Search

Your search keyword '"[SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment"' showing total 40 results
Start Over Descriptor "[SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment" Publisher elsevier
40 results on '"[SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment"'

1. Interactive effects of metals and carbon nanotubes in a microcosm agrosystem

Author

Mathieu, Leroy, Benjamin, Pey, Vincent E J, Jassey, Clarisse, Liné, Arnaud, Elger, Anne, Probst, Emmanuel, Flahaut, Jérôme, Silvestre, Camille, Larue, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (LEFE), Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT), Centre interuniversitaire de recherche et d'ingenierie des matériaux (CIRIMAT), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP)

Subjects
Environmental Engineering, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Matériaux, [SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials, Soil, Animals, Soil Pollutants, Environmental Chemistry, Oligochaeta, multiple stress, Waste Management and Disposal, Risk assessment, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, Ecologie, Environnement, Toxicity, Nanotubes, Carbon, risk assessment, toxicity, Multiple stress, Pollution, Transfer, cocktail contaminants, Metals, Cocktail contaminants, [SDV.TOX.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Toxicology/Ecotoxicology, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, transfer
Abstract

International audience; Agricultural soils are exposed to multiple contaminants through the use of agrochemicals or sewage sludge, introducing metals, nanomaterials and others. Among nanomaterials, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are known for their large surface area and adsorption capabilities, possibly modifying other element behavior. However, to date, very little is known about the impacts of such interactions in agrosystems. In this study, we aimed at understanding the transfer and toxicity of contaminants (Cd, Pb, Zn and CNTs) in microcosms including native soil bacteria, earthworms and lettuce. After a 6 week exposure, no effect of the addition of CNTs to metal contaminated soils was detected on bacterial concentration or earthworm growth. However, in lettuce, an interactive effect between CNTs and metals was highlighted: in the soil containing the highest metal concentrations the addition of 0.1 mg kg−1 CNTs led to a biomass loss (−22%) and a flavonoid concentration increase (+27%). In parallel, the addition of CNTs led to differential impacts on elemental uptake in lettuce leaves possibly related to the soil organic matter content. For earthworms, the addition of 10 mg kg−1 CNTs resulted in an increased body elemental transfer in the soil with the higher organic matter content (Pb: + 34% and Zn: + 25%).

Published
2022

2. BactoTraits – A functional trait database to evaluate how natural and man-induced changes influence the assembly of bacterial communities

Author

Florian Lemmel, Philippe Usseglio-Polatera, Albin Meyer, Emna Zeghal, Florence Maunoury-Danger, Pascale Bauda, Aurélie Cébron, Corinne Leyval, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC), Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Terre et Environnement de Lorraine (OTELo), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecosystèmes aquatiques et changements globaux (UR EABX), and Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Ecological diagnostic, Range (biology), General Decision Sciences, [SDV.BID]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity, Biology, computer.software_genre, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Database, 03 medical and health sciences, Microbial ecology, Ecosystem, 14. Life underwater, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, QH540-549.5, 030304 developmental biology, Trophic level, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, 2. Zero hunger, Abiotic component, 0303 health sciences, Facultative, Bacteria, Ecology, Aquatic ecosystem, PAH, 15. Life on land, 13. Climate action, Metals, Trait, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, computer, Functional traits
Abstract

In the environment, abiotic (climatic conditions, physico-chemical parameters), biotic (interactions between microorganisms, vegetation and fauna), and anthropogenic (stress, pollution) filters are driving the microbial diversity observed locally. A key question in microbial ecology is to understand the impact of these filters on bacterial diversity and ecosystem functioning. To highlight the responses of bacterial assemblages to these ecological filters, a new approach based on bacterial functional traits has been developed. This approach provides a functional picture of bacterial assemblages using morphological, physiological, and genomic traits as proxies of functions, and leads to a generalizable approach over a larger range of ecosystems with different bacterial diversities. We have created a user-friendly database of bacterial functional traits, thanks to the properties of 19,455 bacterial strains. This database has been called BactoTraits. For example, oxygen preference, size and shape of bacteria, motility, optimum and range of pH and temperature, genome GC percent and trophic type are among the 19 traits included in BactoTraits. Based on the best-informed strains in the database, we identified five functional groups (i.e. mesophiles, competitors, colonizers, stress-sensitives and stress-tolerants) exhibiting a wide strain taxonomic diversity but with quite similar trait profile combinations. As an example of application, BactoTraits was used to characterize the traits and functional diversity of bacterial assemblages in soil samples from 10 sites with different physico-chemical properties and various levels of metal and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) contaminations. Inference of functional traits was based on taxonomic diversity information obtained by high-throughput sequencing of 16S rDNA. This trait-based approach has allowed to discriminate soils according to their physico-chemical properties and levels of contamination and to go further into the description of the bacterial assemblages. Several bacterial traits were identified as indicators of specific contaminants such as metals (e.g. filament shape, microaerophile and temperature optimum/range higher than 40 °C) or PAHs (e.g. spherical shape, facultative anaerobe/aerobe, no spore production, pH optimum ≥ 8, low temperature optimum but high temperature variation tolerance). Inferring trait values from a taxonomy-based approach can be extended readily to other microbial systems and contexts such as (i) studies on soils and aquatic ecosystems, (ii) microbial ecology along various environmental gradients, (iii) human, plant and animal microbiotes, as well as (iv) trophic interactions between bacterial communities and their predators.

