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Aim: The study aimed to evaluate the effect of health educational program on mothers’ knowledge and practices regarding care of children with trachoma. Study design: quasi-experimental design (pretest-posttest) used to conduct this study. Sample: The study sample includes 60 mothers caring for children with trachoma. Setting: This study was conducted at outpatient Ophthalmological clinics of Minia University hospital and ophthalmology hospital in Minia City .Tools: Three tools were utilized in this study; the first tool was an interviewing structured questionnaire sheet. The second tool: Mothers' knowledge regarding trachoma, and the third tool: self-reported practices scale. Results the minority (5%) of the studied mothers had high level of knowledge pre-educational program that increased to most (91.7%) of them immediately after the end of the educational program and a majority (88.3%) of them after one month of educational program with statistically significant differences. More than one third (41.7%) of them had good self-reported practices level pre-educational program increased to most (91.7%) of them immediately after the end of the educational program and more than majority (88.3%) of them after one month of an educational program with a highly statistically significant difference. Also, there was a strong positive association between mothers’ knowledge and their reported practices regarding trachoma at pre-educational program. Conclusion: The teaching program is effective in improving the knowledge and practices of mothers. It found that levels of knowledge and practices of mothers posttest were significantly higher compared to pretest.

Background: COVID-19 pandemic affected the global population, and infection is a high risk among nurses in the gastrointestinal endoscopy unit. Endoscopy is a diagnostic procedure that involves inserting a flexible fiber-optic tube into the esophagus, stomach, or upper small intestine, depending on the degree of suspected lesions. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of educational guidelines intervention regarding COVID -19 on nurses' knowledge and precautionary practices in gastrointestinal (GIT) endoscopes. Design: A quasi-experimental design was used. Setting: The study was carried out at the gastrointestinal endoscopy unit affiliated with General Portsaid Hospitals (Al-Mabarrah Hospital, Al-Amiri Hospital, Al-Zohour Hospital, Port Fouad Hospital, and Al-Tadamon Hospital). Sample: The study included a convenient sample of all endoscopy nursing personnel (30 nurses). Three tools for data collection: (1) Demographic structured interview sheet, (2) Nurses’ Covid-19 Knowledge Questionnaire, and (3) Nurses’ Covid- 19 Precautionary Practices Checklists. Results: More than one-third of the studied nurses received training courses regarding COVID-19 before. Almost three-quarters of the studied nurses reported that their main source of information about knowledge regarding COVID-19 was doctors. There was an improvement with a highly statistically significant difference between nurse's knowledge regarding COVID -19 pre/post one month of educational intervention (P

The aim of the present work was to investigate the effect of tiger nut on rats suffering from hypercholesterolemia. Forty-eight male albino rats weighing 160 ± 5 g were used in this study. The rats divided into two main groups, the 1st main group (n=6) was fed on the basal diet (-ve control).The 2nd group (n = 6) was fed on hypercholesterolemic diet with addition of 1% cholesterol +0.5% colic acid+10% corn oil to induce hypercholesterolemia. Groups (3-5) were fed on basal diet supplemented with (10, 15, 25%) tiger nut, respectively. Groups (6-8) were fed on hypercholesterolemic diet supplemented with (10, 15, 25%) from tiger nut. The results revealed that all hypercholesterolemic groups which treated with 10%, 15%, and 25% of tiger nut resulted a varied increase in body weight gain, feed intake and feed efficiency ratio. Results declared that there was a significant difference (P≤0.05) among the positive control group and cholesterol groups treated with the different levels of tiger nut in internal organ weights. On the other hand, data showed that there was no significant difference (P≥0.05) in organs weight between the negative control group, and the group which treated with 25% tiger nut rats group. The results showed a significant decrease in AST, ALT, ALP enzymes activity, creatinine, blood urea and uric acid for treated groups as compared with positive control group. Results indicated that hypercholesterolemic rat groups, which treated with 10,15 or 25% tiger nut resulted in significant decreases (P≤0.05) in the values of serum total cholesterol, T.G, LDL-cholesterol, VLDL and LDL-cholesterol but showed mostly significant increase (P≤0.05) in the values of serum HDL-cholesterol compared to control (+ve) group. Tiger nut also, lowered malondialdehyde, while raised glutathione in serum. So, the study recommended using tiger nut in diets to overcome the problems of hypercholesterolemia and also improving the liver and kidney functions. ملخص البحث التأثير الوقائى لحب العزيز على الفئران المصابه بارتفاع مستوى الکولسترول أجريت هذه الدراسة لمعرفة التاثير الوقائى لحب العزيز على الفئران التى تعانى من ارتفاع مستوى الکوليسترول. تم استخدام 48 من ذکور الفئران من سلالة الالبينو يتراوح وزنهم (160±5 جرام).تم تقسيم الفئران الى مجموعتين اساسيتين . المجموعة الاولي وهي المجموعة الضابطة السالبة وتتغذي علي الغذاء الاساسي فقط . المجموعة الثانية تغذت على الغذاء الاساسى بالاضافه الى 1%کوليسترول+05 حمض الکوليک لاحداث ارتفاع فى مستوى الکوليسترول للفئران. المجاميع من (3-5) تغذت علي الغذاء الاساسي فقط بالاضافه الى (25,15,10%) من حب العزيز على التوالى. المجاميع من(6-8) تم تغذيتهم على الغذاء العالى فى مستوى الکوليسترول مع اضافة (25,15,10%) من حب العزيز على التوالى لمدة 12 اسبوع. تشير نتائج تحليل الدم الى ارتفاع کلا من معدل الزيادة فى الوزن ,معدل تناول الطعام ومعدل کفاءة الطعام فى کل المجاميع التى تغذت على الغذاء العالى فى مستوى الکوليسترول عن المجموعه الضابطه السالبه. اوضحت النتائج ان هناک اختلاف فى الوزن الداخلى للاعضاء فى المجموعه الضابطه الموجبه والمجاميع التى تغذت على الکوليسترول و(10,15,25% ) من حب العزيز.بينما لم يکن هناک اختلاف معنوى بين المجموعه الضابطه السالبه والمجاميع الصحيه.اظهرت النتائج انخفاض معنوى فى انزيمات ,AST,ALT اليوريا والکرياتينين وحمض اليورک فى المجاميع التى تمت معالجتها مقارنة بالمجموعة الضابطه الموجبه .اظهرت النتائج انخفاض فى قيم کلا من (الکولسترول الکلى ,الدهون الثلاثيه ,البروتينات ذات الکثافة المنخفضة والبروتينات ذات الکثافة المنخفضة جدا بينما کان هناک غالبا ارتفاع ملحوظ فى قيم البروتينات المرتفعه الکثافة للفئران المصابه بارتفاع مستوى الکولسترول وتغذت على الثلاث مستويات المستخدمه من حب العزيز فى الدراسة . وقد ادت التغذيه على حب العزيز ايضا الى انخفاض مالون داى الدهيد وارتفاع الجلوتاثيون فى السيرم.الترکيب الکيميائى للأحماض الدهنية لحب العزيز مناسب للدفاع والحد من تدهور حاله الدهون .لذلک اوصت الدراسة باهميه استخدام حب العزيز فى الغذاء للتغلب على مشاکل ارتفاع مستوى الکوليسترول وايضا تحسين وظائف الکلى والکبد. الکلمات المفتاحية: الکولسترول – حب العزيز – وظائف الکلى –وظائف الکبد.

Background: A stroke is initiated by an disturbance in the blood supply to portions of the brain causing in injury of it that affects people’s lives and alterations their capability to live dependently and with quality. It has been proposed that special training, called ’a self-management, teaches people about reasons and controlling of stroke, helps them progress the skills to work with their complications and challenges. Aim: This study aimed to examine self-intervention on self-efficiency and activity daily living among patients with stroke. Design: Quasi experimental research design was used to reach the purpose of this research. Setting: This research was accompanied in neurological care unit of Menoufia University hospital, Egypt. Sample: purposeful sample of 100 patients who were admitted the neurological units at Menoufia, University. Tools: The data gathering instruments were Instrument (I) Structure interview questionnaire: that contain two parts Part I: Sociodemographic and clinical data, Part II: - Medical data, Instrument (2) Knowledge questionnaires sheet:- that contains four parts, Instrument (3) (SSQE) Stroke Self‐ Efficacy Questionnaire and Instrument (4) Barthel Index for Activities of Daily Living (ADL). Results: The chief outcomes of the research there was a statistically significant progress of total information score about stroke in the study group compared to the control group post and follow up of intervention (P=.000). There was statistically significant difference between the study group about the total score of evaluation of patients’ awareness about secondary stroke prevention pre, post and follow up intervention, There was statistically significant difference between the study group regarding the total score of SSQE Stroke Self‐ Efficacy pre , post and follow up intervention((P=.000)). Also, the total levels of Barthel Index for activities of everyday living score in the research had improved post and follow up intervention than control group. Conclusion: The study concluded that nursing intervention which include educational information, rehabilitation and awareness knowledge that increase self-efficiency, daily living activity that increase self-care abilities, decrease complication as well as improve stroke patients in the rehabilitation phase. Recommendation: Nursing intervention and education should be directed toward who are at danger of stroke and instruct about management and uppermost of follow ups, rehabilitation facilities in agreement with their level of education, in a language that is easily understandable. Apply updated protocol of different methods of nursing intervention that help stroke patients to control stress, hypertension, high risk factors through booklet and different methods of education and rehabilitation service.

