from the different 9 governorates with 100 % infection plant technique. The 16SrRNA showed a similarity of 99.56 (%) to Rhizobium fabae F44. Out of all tested significant media components, sucrose, yeast extract, agitation rate had the highest significant effects on the response as for PHB production, with confidence level > 98% and were further optimized using FCCD. Predicted Maximum PHB production was observed as (78.51%) which in near the mid-point (0) values (concentrations) of sucrose which reached (25 g/l) and yeast extract of (0.5 g/l) for 48 hrs. at 150 rpm agitation rate. The observed experimental value reached 87.5u/ml was very close result to the predicted one validating the model. So, Response Surface Methodology is an effective statistical approach which can substitute the use of one variable at a time approach due to its adequacy and efficiency to optimize PHB production by Rhizobium fabae F44.

The importance of childhood as the future maker does not need to be emphasized. It is the stage in which the child is capable of being formed and willing to learn in collaboration with his / her mentors. Therefore, the child's study is not a wasted time or effort but is necessary and feasible. This study belongs to the pattern of descriptive studies because they are the most appropriate types of studies suitable for the nature of the subject of the study, which aims to describe some methods of parental treatment and their relationship to stubbornness. A sample of children from 9-12 years has a comparative study between the shelf and the urban. Obtained and interpreted and then draw conclusions, and the development of indicators that help to reduce the parenting of erroneous causes of obstinacy. The current study relied on the use of the measure of parental treatment methods and the measure of obstinacy and challenge. The actual sample, after verifying the validity and stability of the tool, was conducted on a sample of 140 children. The mean and standard deviations of the responses of the sample of the study towards expressions after parenting methods were the average (70.41) and the standard deviation (22.22) and the percentage (58.67%). The highest mean arithmetic mean Males reached (105.40) with a standard deviation of (8.16) and a value of (4.548) at a significant level (0.05 = α) between the average scores of males and urban females. In the light of the research procedures and the results we reached and the quantitative explanations and how we offer a set of recommendations and suggestions to conduct thorough studies on ways to reduce obstinacy in children, especially in adolescence, the need to conduct studies to develop remedial programs for the behavior of stubbornness on different age groups and different environments Gender studies (male-female), studies on parental treatment methods and their relationship to stubbornness for different age groups from the age group covered by current studies and studies on the nature of other behavioral disorders common to intransigence.

This research aims to examine the Impact of Renewable Energy Eonsumption on Economic Growth in Egypt. It depended on using quantitative method. Vector Auto Regressive (VAR) analysis was adopted based on yearly data for the period (1990-2017). Time series stationarty are checked by Augmented Dicky Fuller (ADF) test, and co- integration existence tested by Johansen co- integration test. The vector Error Correction model (VECM) utilized to check the existence of long run relationship between Real Gross Domestic Product (RGDP) as a dependent variable and Renewable Energy Consumption (REC) as explanatory variable. Finally this research conducted positive relationship between the consumption of renewable energy, in accordance with the literature and the results of applied studies.

Growth of the states, standard of living, and prosperity depends mainly on the performance of the available infrastructure. Transportation sector is an essential element of the infrastructure, where this sector contributes to support the economic and social development. Upgrade of transport services leads to reducing transportation cost, enhancing operational performance, and facilitating passenger and goods movement that has a positive impact on the national economy. From an environmental point of view continuous increase in using transport means leads to an increase in energy consumption and polluted emissions. This research discusses the share of intercity goods transport between the three modes of transport (roadways – railways – inland waterways). Where it is noticed the share of road sector is rapidly increasing, while the share of each of railway, and inland waterway sector is deteriorating, although there are many relatively competiveness advantages of these two sectors, particularly fuel consumption which is one of the same time the polluted emissions of trucks is high. These have direct effects on operating cost, and sustainable sources of energy, and consequently the national economy in general to guarantee the continuous work of state activities (industry – agriculture – housing). Therefore, the focus of this research is to provide an analysis on the division of cargo movement on inland modes of transport to assess the environmental harm and operational efficiency of such movement. This is done through establishing a model to compute the change of transported volume between the three transport modes (Road - Rail – Inland waterway) based on the both the available transport supply provided by transport by transport service providers and transport demand of transport service users. The findings of the research provided that there is still a heavy dependence on road transport which requires 270.502 mega jewels of energy for the transport of on ton*km of cargo in comparison to 154.731 for rail and 106.497 for river transport. In terms of total CO2 emissions and greenhouse gases it was concluded that road produces 0.20 ton CO2 for each ton*km traveled in comparison to 0.011 for rail and 0.008 for river transport. Accordingly the main recommendations of the study focus on shifting the focus of transport from road to rail and river transport which are found to require less energy and produce