Published
2021

3. When the average hides the risk of Bt-corn pollen on non-target Lepidoptera: Application to Aglais io in Catalonia

Author

Antoine Messéan, Jean-François Rey, Samuel Soubeyrand, Andreas Lang, Constantí Stefanescu, Virgile Baudrot, Emily M. Walker, Biostatistique et Processus Spatiaux (BioSP), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), University of Basel (Unibas), Centre de Recerca Ecològica i Aplicacions Forestals - Centre for Ecological Research and Forestry Applications, Partenaires INRAE, Université Paris-Saclay, and European Project: 289706,EC:FP7:KBBE,FP7-KBBE-2011-5,AMIGA(2011)

Subjects
Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, 0211 other engineering and technologies, 02 engineering and technology, 010501 environmental sciences, medicine.disease_cause, 01 natural sciences, Environmental pollution, Toxicology, Hemolysin Proteins, GE1-350, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, Larva, biology, Bt-maize, food and beverages, General Medicine, Plants, Genetically Modified, Pollution, Habitat, TD172-193.5, [SDV.TOX]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Toxicology, Pollen, Non-target Lepidoptera, Butterflies, Spatio-temporal exposure-hazard model, Bacillus thuringiensis, Zea mays, Crop, Lepidoptera genitalia, Bacterial Proteins, Aglais io, medicine, Animals, Landscape exposure, Ecological risk assessment, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, 021110 strategic, defence & security studies, Genetically modified maize, Bacillus thuringiensis Toxins, fungi, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Endotoxins, Environmental sciences, Average population at risk, Spain, 13. Climate action, Biological dispersal
Abstract

International audience; Field cultivation of Genetically Modified (GM) Bt-plants has a potential environmental risk toward non-target Lepidoptera (NTLs) larvae through the consumption of Bt-maize pollen. The Bt-maize Cry protein targeting Lepidoptera species detrimental to the crop is also expressed in pollen which is dispersed by wind and can thus reach habitats of NTLs. To better assess the current ecological risk of Bt-maize at landscape scales, we developed a spatially-explicit exposure-hazard model considering (i) the dynamics of pollen dispersal obtained by convolving GM plants emission with a dispersal kernel and (ii) a toxicokinetic-toxicodynamic (TKTD) model accounting for the impact of toxin ingestion on individual lethal effects. We simulated the model using real landscape observations in Catalonia (Spain): GM-maize locations, flowering dates, rainfall time series and larvae emergence date of the European peacock butterfly Aglais io. While in average, the additional mortality appears to be negligible, we show significant additional mortality at sub-population level, with for instance a mortality higher than 40% within the 10m for the 10% most Bt-sensitive individuals. Also, using Pareto optimality we capture the best trade-off between isolation distance and additional mortality: up to 50 m are required to significantly buffer Bt-pollen impact on NTLs survival at the individual level. Our study clears up the narrow line between diverging conclusions: those claiming no risk by only looking at the average regional effect of Bt on NTLs survival and those pointing out a significant threaten when considering the variability of individuals mortality.

Published
2021

4. Reducing environmental impacts of feed using multiobjective formulation: What benefits at the farm gate for pig and broiler production?

Author

Bertrand Méda, Florence Garcia-Launay, P. Ponchant, Aurélie Wilfart, Léonie Dusart, Sandrine Espagnol, Biologie des Oiseaux et Aviculture (BOA), Université de Tours-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Physiologie, Environnement et Génétique pour l'Animal et les Systèmes d'Elevage [Rennes] (PEGASE), AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), ITAVI, Institut du Porc (IFIP), Sol Agro et hydrosystème Spatialisation (SAS), ECOALIM project, CASDAR Partenariat et Innovation-2012, French Environment and Energy Management Agency (ADEMEREACCTIF-2012, 1260C0061)., and Université de Tours (UT)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)

Subjects
Manure management, Farms, Livestock, Swine, 040301 veterinary sciences, chemistry.chemical_element, Feedstuff, Environment, Feed conversion ratio, SF1-1100, Gross margin, 0403 veterinary science, Life cycle assessment, Animal science, Animals, Mathematics, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, 2. Zero hunger, Energy demand, Phosphorus, 0402 animal and dairy science, Broiler, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Animal Feed, 040201 dairy & animal science, Diet, Animal culture, Farm Gate, chemistry, Sustainability, 13. Climate action, [SDV.SA.SPA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Animal production studies, Energy density, Animal Science and Zoology, Feeding strategy, Chickens, [SDV.AEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition
Abstract