Background: Patient safety is a worldwide concern with limited resources, recent healthcare systems are facing major factors in ensuring patient safety. Aim: This study aimed at investigating facilitators and barriers influencing patient safety as perceived by nurse interns. Research design: descriptive design was used. Setting: This study was carried out at two different faculties affiliated to Al-Azhar and Ain-Shams universities. Subjects and Methods: Subjects of the present study included 94 nurse interns from Al Azhar university and 125 nurse interns from Ain Shams university. The tool: Nurse Intern’s perception of patient safety factors questionnaire. It was consisted two parts as follows: Part 1:" personal data " ;Part 2: include "facilitators and barriers facing interns regarding patient safety". The main results: There was no statistically significant difference between two groups regarding to total patient safety factors. The current study concluded that the study findings didn't support the study hypothesis, where there is no differences between nurse intern's perception of facilitators and barriers of patient safety at both Ain Shams University Hospitals and Al Azhar University Hospitals. Recommendations: Patient's safety competencies must be incorporated in the nursing education programs, which will enable interns to practice patient care safely while their training

This research aims to define the students' satisfaction level at Umm Al-Qura ‎University with the e-learning systems (Blackboard & D2L), in addition, it ‎investigates whether there are differences in the evaluation of Umm Al-Qura ‎University students for e-learning systems (Blackboard & D2L) due to the gender ‎variable (Male/ Female).‎ To achieve these goals, a descriptive analysis methodology used in this research, ‎the sample consisted of (513) students, (174) male, and (339) female at Umm Al-Qura ‎University in the the academic year 2019/2020. The sample were asked to complete a ‎‎5-point likert scale questionnaire to collect the required data. Validity and reliability of ‎the questionnaire were guaranteed. ‎ The results revealed that students are highly satisfied with the both of e-learning ‎systems (Blackboard & D2L). There is no statistically significant difference between ‎the average scores of males and females in the evaluation of the e-learning system ‎‎(Blackboard). There is a statistically significant difference between the mean scores of ‎males and females in the D2L system evaluation in favor of females

Introduction: Conservative caries removal is the corner stone of minimally invasive dentistry. Ceramic bur is a self-limiting technique for caries removal in pediatric dentistry.Objectives: The aim of the study is to evaluate microleakage of adhesive restorations (in vitro) using Ceramic bur to remove caries versus conventional drilling method.Materials and methods: forty exfoliated carious primary teeth were allocated at random into two groups according to method of caries removal. Group I (n=20) caries removal by Ceramic bur, Group II (n=20) caries removal by conventional tungsten carbide bur, followed by composite restorations of all prepared cavities. Teeth were thermo-cycled for 500 cycles between 5 C and 55 C, dwell time 10 seconds for 500 cycles and immersed into one percent methylene blue dye for 24h.Teeth were sectioned in a bucco-lingual direction longitudinally and then studied using stereomicroscope at x20 magnification for dye penetration assessment. Data were collected and subjected to Mann Whitney U test. Results: No significant difference was noted in median microleakage scores and distance of stain penetration in millimeters between the two groups (Ceramic bur) and (conventional tungsten carbide bur) at a p value (0.097) and (0.289) respectively.Conclusion: Microleakage of composite restoration is not adversely affected by caries removal using Ceramic bur.

Objectives: To evaluate in vitro, the effect of Nano-hydroxyapatite (NHA) toothpaste in comparison with fluoridated toothpaste on remineralization of caries like lesion in the enamel of primary teeth.Materials and methods: sixty sound primary anterior teeth were coated with nail varnish; leaving squares of 3x3 mm on facial surface then 40 teeth of them were divided into two groups. Group (I) n=20 treated by NHA toothpaste and group (II) n=20 treated by fluoridated toothpaste contains sodium monofluorophosphate (1450 ppm F). They were examined with Vickers Microhardness device. The rest 20 teeth were divided into two groups (III and IV). They were sectioned longitudinally in a labiolingual direction into two equal halves, mesial half not treated (sub group IIIA) and distal half treated by NHA (sub group IIIB). Mesial half not treated (sub group IVA) and distal half treated by fluoridated toothpaste (sub group IVB). Specimens were evaluated quantitatively and qualitatively with Polarized Light Microscope.Results: The microhardness of teeth significantly decreased following acid exposure but increased again in both groups after exposure to toothpastes. The NHA toothpaste non-significantly increase percent change of microhardness by 1.65 times than Fluoridated toothpaste (p = 0.06). The percent differences in lesion depth between test group IIIB and its control group IIIA was -58.96 ± 9.04, whereas between test group IVB and its control IVA was -56.26 ± 17.43. There was no statistically significant difference between the two values (P=0.67).Conclusion: NHA and Fluoridated toothpastes are equally effective as remineralizing materials for the enamel.

This study investigated the effectiveness of using An ESP program based on Cognitive Academic Language Learning Approach (CALLA) in developing academic reading and technical writing among Microbiology and Biochemistry first year students at the Faculty of Science, Obourr Campus, Benha University. The study followed a pre-post experimental one group design. The participants were 37 students. The researcher used a needs analysis questionnaire to determine their academic needs. Moreover, the results of the questionnaire indicted their needs to academic reading and technical writing skills. The researcher designed academic reading test and technical writing test. Students were pre-tested, to identify their entry level of academic reading and technical writing skills .Then; they were trained through the ESP CALLA- based program on how to develop their academic reading and technical writing skills. The post-test was applied to the participants to assess the progress in their level of performance in academic reading and technical writing skills. Findings of the study revealed that there was statistically a significant difference at 0.01 in the pre- and post-assessment of academic reading and technical writing skills in favour of the post-assessment. Therefore, the ESP program that based on CALLA was effective in enhancing academic reading and technical writing skills.

Background:The study of dental morphological characteristics is useful for providing information for phylogenic, anthropological, forensic and genetic studies and understanding variations within and among species.The aim of the study was to investigate, compare and document the distinctive cuspal outlines and groove patterns of permanent maxillary molars in a sample of Egyptian population, this was performed morphologically through study casts inspection, followed by statistical analysis of the collected data. Materials and Methods: 50 upper study casts models of patients aged above 21 years from the Orthodontic Department of Faculty of Dentistry at Ain Shams University with all maxillary molars teeth present were collected. Results: Regarding cusp number and groove pattern of maxillary molars, M1 showed prevalence of 4H groove pattern while 3 cusps and U groove pattern was the most common pattern for M2&M3.Regarding the frequency of molar tubercle (tubercle of carabelli), M1 showed prevalence of type I molar tubercle(depression), while the absence of the molar tubercle was the most common pattern for M2 &M3.Occlusal outline of M1 showed prevalence of the rhomboidal outline while M3 showed prevalence of triangle outline. Statistical results showed significant difference between the maxillary molars.Conclusions: The morphological characteristics of teeth in a sample of Egyptian population were consistent with those of other studies performed on different populations using similar methodology.