One of the greatest challenges facing today is endangering living organisms as a result of environmental pollution caused by petroleum crude oil. Therefore it was necessary, to find out a way to remediate these pollutants biologically. An oil degrading bacterial isolate was isolated from oil polluted soils and optimized for oil biodegradation. Psuedomonas reinekei MT1 was able to produce biosurfactants which play a major role in the availability of oil for bacterial biodegradation. Ps. reinekei MT1 gives maximum oil degradation on 30oC, pH 7, sodium nitrate as nitrogen source and addition of gasoline and triton X100. Oil degradation reaches 69.62% after 15 days of incubation. Salinity decreased oil degradation, although Ps. reinekei MT1 had the ability of growing and degrading oil in salinity reaches 2%, while there was neither bacterial growth nor oil degradation at 3%.

The generation of new elements inside living cells, either by nuclear fusion or nuclear fission is questionable. Nuclear fusion theory can interpret the increase of an element or reduction of another one following the dissociation of the atomic nucleus of some elements and recoordination of new integrated nuclei, which surrounded by electrons to neutralize protons of nucleus. To proof our hypothesis, in vitro microcosm investigations were carried out using two microbial stains (Bacillus amyloliquefaciens MN592674B and Escherichia coli), which spiked with seven trace elements (Ti, V, Co, Ni, Se, Mo, and B) in a closed system. Total trace element concentrations were determined using Inductivity Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES) at the end of inoculation experiment. Some trace elements (e.g. Se, V and Ni) showed increments, others (e.g. Ti and B) showed reductions; however, some trace elements such as Ag, B and Cd vanished completely from the microbial media. The addition of V, Co, Ni, Se, Mo, and B to B. amyloliquefaciens culture medium enhanced Bismuth (Bi) biosynthesis. This finding was also supported by Energy Eispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) data, which showed substantial alterations in metals distribution in the outersphere surfaces as affected by the microbial strain and the spiked elements. In this regard, trace elements transformation differed greatly among bacterial strains. Findings from this investigation provide insights for understanding elemental transformations in the living cells.

GC/MS of unsaponifiable matter (USM) of Ipomoea tricolor (Cav.) and Ipomoea fistulosa (Mart. Ex Choisy) leaves were characterized by the identification of 22 and 33 compounds represented (95.88 and 91.82 %), respectively. It composed mainly of hydrocarbons and oxygenated compounds. The GC/MS of fatty acids methyl ester (FAME) led to the identification of 8 and 10 compounds for I. tricolor and I. fistulosa, respectively. Linolenic and palmatic acids were found as the predominant fatty acids. On the other hand, the petroleum erher extract of I. tricolor was fractionated on column chromatography to yield major compounds; 5-phenyldecane and 4-phenyldecane, as well as, triterpenes including β-amyrin, lupeol and simiarenol, in addition to α- amyrin, β-sitosterol, stigmasterol and α- amyrin acetate which isolated for the first time from this species. The petroleum ether extracts of I. tricolor and I. fistulosa showed a significant increase in DPPH inhibition activity at 0.01 and 0.05 ug/ml, respectively. Furthermore, I. tricolor extract exhibited a significant increase in cholinesterase inhibition activity at concentration 20 ug/ml and a significant anti-inflammatory activity with IC50 117.4µg/ml.

Samples from the River Nile, the Mediterranean, and the Red Sea were chemically and microbiologically evaluated. The chemical analysis proved that cations and anions concentrations were of higher values in seawater samples in comparison with those of the Nile water. The microbiological analysis showed that Cairo University Nile Bus Station samples (GCB-19) recorded the increased total viable microbial counts (1.6x104 CFU/ml). Total coliforms highest counts were analyzed in GCB-19 samples (110 cells/ml), whereas fecal coliforms highest counts (15 cells/ml) were recorded in Cairo University Nile Bus Station samples (GCB-17) and (GCB-19). PAHs were determined in the collected samples using GC/MS. Seawater samples had increased concentrations of PAHs in comparison with River Nile water ones. Fluorene was the major PAH in all water samples, for it ranged from 25 to 50 ppt. An actinomycetes isolate from the collected samples underwent molecular identification through the pair-wise alignment of its 16S rDNA sequence with sequences in the database. It was indicated that it was identical to Streptomyces macrosporeus with a 98.65% homology sequence. Streptomyces macrosporeus was examined for degradation efficiency of 0.1, 0.05, 0.025, and 0.0125 ppm of PAHs standard mix and 200 ppm of naphthalene, fluorene, and anthracene, individually for 5 days/37 C. It degraded all the detectable concentrations of the chemicals in the PAHs standard mix except for some non-degradable traces of naphthalene. Furthermore, it degraded naphthalene, fluorene and anthracene individually with a percentage of 99.99%, 94.88%, and 96.33%, respectively. Thus, the results of the current study reflected the biodegradation capability of Streptomyces macrosporeus for different PAHs.

في مارس 2020، أعلنت منظمة الصحة العالمية رسميا تفشي مرض کوفيد -19 باعتباره وباء عالميا، وبناء على ذلک، أعلنت الحکومة المصرية قرار إغلاق المدارس والجامعات ومعاهد التعليم العالي، مع الإبقاء على استمرار العملية التعليمية، وبالتالي أصبح الالتزام بالتعلم عن بعد في المدارس والکليات إلزاميا لمنع انتشار الفيروس القاتل. من هذا المنطلق، ومن واقع منصبي کمدرس ومحاضر جامعي في قسم الهندسة المعمارية ومکلف بتدريس مادة الإنشاء المعماري ومواد البناء 1 و2، فقد تطلب هذا التغيير المفاجئ على العملية التعليمية إيجاد طرق فعالة لتدريس المواد المکلف بها من خلال التعليم عن بعد. فأصبحت العملية التعليمية تحديا کبيرا لتحقيق أقصى استفادة للطلاب وتوصيل المعلومة کاملة، وذلک لان الهدف الرئيسي للتعليم المعماري هو الجمع بين المبادئ والفنون الجميلة لتحقيق الأساسيات والمهارات والإبداع (الوظيفة والشکل). لذلک، فإن لا مجال لحدوث أي قصور في العملية التعليمية، لما له من تأثير سلبي مباشر على عملية إعداد الطالب ليصبح معماريا لديه جميع المهارات اللازمة للقيام بوظيفته واستکمال مراحل تعليمه المترتبة على هذه المرحلة، تناقش هذه الورقة تقييم نموذج تشغيلي تم إعداده لدورات تشييد المبانى، ثم فحص هذا النموذج لدورتين متتاليتين لمنهج تشييد المبانى (1 و2) باستخدام منصة التعلم عبر الإنترنت کوسيلة بديلة للتعليم التقليدي، وکذلک تقييم الصفات الإيجابية والسلبية من خلال الدراسة التحليلية باستخدام مؤشرات التعلم الناتج. بالإضافة إلى وضع توصيات مستقبلية من خلال مجموعة من الإجراءات التى يجب اتخاذها في حالة استمرار الية التعليم عن بعد أو التعليم الهجين في مجال الهندسة المعمارية لتحقيق محاکاة تکون الأقرب للتفاعل المباشر بين المحاضر والطلاب لنقل المهارات الاحترافية والإبداعية وربط الشق النظرى بالشق التطبيقى لضمان خريج يحمل مقومات المهندس المعمارى الناجح.

The p-aminophenol was prepared by reduction of p-nitrophenol over nano-sized nickel catalysts without support and with Egyptian kaolin as support. Hydrazine hydrate was used as hydrogen source in this reaction. Using solutions of nickel nitrate of appropriate concentrations to obtain catalysts with concentrations 2.5, 5 and 10% nickel loaded on Egyptian kaolin. The prepared Ni catalysts were characterised using X-ray and SEM before and after reduction of p-nitrophenol. The results showed that the degree of crystallinity of nano nickel particles was decreased after the reduction with agglomeration of nano nickel particles. The reduction of p-nitrophenol was performed with different Ni-concentrations from 2.5-10%. The results showed that the increase of Ni-content led to a decrease of the time taken for complete reduction of p-nitrophenol and showed that Ni supported on kaolin was more active than the unsupported Ni catalyst for reduction of p-nitrophenol to p- aminophenol.

The present work aimed to study the influence of three gradualrates of nitrogenous fertilizer (ammonium nitrate; NH4NO3) and potassiumhumate at four doses and their interactions on vegetative growth and chemicalconstituents of Calotropis procera plants. The obtained results showed that allmorphological characteristics i.e. plant height, stem diameter, number ofbranches and leaves per plant, leaf area per plant, plant fresh and dry weights,root fresh and dry weights were inceased by application of different rates ofNH4NO3 and potassium humate fertilizer or their combinations. Also, plantstreated with NH4NO3 and potassium humate fertilizers showed a significantincrease in the contents of chlorophyll A and B, carotenoids, totalcarbohydrates(%), N%- P%- K% and total alkaloids of Calotropis proceraleaves as compared untreated (control) plant. While total phenolic and totalflavonoids contents were decreased with fertilization by different rates ofNH4NO3 and potassium humate. The highest values of total phenolic and totalflavonoids contents were obtained with applied the lowest fertilizer rates ofNH4NO3 (1g/ plant) and potassium humate at zero level.