Objective: The present study evaluated marginal bone level around immediate loaded implants using one piece and two piece implants. Subjects and methods: A group of 22 patients were divided into two groups; Group 1: 11 Patients received immediate loaded implant placement using one piece implants. Group 2: 11 Patients received immediate loaded implant placement using two piece implants. According to clinical evaluation; plaque Index, gingival Index and peri-implant probing depth were recorded and measured at three and six months and nine months, also implant quality score was measured. Radiographically, marginal bone level was measured and bone density and compared in three months, six months, nine months. Results: Group 1 showed a significant decrease in the peri-implant probing depth compared to Group 2. Group 1 showed significant buccal marginal bone loss than Group 2 allover the time intervals. There is no significant difference in the palatal or mesial or distal surface between the two groups. Also no significant difference between the two groups including plaque index or gingival index or bone density. Concerning the implant quality scale; 100% of group 2 were scale 1 , while 50% of group 1 were considered scale 1. Conclusion: immediate loading of two piece dental implants appeared significantly superior than one piece type.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare clinically and radiographically between the single three-dimensional Trapezoidal plate versus the traditional two non-parallel miniplates in ORIF of unilateral displaced subcondylar fractures. Patients and Methods: A total of 24 patients suffering from unilateral displaced subcondylar fractures were randomly divided into two equal groups; Group I patients were treated using single trapezoidal plates while Group II patients were treated using the traditional two miniplates. The clinical parameters include; the Hardware application time, maximum interincisal opening, Protrusive, ipsilateral and contralateral movements, mandibular mobility index, Helkimo index of mandibular dysfunction, facial nerve weakness and plate fracture. Radiographic parameters included: Vertical height of the ramus, anteroposterior and mediolateral condylar angulations. All the clinical and radiographic outcomes were assessed and statistically analysed preoperatively and at all post-operative follow-up intervals. Results: Group I showed a statistically significant lower hardware fixation time in comparison to Group II. Both groups showed no significant difference regarding MMO, protrusive, ipsilateral and contralateral movements. Moreover, the difference regarding vertical ramus height, anteroposterior, and mediolateral condyle angulations was statistically insignificant. Two patients of group II had Plate fracture at the 1-month follow-up interval. Transient weakness of the frontal branch of the facial nerve was observed immediately post-operatively in two patients of group II and recovered completely within 3 months. Conclusion: The results of the present study support the superiority of the single Trapezoidal plates in ORIF of displaced subcondylar fractures with special recommendation for high subcondylar fractures.

Background: During canine retraction, orthodontic forces are applied away from the tooth’s center of resistance. This introduces canine distal tipping and mesiobuccal rotation. The correction of these unwanted movements will prolong treatment time. Applying the force closer to the center of resistance should decrease this unwanted tooth movement. Objective: Compare the canine angulation and rotation during canine retraction with and without the use of power arm. Materials and Methods: Twenty-four female orthodontic patients (age 19.32± 4.17 years) with dental Class II indicated for bilateral maxillary first premolar extraction and maximum anchorage were included in this study. The canines were retracted with elastomeric chains over 0.016” X 0.022” statinless steel arch wires to reduce friction. The retraction force was 150g. In twelve patients, the canines were retracted using a power arm fixed to the vertical slots of the canine brackets. For the other twelve patients, the elastic chains were attached to the bracket hooks. Results: Before treatment, the canine angulation and rotation was similar for the two groups. The canine angulation was 12.38± 8.27 and 14.5o± 9.41 for the group with the power arm and without, respectively. while canine rotation was 64.74o± 11.65 and 63.12o± 14.88, respectively. Post-retraction, there was no significant difference in the canine angulation or rotation between the groups. Conclusion: Compared to canine retraction with a power arm, conventional canine retraction with elastomeric chains attached to the bracket hook may provide similar control over distal tipping, provided a stiff 0.017” X 0.025” stainless steel arch wire is used.

A comparative study was done regarding patient satisfaction between telescopic retained implant supported and retained over-denture prosthesis on four implants and a screw retained hybrid prosthesis rehabilitation also retained by four implants in patients with a completely edentulous mandible. Twenty patients were evaluated in this study, split into two groups. Regarding the evaluation of the patient satisfaction it was tested using a quantitative method, by asking the twenty patients different questions in a questionnaire. After an appropriate follow –up period from 2 weeks, to 12 months in both groups (telescopic retained overdenture and screw retained hybrid restoration), the results revealed the following; there was no statistically significant difference after 3 months as well as from 3 to 6 months and also from 6 to 9 months. Also there was a none statistically significant difference from 9 to 12 months, regarding patient satisfaction. In conclusion patients were equally satisfied with both prosthetic options.

Introduction: Excessive implant angulation, leads to increased maintenance of the prosthesis .This research aimed to evaluate the retentive power and wear of the equator with smart box attachment use with 10 degree tilted two implant assisted mandibular overdenture .Material and methods:: this in-vitro was carried on six mandibular completely edentulous casts which received two mandibular implant in the cuspid region bilaterally .the cast divided into 2 equal group. (Groups I) OT equator with smartbox attachment and (Groups II) ball attachment .The overdenture were subjected to 1440 cyclic loads. The retention values and wear of the attachments were recorded baseline and after 0, 720, and 1440 cycles .Result: Comparison between both groups was performed using Independent t-test which revealed significant difference after 1400 cycle P

هدف البحث الحالي التعرف على أثر أنماط تقديم التغذية الراجعة التصحيحية النقاله في تنمية مهارات الواقع المعزز والإنخراط في التعلم لدى طالبات کلية التربية للطفولة المبکرة، وقد تکونت عينة البحث من (42) طالبة من طالبات کلية التربية للطفولة المبکرة، وتم تقسيمهن إلى مجموعتين تجريبتين، التجريبية الأولى استخدمت التغذية الراجعة التصحيحة النقالة الفوريه، والتجريبية الثانية استخدمت التغذية الراجعة التصحيحة النقاله المؤجله، وتوصل البحث إلى: وجود فرق ذو دلالة إحصائية عند مستوى (0.05α≤) بين متوسطي درجات طالبات کلية التربية للطفولة المبکرة في التطبيق البعدي للاختبار التحصيلي وبطاقة ملاحظة مهارات الواقع المعزز يرجع إلى الأثر الأساسي لأنماط تقديم التغذية الراجعة التصحيحية النقاله (فوريه/ مؤجله) لصالح المجموعة التجريبية الأولى (التغذية الراجعة النقاله الفورية)، وکذلک أظهرت النتائج وجود فرق ذو دلالة إحصائية عند مستوى (0.05α≤) بين متوسطي درجات طالبات کلية التربية للطفولة المبکرة في التطبيق البعدي لاختبار الإنخراط في التعلم يرجع إلى الأثر الأساسي لأنماط تقديم التغذية الراجعة التصحيحية النقاله (فوريه/ مؤجله) لصالح المجموعة التجريبية الأولى (التغذية الراجعة النقاله الفورية). الکلمات المفتاحية: التعلم النقال، التغذية الراجعة التصحيحية النقالة، مهارات الواقع المعزز، الإنخراط في التعلم. Abstract: The aim of the current research is to identify the impact of mobile corrective feedback on developing augmented reality skills and engaging in learning among female students of the College of Early Childhood Education, The research sample consisted of (42) female students from the College of Early Childhood Education, They were divided into two experimental groups, the first experimental used the immediate mobile corrective feedback, and the second experimental used the delayed mobile corrective feedback, The research found: There is a statistically significant difference at the level (0.05) between the mean scores of the female students of the College of Early Childhood Education in the post application of the achievement test and the observation card of augmented reality skills due to the main effect of the patterns of providing mobile corrective feedback (immediate / deferred) in for The first experimental group (immediate mobile feedback), The results also showed the existence of a statistically significant difference at the level (0.05) between the mean scores of the female students of the College of Early Childhood Education in the post application of the learning engagement test due to the main effect of the patterns of providing mobile corrective feedback (immediate / delayed) in for the first experimental group ( instant mobile feedback). Keywords: mobile learning, mobile corrective feedback, augmented reality skills, engaging in learning.

Introduction: This study was to compare the effect of combining agitation techniques on bacterial biofilm eradication to their effect separately. Methods and Materials: Cleaning and shaping was performed on human premolars then divided randomly to four groups: passive syringe irrigation, passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI) , XP- endo Finisher (XPF) (FKG Dentaire, Swiss Endo, Switzerland) and combined (PUI and XPF). Bacterial biofilm was evaluated using Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope (CLSM). Two-way mixed model ANOVA to evaluate different tested variables along with interactions . Pairwise t-tests with Bonferroni correction compared main and simple effects. The statistical significance level was set at P < 0.05. Results: There was no significant difference on combining agitation techniques (PUI and XPF) in comparison to single technique agitation. PUI showed highest significance in comparison to other irrigation techniques. Regardless of agitation technique apical third showed highest percentage of dead bacterial followed by middle and coronal thirds. Conclusion: Complete eradication of bacterial biofilm is impossible. Regardless of the agitation technique used bacterial elimination is better in comparison to passive syringe irrigation.