A total of 1800 g fresh minced beef were divided into 6 equal groups (3x100 g of each). Bacilluscereus was inoculated into each group with infective dose 29x107 cfu/g. The used natural oils werethyme oil (0.6% and 1%), cinnamon oil (0.6% and 1%) and mixture of them (0.4 % from each). Theinoculated samples were stored at 4oC in refrigerator until be used. The inoculated groups wereexamined every 24 hours for sensory examination (overall acceptability) and B. cereus count. Theexperiment was performed in triplicate. Thyme oil (0.6 and 1%) decreased count of B. cereus(cfu/g) from 2.2x108(initial load) to 5.8x107and 8.8 x106with reduction percentages 73.63% and96% on 5th day and 6th day of storage, respectively. Cinnamon oil (0.6 and 1 %) decreased count ofB. cereus (cfu/g) to 9.8x107 and 6.1 x107 with reduction percentages 55.45% and 72.27% on 3rd dayand 5th day of storage, respectively. Mixture of (thyme and cinnamon oils) decreased count of B.cereus (cfu/g) to 8.6x106 with reduction percentage 96.09% on 6th day of storage. In control group B.cereus count increased from 2.2x108 (initial load) to 5.1x108 on 3rd day. Furthermore, thyme oil(1%) and mixture treated minced beef showed overall acceptability till 6th day of storage. Incomparison, thyme oil (0.6%) and cinnamon oil (1%) showed overall acceptability till 5th day.While, cinnamon oil (0.6%) and control group showed overall acceptability till 3rd day. Generally,mixture of thyme and cinnamon oils (0.4% of each) proved to be more efficient than otherconcentrations in suppression of B. cereus growth in minced beef, Therefore, It is recommended toimprove safety of the meat products.

The aim of the present study was to diagnose caseous lymphadenitis in sheep by PCR assay . A total of 1257 sheep from different flocks in Dakahlia governorate were clinically examined during the period of January 2014 to February 2015. sheep were classified according to the status of infection in the flocks to infected , incontact and free ones. 37 needle biopsy samples were randomly collected from 26 diseased, 7 incontact and 4 free examined sheep for PCR assay. rpoB gene was detected in 37 samples (100%) while PLD gene was in 18 samples (48.64%), from which 16 from diseased sheep and two from incontact ones, while not detected in free sheep. The PCR assay was rapid, specific and significant technique as bacterial culture in detecting corynbacterium pseudotuberculosis in needle biopsy samples from sheep

Global climatic changes limited the fresh water supply, which led to increasing the need for irrigation water. For this reason, the main objective of this study was to investigate the role of humic acid (HA), salicylic acid (SA) and thiamin (Vitamin B1) in increasing the Duranta plumeri resistance to irrigate with diluted seawater. The experiment was conducted on Duranta plumieri, (synonym to Duranta erecta L.) during the two successive seasons of 2014 and 2015 to estimate the effects of soil application with humic acid at 1000 and 2000ppm concentrations and foliar spraying plants with salicylic acid or thiamin at 250 and 500ppm combined with irrigation with diluted seawater at three concentrations: 2000, 4000 and 6000ppm on vegetative growth and associated with physiological parameters. The results revealed that the plant vegetative growth parameters were considerably affected by salinity stress. Plant height, the number of branches/plant and shoot fresh and dry weight were linearly decreased with the increasing in saline water concentration. Also, salt stress was negatively affected the total carbohydrate contents, photosynthetic pigments, reducing and non-reducing sugars and mineral uptake ( N,P,K and Mg) as well as higher contents of Na+ and Cl- elements. In contrast to this, SA, B1 or humic acid were induced a stimulatory effect on the all vegetative growth parameters in plants which irrigated with all diluted seawater concentrations. The highest values of vegetative parameters and total chlorophylls were obtained with humic acid at 1000 and 2000ppm concentrations under all salinity concentrations. SA enhanced the physiological processes in Duranta plants under saline conditions through increasing significantly the total carbohydrate and carotenoids contents, and reducing and non-reducing sugars. The exogenous application of thiamin significantly increased proline content in salinity stressed plants. The greatest contents of N,P,K and Mg in plants under salinity stress were obtained with soil application of humic acid followed them with the treatment of spraying with SA and B1. Also, these treatments led to decrease the contents of Na+ and Cl-. It could be recommended that soil application with humic acid at 2000ppm can ameliorate the negative effects of irrigation with diluted seawater up to 6000ppm salinity concentration and spraying Duranta plants with SA or B1 at 500ppm increased the growth and physiological processes under 4000ppm salinity.

Introduction: Among the reasons for patient dissatisfaction following penile prosthesis implantation (PPI) is decreased length, possibly due to implantation as per the flaccid stretched length, which is shorter than the erect length.Aim of Study: To examine safety of sizing implant length as per the erect state, and its efficacy in enhancing patient satisfaction, by evaluating outcome of implantation in patients with refractory ischemic priapism operated upon early enough before fibrosis sets in.Patients and Methods: Patients for the study were recruited in the past 2 years. Nineteen post-priapism patients comprised the study group (SG), and 21 non-priabitic cases comprised the control group (CG) who were treated for ED refractory to oral medication and intr-cavernosal injection. PPI was performed as per the erect length for the SG and the flaccid stretched length for the CG. At final follow up (46 ± 12.4 months), subjective patient’s impression of length compared to his recall of erect pre-ED/pre-priapism length was recorded as either “almost the same”, “shorter” or “longer”, and patient’s satisfaction with length was recorded on a 5-point Lickert scale. Complications were reported.Results: In the CG all patients reported a shorter length (100%), in contrast to 5.3% in the SG .Satisfaction with length was 57.1 % higher in the SG compared to CG (mean satisfaction 5, and 2.1 ± 0.96 respectively, p=0.048). None of the cases in either groups encountered anterior or posterior perforation/extrusion) or persistent pain beyond 2 months post-operatively. Clinical Implications: Penile prosthesis implantation as per the erect length and not the flaccid stretched length may be safe and effective in preserving length.Conclusion: Penile prosthesis implantation in the erect state post-priapism was safe and offered higher satisfaction with length, and it is therefore safe and favorable to implant prostheses as per the erect length in other cases

A series of silica supported Fe3O4(Fe3O4/SiO2) nanoparticleswith different Fe3O4 loadings was prepared by co-precipitationmethod. Structural characteristics of the prepared adsorbents were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM).The magnetic property was also determined. The adsorption performance of the samples was assessed in the removal of lead ions from aqueous solution. Experiments have been performed to study the effects of several parameters including solution pH, time, initial metal ion concentration and adsorbent dosage on the sorption efficiency. The results of the adsorption experiments indicated that the obtained adsorbents have excellent adsorption ability for the removal of lead ions.

A total of 330 camels ( Camelus dromedarius) of both sexes and with different ages, at different localities in Sharkia Governorate, Egypt, were examined clinically from April 2013 to March 2015. Some adult camels showed emaciation, edema of legs and abdomen which were suspected to be infected by Trypanosoma species. This study aimed to determine the seroprevalence of trypanosomiasis using indirect ELISA test and the results showed that 174 (52.7%) were infected. The infection rate was higher in males (54.8%) than females (42.2%), also, in camels more than 2-years old and in summer and spring seasons. Thirty blood samples from the examined animals by ELISA test (15 positive and 15 negative) were subjected to PCR. The results revealed that 18 samples were positive for T. evansi by PCR. Two positive samples for RoTat1.2 VSG encoding gene were chosen for DNA sequence analysis, one of them was obtained from newly imported camel in a camel farm at Belbais city and the other one belonged to a camel from one of Belbais villages at Sharkia Governorate. Nucleotide sequence alignment of RoTat1.2 VSG gene variants from Egyptian T. evansi showed some heterogeneity with other T. evansi isolates from Egypt. In conclusion, PCR technique is more sensitive and specific than ELISA for the diagnosis of T. evansi infection in camels.

Nickel nanoparticles and Ni supported on faujasite- zeolite were prepared by using a solution of nickel nitrate of appropriate concentrations. The catalysts with 2.5, 5 and 10% nickel were reduced with hydrazine hydrate in the presence of alkali and used in reduction of p-nitrophenol to p- aminophenol. The prepared Ni catalysts were characterised by X-ray and SEM before and after conducting the reduction of p-nitrophenol.The results showed that catalysts contains nano nickel were durable in reduction of p-nitro phenol to p- amino phenol. The Ni supported on faujasite-zeolite was more active than the unsupported Ni catalyst.