Background: Many studies reported using CAD/CAM technology in implant-supported prostheses. However, few studies reported its use in complete dentures. The aim of this study is to compare the Maximum Biting Force (MBF) and chewing efficiency of complete dentures fabricated by conventional, rapid prototyping and milling techniques. Materials and Methods: This is a clinical study with a cross-over design where 27 completely edentulous participants were divided in a random order into 3 equal groups as 1. received conventional complete denture 2. received 3D printed complete dentures 3. received milled complete dentures. Assessment of MBF was performed after denture insertion at 1 week, 1 month and 3 months, using Flexiforce A 301® force sensor. Mixing ability test was used to assess chewing efficiency 3 months after denture insertion. Repeated measure ANOVA test and Paired sample t-test were used with P ≤ 0.05 level of significance. Results: Regarding the MBF, there was a statistically significant increase (p < 0.001) in the MBF at 1w, 1m and 3m follow-up periods in all three groups. There was a statistically significant difference in chewing efficiency between 5, 10, 20, 30 and 50 strokes and between the three groups (p < 0.001). MBF and chewing efficiency increased significantly (p < 0.001) in Printed CAD/CAM and Milled CAD/CAM groups when compared to conventional complete dentures. Milled group showed a statistically significant improvement (p < 0.001) in MBF and chewing efficiency when compared to Printed group. Conclusion: The CAD/CAM fabricated dentures showed better results in terms of MBF and chewing efficiency compared to conventional complete denture.

Background: Strategic multidisciplinary protocols for enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) have demonstrated reductions in length of hospital stay (LOS), morbidity, and costs in conjunction with bariatric procedures, Although enhanced recovery after surgery has made great progress in the field of surgery, the guidelines point to the lack of high-quality evidence in upper gastrointestinal surgery. Objectives: To evaluate the outcomes of ERAS program in sleeve gastrectomy. Patients and methods: This was a randomized clinical trial that was carried out at Al-Hussein Hospital, Al-Azhar University. The study was conducted on 50 patients. All patients underwent sleeve gastrectomy during the study period. The patients in the group A received conventional perioperative care plan, and ERAS perioperative care plan was given to the patients in the group B. Results: There was a significant difference between the two studied groups regarding complications which were more frequent in group A. There was a significant difference between the two studied groups regarding early oral intake, drain from components compliance, and overall compliance. Conclusion: The enhanced recovery after surgery protocol in the setting of bariatric surgery shortened hospital stay and was cost-effective. There was no increase in perioperative morbidity. Enhanced recovery after surgery was safe, effective in laparoscopic bariatric surgery, and can be further clinically popularized.

Objective: This in vitro study was performed to assess the marginal accuracy and internal adaptation of CAD/CAM fabricated endocrowns restoring endodontically treated molars with two different designs and materials. Materials and methods: Forty extracted maxillary first molar teeth were divided into two main groups (n=20) according to the preparation designs: group B: (Butt joint) & group S (Shoulder finish line): and each group was subdivided into two subgroups (n=10) according to materials: group E: lithium disilicate glass-ceramic (IPS e.max CAD; Ivoclar Vivadent AG) & group C: hybrid nanoceramic (Cerasmart; GC Corp). A digital scan was made with a digital scanner (Identica Hybrid Scanner; Germany) and virtual endocrowns were milled with a 5-axis milling machine ((Imes-Icore; CORiTEC250i; Germany). The silicone replica technique and a stereomicroscope (25X) were used to measure the marginal and internal gaps of endocrowns at different points. All data were statistically analyzed using three-way ANOVA test with Post Hoc Tukey test to detect pair-wise comparison. Student's t-test also was used. Results: There was a statistically significant difference between the preparation designs on the marginal integrity and internal adaptation (p 0.05). Conclusions: All tested groups showed acceptable marginal and internal gaps mean values. Butt joint design showed a better effect than shoulder finish line design on the marginal integrity and internal adaptation. Cerasmart showed a better effect than IPS e.max CAD on the internal adaptation.

Background: As the world experiences successive waves of corona virus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, global efforts to develop and distribute an effective vaccine produced several promising options. The aim of our study was to assess the difference in pulmonary involvement between vaccinated and unvaccinated patients among Egyptians. Patients and methods: Our study involved 234 patients who were tested positive for COVID-19 and had classic symptoms. They were split into 2 groups: group 1 (131 unvaccinated patients), and group 2 (103 fully vaccinated patients). Patients underwent high resolution computed tomography (HRCT) of the chest. All scans were evaluated, and CT severity score (CT-SS) was calculated. Results: For group 1 the patients’ ages ranged from 19 to 84, mean = 44.5 years (+ 16.2 SD), 76 (58%) males and 55 (42%) females, while group 2 age ranged from 18 to 85, mean (+SD)= 42.2 years (+ 16.6), 59 (57.3%) males and 44 (42.7%) females”. The presence of ground glass opacities and white lung sign varied significantly between both groups (P=0.001 and 0.002 respectively). For other recorded signs no significant difference was detected. The mean computed tomography severity score (CT-SS) for group 1 was 11.25 (± 6.6 SD). While for group 2 it was 6.32 (± 4.33 SD). The difference between studied groups was highly significant (P

Purpose: To study the effect of two ready-made intra-radicular cemented attachments on abutment teeth periodontium of two canine tooth supported mandibular overdenture (OD) in 3 years study period. Materials and Methods: Ten patients with edentulous maxilla & a mandibular arch with only two canines remaining were selected based on certain criteria. All patients received maxillary complete dentures and an attachment-retained mandibular OD ; 1) Group [A] received magnetic attachment-retained OD, and 2) Group [B] received O-ring attachment-retained OD. Modified Gingival index (MGI), clinical attachment loss (CAL) and marginal bone changes (MBC) were investigated along a 3 years follow up period. Results: MGI results showed no statistically significant difference both in inter- & intra-group results. CAL results showed significant differences between successive periods of the same group with no difference between the two groups in comparable periods. Comparison of ∆ CAL values between groups in comparable periods also showed no statistical difference, but the sum of ∆ CAL in all 3 years showed statistical difference. Comparison of ∆ MBC values between groups in comparable periods showed statistical difference in the 2nd & 3rd follow-ups as well as in all 3 years combined. ∆ MBC & ∆ CAL, showed a weak positive correlation coefficient 0.368 in group 1, and a strong positive correlation 0.942 in group 2. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the two canine-supported mandibular overdenture, retained either by ball and socket or magnetic attachments, is an acceptable treatment modality with predictable clinical results from a periodontal point of view.

Aim: The purpose of this study was to evaluate fluoride release and recharging ability of glass ionomer cement incorporating hydroxyapatite nanoparticles. Materials and methods: Hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (NHA) were prepared by wet chemical method, the experimental material powder (GIC- NHA hybrid) was made by combining different weight percent (1%, 5% and 10%) of nano-hydroxyapatite (NHA) powder with GIC powder. Forty disks were prepared and divided into 4 groups, ten specimens from each tested material (n=10), Control group standard GIC, GIC with 1% NHA, GIC with 5% NHA and GIC with 10% NHA. Each specimen was placed in a plastic tube containing 1 ml deionized water, stored at 37°C in an incubator and measurements of fluoride release were determined one day, one week, two week and one month using multi-parameter bench photometer. For evaluation of recharge ability, re-fluoridation of each tested disc was carried on day 30 after measurement of fluoride release and the previous procedures of fluoride release measurements were repeated again. Results: before and after recharge there was a statistically significant difference in the mean value of fluoride ion release between the control and (1%) groups, as well as a statistically significant difference between the control group and both (5% and 10%) groups, with the highest mean value recorded in (10%) group. Between the different testing intervals used in the study, there was a statistically significant difference where (P

Objective: To Compare and contrast different intraoral autogenous grafts for 3D reconstruction of atrophic anterior maxillae, to receive dental implants. Patients & Methods: Twelve patients suffering from anterior maxillary bone resorption and in need for bone augmentation to be able to place dental implants were included in this study. Autogenous bone grafts were harvested from either the symphyseal region (Group A) or the retromolar region (Group B). Assessments were performed using CBCT both pre- and post-operatively; as well as, clinically on delayed implant placement. Results: Both groups showed significant bone formation at 4 months postoperatively, and implants were placed with adequate initial stability. Group A, showed significantly higher insertion torque mainly occlusal and midway upon placement than Group B. All cases had uneventful fixed prosthetic loading of implants. Conclusion: Both symphyseal and retromolar intraoral donor graft sites provide successful graft material for anterior maxillary 3D reconstruction, however, the symphyseal grafts despite providing better initial stability for implants, yet, were less perceivable by the patients regarding postoperative pain and oedema; and provided no significant difference regarding successful loading of dental implants with fixed prosthetics.

The study was done on 120 newly hatched brown Japanese quail obtained from local Egyptian hatcheries, randomly divided into two groups. The 1st group was reared on cage system (CS), and 2nd group was reared on floor system (FS) (60 chicks per group/ 3 replicates, 20 chick/replicate), to investigate the effect of housing on the hygiene, performance, survivability, and economic efficiency of quails. The results showed that the total aerobic bacteria (TAB) of cloacal swabs had non-significant differences between CS, and FS. The higher TAB, E. coli, and total fungal count (TFC) were recorded in FS in feed, water, litter, and floor swabs samples, CS was more hygienic rearing system for quails. Moreover, the higher TAB, E. coli, and lactobacillus were recorded in intestinal samples collected from quails on FS (Log10 CFU/g 5.34, 4.47, and 3.96, respectively). There were no significant difference in immunoglobulin G, interleukin 2 & 6, Malondialdehyde, Superoxide Dismutase, and catalase activity between both rearing systems. Regarding performance parameters, the higher body weight, and feed consumption were achieved in Japanese quails reared on FS. Moreover, the rearing system had no significant influence on the performance, and carcass traits. From the economic point of view, FS had higher feed cost, total variable cost, total cost, and cost of each kg body weight gain from feed than those reared on CS. While, the net profit, gross margin, benefit cost ratio, return on investment, and net profit for each kg body weight gain were non-significantly higher in CS than FS.

Wounds of diabetic patients often require weeks of adequate and appropriate care for full recovery. The use of systemic insulin in diabetic patients was reported to enhance wound healing. Thus, the present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of topical insulin on diabetic wounds. Our objective was to compare the effectiveness of topical short and long acting insulin combined with standard wound dressings in healing of wounds in diabetic patients. Thirty adult patients of both sexes from the outpatient settings of the General and Plastic surgery wards at Minia University Hospital were included in the study. Patients were assigned into three groups; control, patients applying short acting insulin and those applying long-acting insulin. The wounds were compared for healing time, inflammation and pain at days 0, 14, and 21. The mean age of patients included in the study was 58.9±5.3 years. The unit healing time for diabetic control group was 25.1±22.9 which was significantly higher than the two other groups (10.02±5.4 and 5.1±2.4, respectively) with no significant difference between topical short and long-acting insulin applying groups. Upon scoring of wounds, the long acting score of the short acting insulin was significantly lower than the control group at day 14 (p=0.001) while both topical insulin groups showed significantly reduced scores at day 21 compared to the control group (p=0.001 and p=0.009 for short and long-acting insulin, respectively). Both topical insulin treatments resulted in an acceleration of the wound healing process with no significant difference between short and long-acting insulin.

Objective: The aim of the study was to investigate color change, color stability and post bleaching hypersensitivity after performing 3 bleaching protocols, (LASER-activated, light-activated and chemically-activated) at different time intervals. Methods: Patients were randomly assigned into three treatment groups (n=13). Group A received laser bleaching (J.W. Power Bleaching NEXT, 35 % hydrogen peroxide), group B received light-activated bleaching (Philips ZOOM, 25% hydrogen peroxide), and group C received chemical activated bleaching Dash Philips, 30% hydrogen peroxide). Each group received the treatment according to the manufacturer’s recommendations, followed by the desensitizing agent of each kit. Outcome assessment was performed for teeth shade and post bleaching hypersensitivity preoperatively, immediate, three months, and six months post-operatively using a spectrophotometer (Vita Easyshade, Vivadent, Germany). Results: The study showed that there was no significant difference in color change between the three tested groups. LASER-activated bleaching protocol showed no significant difference in median ∆E throughout the study. Light activated bleaching showed decrease in median ∆E three to six months while in chemical-activated bleaching from zero to three months. Post-bleaching hypersensitivity, results showed no significant difference between the three tested groups. Conclusion: All three bleaching methods can be used upon individual’s preference. LASER-activated bleaching group showed superior color stability over time. It can be satisfactory for patients seeking good results with reduced chair time. Keywords: bleaching, post bleaching hypersensitivity, laser, color stability

Aim: To compare the amount of extruded debris with three endodontic NiTi engine driven systems, Protaper Next, Hyflex CM and EdgeFile X7. Material and Methods: A total number of 42 freshly extracted human premolars were selected. Teeth were divided randomly into three equal groups (14 teeth each group) according to type of Ni-Ti rotary file system; (A) Protaper Next, (B) Hyflex CM and (C) EdgeFile X7. Standard Access cavity prepared and checked for patency using K file #10 and #15. Root canal instrumentation on the single canal lower premolars was done. Debris was collected after root canal instrumentation in pre-weighed Eppendorf tubes. The Eppendorf tubes were weighed 2 times on the analytical balance. First weight: Before instrumentation. Second weight: After evaporation of moisture and irrigant and incubation. Welch test was used for comparison between the three groups. Results: There was no statistically significant difference between the amounts of debris extrusion of the three groups Conclusion: All endodontic rotary instruments tested produced apical extrusion of debris.

Aim: This study aimed to evaluate two different approaches; subtarsal and transconjunctival approaches for reduction and fixation of ZMC fractures with the aid of Carrol-Girrard T -bar screw regarding the accessibility to the surgical site, adequacy of reduction and incidence of postoperative complications. Materials and Method: twenty patients suffering from zygomatico- maxillary complex fracture (ZMC) were selected conveniently and randomly divided into two equal groups. Transconjunctival incision was used for accessing the fractured ZMC in the study group, while the subtarsal approach was used in the control group. The reduction and fixation in both groups was achieved using the Carrol-Girrard T bar screw. Results: No statistically significant difference was seen among both groups in terms of postoperative pain, edema, ocular or sensory complications and adequacy of ZMC reduction. Conclusion: Transconjunctival incision for the exposure of the infraorbital rim and orbital floor combined with the use of Carroll-Girrard T- bar screw for the reduction and management of ZMC fracture is a convenient approach with minimal reported intra or postoperative complications.

This study was designed to assess the efficacy of biodegradable gelatin / Beta-tricalcium phosphate sponge socked in concentrated growth factors (CGF) in treating periodontal intra-bony defects, as compared with biodegradable gelatin /beta-tricalcium phosphate sponges alone. Materials and Methods: Twenty intra-bony defects ≥4 mm and pocket depth (PD) ≥5 mm in 20 patients were selected from the outpatient clinic of Oral Periodontology Clinic, Faculty of Dentistry, Tanta University to join in this study. Patients were randomly allocated into two groups 10 patients each. Group I was treated by surgery plus biodegradable gelatin /beta-tricalcium phosphate sponges, (control group). Group II was treated by gelatin/beta-tricalcium phosphate sponges socked in CGF. Bleeding on probing (BOP), PD, and clinical attachment level (CAL) were measured at baseline, 3, and 6months periods. Cone beam radiographs were taken at baseline, and 6 months after surgery evaluating the area of the defect (AD) and bone density (BD). Results: Both groups showed significant improvement in clinical parameters (P≤0.05). There were statistically significant differences in all investigated parameters between the two groups at 3 and 6 months in favor of group II, except for CAL there was no significant difference between them at 6 months. A significant decrease of DA and increase in BD at 6 months was noted for both groups with significant differences between them in favor of group II (P

Background: Peripheral nerve lesions are common and severe injuries that impact about 2.8% of traumatic patients annually, and result in lifetime disability if untreated. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effect of corticosteroids vs hyaluronic acid in peripheral nerve healing in rats. Patients and methods: This was experimental and histopathological study that had included (18) Sprague-Dawley rats with an average weight of 300–350 gm. All rats were divided into three groups (n=6 per group). Group 1; Corticosteroids was injected under epineurium after primary repair. Group 2; Hyaluronic acid group: the site of anastomosis was coated by hyaluronic acid after primary repair. Group 3; Primary repair only was done. Results: 100% of cases in group 1 and group 2 showed satisfactory wound healing and 83.3% in group3 showed satisfactory wound healing with no significant difference between them. Conclusion: There was an increase in the number of regenerated nerve fibers in the corticosteroids and hyaluronic acid especially on the distal end in comparison to the control group.

The use of stabilization repositioning splints (SRS) to treat muscular TMDs is a growing practice owing to its’ effectiveness and simplicity. The conventional construction procedure requires meticulous occlusal adjustments which consumes considerable chairside time. Changing the procedure to a full digital approach might decrease the chair side time. Aim: To evaluate the chairside time required to construct SRS with conventional impression procedure compared to intra oral scanning and printing. Materials and methods: 30 patients suffering from muscular TMDs were allocated into 2 groups. Group 1 received SRS made out of a vacuum sheet formed over a dental model and modified with cold cured resin. Group 2 received SRS made from intra oral scans and digitally constructed and 3D printed. The time needed in the impression appointment and SRS fitting appointment was calculated. Patients were followed for 8 weeks to evaluate improvement of pain scores and range of mandibular opening. Results: regarding the treatment time the impression appointment time was statistically insignificant for both groups (13.15±1.77) and (12.47±1.96) minutes for groups 1 and 2 respectively. For the fitting appointment the duration showed statistical significant decrease when comparing group 2 (4.49±1.42 min) to group 1 (36.51±6.21min). For both group there was a statistical improvement in pain score and maximum incisal opening, yet there was no statistical significant difference between group 1 and 2. Conclusion: construction SRS with intra oral scans yielded the same patient improvement when compared to conventional construction technique but with significant decrease in the required chairside time

Background: Flexible flatfeet are a common deformity that affects youngsters and persists throughout their lives, and it is considered to be a contributing factor in many lower limb accidents and low back discomfort. Core muscles function as trunk stabilisers, and any disruption or weakening in these muscles puts a person at risk for low back discomfort and lower limb injury. Objective: We aimed to compare the core muscles’ endurance between adolescents with and without flexible flatfeet. Patients and Methods: Thirty participants with bilateral flexible flatfeet (study group) were compared with thirty healthy participants (control group). Navicular drop test (NDT) was used to evaluate the medial longitudinal arch. Modified back extensors, modified flexion and lateral muscles’ endurance tests were used to evaluate the endurance of the core muscles. Results: There was no significant difference found in the trunk lateral muscles for left bridge (p = 0.38) and right bridge (p = 0.70) endurance time between both groups. Conclusion: There is no significant difference in the endurance of the lateral core muscles between adolescents with and without flexible flatfeet at the selected age in the early adolescent stage.

Aim: to investigate effect of different treatment modalities of white spot lesions on microhardness of human enamel. Materials and methods: twenty-four recently extracted sound human maxillary incisor teeth were collected. Teeth were divided at random into six groups (10 each) that were summarized as follows: Group 1: sound unprepared teeth (base line control); Groups 2: demineralized enamel (negative control), Group 3: Demineralized enamel treated by resin infiltration (ICON), Group 4: demineralized enamel treated by bioactive glass (Sylc powder) as remineralizing agent, Group 5: demineralized enamel treated by fluoride varnish ( positive control), Group 6: Demineralized enamel treated by microabrasion. Teeth were embedded in the acrylic blocks with their labial surface flushed with the flat surface of the mold. All specimens except the base line control specimens were demineralized. Each group was treated with the assigned treatment according to manufacturer’s recommendations. The microhardness measurements were performed using a Vickers Microhardness Tester with a Vickers diamond indenter and a 20X objective lens. Results: showed that there was a statistically significant difference in MH values between different study groups (P

Background: Age is a critical factor influencing the death and morbidities afterward cholecystectomy. It was revealed that laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) in the elderly has similar security and effectiveness to those in young people. The gold-standard in the management of cholelithiasis is LC. Objectives: This work was aimed to assess post-operative outcomes of LC between elderly cases and for comparing the post-operative outcome of LC among ages groups >60yrs and

Objectives: The current study was conducted to evaluate the effect of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on recurrent aphthous stomatitis for reduction of pain score and ulcer size. Subjects and Methods: 28 participants with symptomatic minor recurrent aphthous ulcers were randomly allocated into two groups. The treatment group received a 980 nm diode laser and the control group received topical triamcinolone acetonide 0.1%. The measured outcomes included pain score as visual analog scale (VAS) at baseline, second day, and seventh day, and the lesion size at baseline and seventh day. Results: A statistically significant difference was found between the laser and the corticosteroid groups when comparing VAS scores on day two (pain reduction was -2.2 ± 0.9 and -4.786 ± 1 for corticosteroid and laser groups respectively with a p -value of 0.001) and day seven (pain reduction was -4.643 ± 1.646 and -6.071 ± 1.439 for corticosteroid and laser groups respectively with a p -value of 0.024) in favor of the laser group. Moreover, a statistically significant difference was noticed between the laser and the corticosteroid groups regarding the decrease in lesion size (lesion diameter reduction was -3.036 ± 1.447 and -4.536 ± 1.846 for corticosteroid and laser groups respectively with a p -value of 0.024) in favor of the laser group. Two participants experienced severe mouth dryness after corticosteroid application. None of the laser patients experienced any side effects. Conclusion: LLLT can be considered a reliable alternative to topical steroids in the management of recurrent aphthous ulcers since it was more effective in reducing both pain intensity and ulcer size.

This study was carried out to examine the utilization of garden cress seeds gum(GCS gum)and Arabic gum in processing pan bread. Rheological properties of dough, physical properties, sensory properties, color parameters, texture profile analysis and bioactive compounds(total phenolics content(TPC)and total flavonoids content(TFC))were determined. Extracted GCS gum and Arabic gum were used to prepare pan bread at the rate of 0.1% GCS gum and 3% Arabic gum.The pan bread samples were prepared by partially replacing the wheat flour by 5, 10, 15, 20 and 30% of garden cress seed flour(GCS flour).Results of farinograph and extensograph indicated that addition of Arabic gum with the concentration of 3% improved stability,elasticity and degree of softness in compare with those of control and GCS gum samples. Also,results of physical properties namely weight,volume, specific volume, density, height and index to volume showed that pan bread samples with GCS and Arabic gum 5% were nearly in the same values with control sample. Results of bioactive compounds also showed that addition of GCS gum and Arabic gum increased the amount of TPC and no significant difference observed in TFC.When, DPPH% assay in all pan bread samples was increased in compared with the control one. All pan bread samples didn't show observed changes up to 5 days of storage under different storage conditions(room and refrigerator temperatures).Spoilage was pointed out by black, gray, brownish yellow and green coloration on the pan bread samples. It is recommended that addition of 0.1% GCS gum and 3% Arabic gum improved pan bread properties.

This researchs' purpose is to develop environmental literacy through the use of graphic art for preparatory stage students through the design of guiding means. Therefore, the researchers have prepared a list of some environmental problems by reviewing some previous research and studies and the opinions of specialists which have included (5) major issues branching from them (9) environmental problems, which in turn have included (43) concepts. The researchs tools are prepared to include (6) posters with different designs, a brochure with two covers, the design of (2) (folded) magazines, a design of the cover of the face and the back of the notebook. Inside it, contains a number of recycled paper, the design of one desk-calendar which contains 12 designs; inside it, there is a folder design for keeping papers, a CD sticker design, a card design, a design of 4 prints on Cochet paper, environmental games, printing on a mug, printing on a paper folder. A scale of Environmental Literacy has been also designed, including (a Test of Environmental Information, a Scale of Environmental Attitudes and a Scale of Environmental Skills). A program of the proposed activities has been applied to a group of (30) students of the second year of preparatory school. The experimental method has been used for its suitability to the nature of this research. After the application of the guiding means program, a post-application of the scale of environmental literacy has been subsequently conducted to the research group. Results indicate that the average scores of the experimental group has increased after the statistical treatment of these scores and that: There is a statistically significant difference between the mean scores of students on the scale of environmental literacy pre/post application of the guiding means, in favor of the post-application. There are also statistically significant differences regarding the scores of each dimension of the environmental literacy dimensions pre/post application of the program, in favor of the post-application. This indicates the effectiveness of the program of the guiding means produced using graphic art for the development of environmental literacy. The researcher recommends the necessity of including the guiding means designed using graphic art in the schools of the preparatory stages and using the means that have been designed as well.

Objectives: Is to make a radiographic and bite force comparison between stud and double telescopic crowns as two different attachment systems for two interforaminal mini implants retaining mandibular complete overdenture. Subjects and materials: Randomized, controlled, clinical study was done on 20 completely edentulous patients that divided into 2 equal groups, in The first group (study group), patients were treated by two mini-implants (with ball abutments) of 2.4mm diameters and 13mm lengths (in the canine regions) retaining mandibular overdentures and by conventional maxillary complete dentures, in The second group (control group), patients were treated by two mini-implants (with square head abutments) of 2.4mm diameters and 13mm lengths (in the canine regions) retaining mandibular overdentures and by conventional maxillary complete dentures. Results: At the end of the 12 months, a total loss of 0.69 mm for group I (with ball abutments), and 1.64 mm for group II (with square head abutments) was detected. For Maximum Bite Force, there was no significant difference between the two groups at all follow-up periods. Conclusion: Mandibular overdentures retained by two mini implants considered an acceptable treatment modality over the one-year observation period. Ball attachments are more favorable than telescopic attachments, in regard to the reduction of the peri-implant bone loss, while, the type of the attachment has less effect on the maximum bite force.

Background: About eight percent of adults and children who receive a cancer diagnosis today are projected to live at least 5 years thanks to advancements in pediatric cancer therapy over the last several decades. More than half a million people will have survived childhood cancer by 2020, according to current estimates. Objective: To evaluate the association between childhood cancer, antineoplastic treatment and neurocognitive dysfunction. Patients and Methods: In the Pediatrics Department of the Faculty of Medicine at Zagazig University, a case control study was undertaken on 25 cancer patients who had completed their treatment and on 25 healthy children between August 2020 and July 2021. Children of both sexes, aged 5-15, were enrolled in the study. Results: In terms of full and performance intelligence quotient (IQ) scale, there was statistically significant difference between the groups (much higher in the control group), but the verbal scale did not differ statistically between the groups. Regarding verbal IQ, there was no statistically significant difference between the groups examined. However, there were no significant differences in IQ subtests for information, vocabulary, arithmetic, comprehension, picture completion, mazes or block design between groups. Control group was significantly higher as regard similarity and geometric design. Conclusions: Neurocognitive function is affected in cancer survivors of children as there is statistically significant difference between the studied groups regarding full, and performance IQ scale (significantly higher in control group) but verbal scale was not statistically different between the groups.

Statement of the problem: Occlusal veneer restorations represent a minimal invasive alternative to traditional crowns in treatment of severely worn dentition. However, the data regarding the mechanical performance of occlusal veneers designs and materials are still controversial. Aim of study: Evaluation of the effect of using two different designs and materials on fracture resistance of occlusal veneer restorations. Materials and Methods: Thirty-two freshly extracted premolars were randomly divided into two main groups (n=16) according to preparation design: Group B: butt joint preparation design and Group M: Modified occlusal veneer design. Each main group was further subdivided into two subgroups (n=8) according to type of restorative material used for occlusal veneer fabrication: Lithium disilicate and polymer-infiltrated ceramic network. Occlusal veneer restorations were fabricated by CAD/CAM technology and then cemented to their corresponding teeth using dual cured adhesive resin cement. Fracture resistance test was done using universal testing machine. The load needed for fracture of each specimen was registered automatically in Newtons (N) by a special software. Data were collected, tabulated and statistically analyzed. Results: Student's t-test results revealed that there was no statistically significant difference regarding the two variables (preparation design and material type). Also, Two-way ANOVA test results showed that there was no statistically significant difference regarding the interaction between the two variables in this study (P=0.309). Conclusion: There was no effect of preparation designs and material types on fracture resistance of occlusal veneers. The fracture resistance for all study groups exceeded the reported range of human masticatory forces.

Aim: To assess the gingival margin stability following conventional versus microsurgical approach of esthetic crown lengthening in management of patients with anterior short clinical crowns. Methodology: Twenty-four patients indicated for esthetic crown lengthening were selected and divided into either test or control groups where microsurgical approach or conventional technique were performed respectively. All patients were assessed at different intervals (baseline, 3, and 6 months) for the outcomes: gingival margin (GM), Pink esthetic score (PES), soft tissue level (STL), mesial (MP) and distal papilla (DP) levels, postoperative swelling (POS), postoperative pain (POP) and patient satisfaction and were subjected to statistical analysis. Results: there was a statistically significant reduction in the gingival margin level after 3 and 6 months in both groups with statistically significant more mm and percentage reduction within the control group. The microsurgical approach showed a statistically significant improvement in the PES at 3 and 6 months, while the conventional approach showed a statistically significant improvement only at 6 months with no statistically significant percentage gain between both groups at 3 and 6 months. Less pain was experienced with the test group through less intake of analgesics. Also, less swelling was observed in the test group at day 2 and day 5 with statistically significant difference with more patient satisfaction. Conclusions: Both groups significantly improved all clinical outcomes after 6 months, but the microsurgical approach showed less postoperative pain, swelling and gained more patient satisfaction.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the marginal adaptation and fracture resistance of endocrowns made from Lithium disilicate (Emax CAD) and CAD/CAM composite blocks (Brillient Crios) restoring mandibular premolars. Materials and Methods: Fourteen extracted human single rooted mandibular premolars were endodontically prepared in a standardized way to receive CAD/CAM fabricated endocrowns, the samples were divided into two groups (n=7); E. max CAD (EM) group and Brillient Crios (BC) group. Marginal gaps (µm) evaluated under stereomicroscope after cementation and repeated after thermocycling. Fracture load was recorded and Failure modes were determined by digital microscope and scanning electron microscope SEM. Results: EM group verified higher vertical marginal gap mean value than BC either before or after thermocycling, the difference was statistically significant as indicated by two-way ANOVA (p>0.05). EM group recorded significantly higher fracture resistance mean values (737.55±223.3N) than BC (434.33±100.8 N) group, (p < 0.05) as verified by unpaired t-test. The failure mode presented that (71.44%) of BC specimens exhibited favorable type and (28.57%) catastrophic failure. Whereas, EM group revealed (71.43%) catastrophic failure and (28.57%) favorable type. Chi square test (P < 0.05) displayed statistically significant difference between both groups. Conclusions: Brilliant Crios endocrowns showed better marginal adaptation and more favorable failure mode than those fabricated from E max CAD. E max endocrowns revealed higher fracture resistance than Brillient Crios.

Objective: To study the expression of Transforming Growth Factor beta-1 (TGF-β1) and Tumor protein 53 (Tp53) in osteoblastoma and osteosarcoma and the role of TGF-β paradox in the progression of these tumors. Materials and Methods: Twenty-two paraffin blocks were collected and classified into 7 blocks with classical osteoblastoma and 15 blocks with osteosarcoma. From each block, slide preparation for H&E and immunohistochemical staining by two markers: anti TGF-β1 antibody and anti Tp53 antibody were applied. Then we estimated the expression of each marker by ImageJ (version 1.41) and area fractions were measured. Results: Both classical osteoblastoma and osteosarcoma showed positive expression of TGF-β1. The expression of Tp53 was positive in osteosarcoma, but it was negative in osteoblastoma. Our statistical analysis revealed that the expression of TGF-β1 in osteosarcoma was stronger than in osteoblastoma but with no statistically significant difference. There was a significant moderate negative correlation between expression of the two markers in osteosarcoma. Conclusion: The mutual signaling is the main pillar in the progression of osteosarcoma and osteoblastoma. Interaction pathways between Tp53 and TGF-β1 may have a role in TGF-β paradox. Understanding this interaction may help in improving of the management and prognosis of osteosarcoma.

هدف البحث الحالي: إلى تنمية مهارات تصميم وإنتاج الدروس الدرامية الإلکترونية في بيئة تعلم شخصية وبأشکال الإنفو جرافيک (الثابت- المتحرک- التفاعلي) لطلاب الفرقة الثالثة شعبة التاريخ بکلية التربية جامعة حلوان. وتکونت عينة البحث من (105) طالبا من طلاب الفرقة الثالثة شعبة التاريخ بکلية التربية جامعة حلوان، تم تقسيمها إلى ثلاث مجموعات متساوية في العدد، واعتمد البحث على المنهج الوصفي والمنهج شبه التجريبي للتحقق من صحة الفروض والتوصل للنتائج. وأسفرت النتائج عن وجود فرق دال إحصائيا عند مستوى 0.01 لصالح الطلاب الذين درسوا في بيئة التعلم الشخصية بنمط الإنفو جرافک التفاعلي، کما اثبتت النتائج وجود فاعلية بدرجة مرتفعة لصالح طلاب المجموعة الثالثة التي درست بنمط الإنفو جرافک التفاعلي. الکلمات المفتاحية: الانفو جرافک (الثابت- المتحرک- التفاعلي)، بيئات التعلم الشخصية، الدروس الدرامية الالکترونية. Abstract The aim of the current research: to develop the skills of designing and producing electronic drama lessons in a personal learning environment and in the form of infographics (Static - mobile - interactive) for students of the third year, History Division, Faculty of Education, Helwan University. The research sample consisted of (105) students from the third year, History Division, Faculty of Education, Helwan University. They were divided into three groups of equal numbers. The research relied on the descriptive approach and the quasi-experimental approach to verify the validity of the hypotheses and reach the results. The results resulted in a statistically significant difference at the level of 0.01 in favor of the students who studied in the personal learning environment using the interactive info-graphic style, and the results proved a high degree of effectiveness in favor of the students of the third group who studied in the interactive info-graphic style. keywords: Infographic (static - animated - interactive), Personal learning, Electronic drama lessons.

Purpose: Evaluate fiberglass and stainless steel crowns to restore primary molars (clinical and radiograph) Subjects and methods: Forty molars teeth indicated for crown restoration. Patients were selected from the outpatient Clinic of the Department of Pedodontics and Oral Health, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Al-Azhar University. Bilateral crowns to first or second primary molars, one side was restored by stainless steel crowns (group A), and the other side was restored by fiberglass crowns (group B). Teeth were randomly assigned to Figaro or PMC crown groups. Modified United States Public Health Service (USPHS) criteria were used to evaluate recurrent caries marginal integration crown retention and gingival status at48 hrs. 3 and 6 months. Results: After six months of follow-up, the Fiberglass crown showed a significant difference in crown retention than the stainless-steel crowns (SSCs). Associated with recurrent caries and gingival inflammation. Conclusions: Stainless steel crowns continue to be the restoration of choice for compromised primary molar teeth despite unpleasant esthetics.

Objective: The purpose of this research was to compare the kinetics and meiotic advancement of cattle and buffalo oocytes, as well as to see how cAMP modulators affected the meiotic progression status of cattle and buffalo oocytes during the oocyte collection process. Design: comparing maturation stages times in buffalo and cattle oocytes. Cattle and buffalo oocytes were collected, separated into two groups (standard IVM and extended IVM), and cultivated for five hours in 5% CO2 at 39°C. The sample times for extended IVM are 8, 15, 18, 22, 24, and 30 hours. The nuclear status of each oocyte was assessed to determine how far it had matured at each time sample. Then after, study the effect of cAMP modulators on maturation rates of cattle and buffalo oocytes. Procedures: Standard IVM samples were taken at different maturation times, commencing at 8 h and ending at 24 h, while extended IVM samples were taken at 30 h. COCs were placed in a 15-mL sterile centrifuge tube with a warmed 3 percent sodium citrate solution and vortexed at maximum speed for 4 to 8 minutes as needed to remove all cumulus cells before being placed in a warm water bath at 39°C for 5 minutes. After that, the oocytes were mounted on a slide and placed in Coplin jars with a 3:1 methanol/acetic acid solution. Results: At any stage of sampling, the percentage of oocytes arrested at the GV stage did not differ significantly between cattle and buffalo oocytes. Furthermore, there was no significant difference between cattle and buffalo oocytes in terms of the percentage of oocytes that reached the MI stage. Moreover, the percentage of oocytes arrested at the GV stage did not differ substantially between cattle and buffalo oocytes when maturation was extended using cAMP modulators at all stages of sampling. Conclusion and clinical relevance: Modulating cAMP during oocyte maturation can change oocyte kinetics and increase developmental competence by boosting fertilization, cleavage, and morula rates. Furthermore, there is no significant differences in maturation rates between buffalo and cattle oocytes.

Background: Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common female endocrine disorders, which affect about 5%-10% of women worldwide during their reproductive age. Aim: To evaluate the effect of educational program on lifestyle for paramedical students with polycystic ovarian syndrome. Setting: The study conducted at two government colleges in Jordan. Study Design: A Quasi- experimental (pre-test & post-test) design was utilized in this study. Sample type: A purposive sample. Sample size: 68 students. Tools of Data Collection: Identification of students with PCOS tool, Assessment of lifestyle habits tool, POCS structured interviewing questionnaire tool, Follow up sheet, and Psychological assessment tool. Results: The present study findings revealed that a highly significant difference regarding the student's knowledge about the PCOS as compared pre, post, and follow-up program results. Also, there was a significant improvement in the student's lifestyle habits after applying to the educational program compared to before applying them. Conclusion: The results of the study supported the study hypothesis that students who attend the educational program regarding polycystic ovarian syndrome, will improve their knowledge scores and their lifestyles. Recommendations: Applying a screening program for PCOS in young students is a very important to reduce the long-term health complications associated with PCOS.

تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى الکشف عن فاعلية التعلم المصغر القائم على محفزات الألعاب في تنمية بعض مهارات البرمجة لدى الطلاب الجامعيون الصم، وقد تکونت عينة البحث من مجموعة من الطلبة الصم بالفرقة الثانية بقسم تکنولوجيا التعليم بکلية التربية النوعية جامعة الزقازيق، تم اختيارهم بطريقة عشوائية، ثم تقسيمهم إلى مجموعتين تجرييبن، المجموعة التجريبية الأولى تدرس باستخدام التعلم المصغر القائم على محفزات الألعاب، بينما تدرس المجموعة التجريبية الثانية باستخدام التعلم المصغر فقط، وقد اتبعت الدراسة المنهج شبه التجريبي للإجابة عن أسئلة البحث، واستخدمت الباحثة أداتين من أدوات البحث، الأولى: اختبار تحصيلى لقياس الجوانب المعرفية لمهارات البرمجة، الثانية: بطاقة ملاحظة أداء مهارات البرمجة، وقد توصلت الدراسة إلى وجود فرق دال إحصائيا عند مستوى (0,05) بين متوسطي درجات المجموعتين التجريبيتين (التعلم المصغر القائم على محفزات الألعاب / التعلم المصغر فقط) في التطبيق البعدي للاختبار التحصيلي المعرفي المرتبط بمهارات البرمجة لصالح المجموعة التجريبية الأولى، کما توصلت النتائج کذلک إلى وجود فرق دال إحصائيا عند مستوى (0,05) بين متوسطي درجات المجموعتين التجريبيتين (التعلم المصغر القائم على محفزات الألعاب/ التعلم المصغر فقط) في التطبيق البعدي لبطاقة الملاحظة المرتبطة بمهارات البرمجة لصالح المجموعة التجريبية الأولى، وفي ضوء نتائج الدراسة توصي الباحثة بضرورة الإهتمام باستخدام التعلم المصغر القائم على محفزات الألعاب في التعليم الجامعى لأنه يوفر بيئة مرنة تناسب احتياجات طلبة هذه المرحلة، کما توصي بضرورة تقديم عناصر متعددة من محفزات الألعاب في التعلم المصغر مع الترکيز على أهمها لزيادة کفاءة التعلم والاهتمام بتوظيف التعلم المصغر القائم على محفزات الألعاب في سياق مقررات دراسية مختلفة للطلاب الصم. الکلمات المفتاحية: التعلم المصغر – محفزات الألعاب – مهارات البرمجة - الصم. Abstract: This study aims to reveal the effectiveness of micro-learning based on gamification in developing some programming skills for deaf university students. into two experimental groups, the first experimental group is taught using micro-learning based on gamification, while the second experimental group is taught using micro-learning only. The study followed the quasi-experimental approach to answer the research questions. The researcher used two research tools, the first: an achievement test to measure aspects Cognitive programming skills, the second: a observation card for the performance of programming skills. The study found a statistically significant difference at the level (0.05) between the mean scores of the two experimental groups (micro-learning based on gamification / micro-learning only) in the post application of the cognitive achievement test. related to programming skills in favor of the first experimental group, and the results also found a statistically significant difference at the level (0.05) Between the average scores of the two experimental groups (micro learning based on gamification / micro learning only) in the post application of the observation card associated with programming skills in favor of the first experimental group, and in light of the results of the study, the researcher recommends the need to pay attention to using micro learning based on gamification in university education because it provides A flexible environment that suits the needs of students of this stage. It also recommends the necessity of providing multiple elements of gamification in micro-learning, focusing on the most important ones to increase learning efficiency, and paying attention to employing micro-learning based on gamification in the context of different courses for deaf students. Keywords: Micro Learning– Gamification–Programming Skills – Deaf.

Background: Acute gastroenteritis is the fifth leading cause of death worldwide. Objective: current study aimed to evaluate the effect of application of educational guidelines about preventive measures of acute gastroenteritis on mothers' knowledge and reported practices. Methods: A quasi experimental design was used in this study. The study was carried out in outpatient clinics affiliated to Mansoura University Children’s Hospital, Egypt. Subjects of this study was a purposive sample of (100) mothers with their children attended outpatient clinics. A developed structured questionnaire sheet to assess mothers' knowledge and reported practice. Results: there was a statistically significant difference in mothers' knowledge and reported practice about preventive measures of acute gastroenteritis post implementation of educational guidelines. Conclusion: there was an enhancement in the mothers' knowledge and reported practice after application of educational guidelines about preventive measures of acute gastroenteritis. Recommendations: Continuous educational programs for health care providers and educators about gastroenteritis to be delivered at outpatient clinics.