International audience; Feed production is the main contributor to several environmental impacts of livestock. To decrease environmental impacts of feed, those of feedstuffs should be considered during formulation. In particular, multiobjective feed formulation (MOF) can help reduce several environmental impacts simultaneously while keeping any increase in feed price moderate. The objective of this study was to assess environmental benefits of MOF at the farm gate for fattening pigs and broilers. For pigs, three feeding strategies were tested: classic 2-phase (2P), 2-phase with lower net energy content (2P −), and multiphase (MP). For broilers, two strategies were tested: classic 3-phase (3P) and 3-phase with higher digestible amino acid contents and lower metabolisable energy content (3P+). Diets were formulated using both least-cost formulation (LCF) and MOF, yielding six pig scenarios and four broiler scenarios. Environmental impacts at the farm gate were estimated using a modelling approach based on life cycle assessment. Indicators for six impact categories were then calculated: climate change (CC), cumulative non-renewable energy demand (CEDNR), acidification (AC), eutrophication (EU), land occupation (LO), and phosphorus demand (PD). As expected, MOF had lower farm-gate impacts than LCF (as much as −13%), but the degree of decrease varied by feeding strategy and impact. For pigs, MOF was equally effective in all strategies at reducing PD (− 6 to − 9%) and AC (− 2%). In contrast, MOF was more effective in 2P and 2P− at decreasing CC (−5% to −7%), LO (−9% to −13%) and EU (− 6% to − 8%) than in MP (CC: −2%; LO: − 4%; EU: − 3%). The benefit of MOF was found greater in 2P (− 7%) than in other pig strategies for CEDNR (− 3 to + 0%). For broilers, MOF was equally effective in both strategies tested at decreasing PD (− 12%), AC (−2%), and EU (−4%). For CC and CEDNR, MOF was more effective in 3P (CC: −9%; CEDNR: −11%) than 3P+ (−6% for both impacts), but not for LO (+3% in 3P vs −1% in 3P+). These differences were due mainly to differences in animal performance (especially feed conversion ratio) among the strategies tested. Finally, in all scenarios, gross margin at the farm gate decreased with MOF comparatively to LCF (pigs: −3% to −11%); broilers: −7% to −11%). These results demonstrate the importance of comprehensive economic and environmental optimisation of feeding strategies by simultaneously considering feed impacts, animal performance, and manure management. To do so, further research is therefore required to develop new modelling tools.

Published
2021

5. Chemical identification of microplastics ingested by Red Phalaropes (Phalaropus fulicarius) using Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy

Author

Laurie K. Wilson, Anna L. Harrison, Eloïse Teboul, Jennifer F. Provencher, Diane M. Orihel, Mark C. Drever, Queen's University [Kingston, Canada], Environment and Climate Change Canada, Géosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, Phalaropus fulicarius, Microplastics, British Columbia, Polymer identification, Aquatic Science, Oceanography, Pollution, Seabirds, FTIR spectroscopy, Environmental chemistry, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared, 550 Earth sciences & geology, Environmental science, Red Phalarope, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Plastic pollution, Plastics, Water Pollutants, Chemical, Environmental Monitoring
Abstract

International audience; Chemical characterization of plastics ingested by wildlife helps identify sources of plastic pollution in nature and informs assessments of exposure risk to contaminants. In 2016, Red Phalaropes (Phalaropus fulicarius) were found dead on the north coast of British Columbia, Canada, during their southward migration. Previously, ingested particles suspected to be plastics were reported upon gut examination in all carcasses collected (n=6), which likely contributed to mortality. Here, we provide chemical identification of the ingested particles using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Polymer identification was successful for 41 of the 52 analyzed particles (79%): 41 (79%) were confirmed as plastics, 6 (11%) were not plastics, and 5 (10%) could not be identified. The most commonly ingested plastics were polyethylene (42%) and polypropylene (23%), both of which are known to float in the marine environment. Our study highlights the vulnerability of surface foraging seabirds to plastic pollution in the marine environment.

Published
2021
Full Text
View/download PDF

6. Mangroves: a natural early-warning system of erosion on open muddy coasts in French Guiana

Author

Antoine Gardel, Christophe Proisy, Elodie Blanchard, Romain Walcker, Edward J. Anthony, Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut Français de Pondichéry (IFP), Ministère de l'Europe et des Affaires étrangères (MEAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (ECOLAB), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Agronomique Néo-Calédonien (IAC), Laboratoire Ecologie, Evolution, Interactions des Systèmes amazoniens (LEEISA), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Guyane (UG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Frida Sidik, Daniel A. Friess, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Guyane (UG)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (LEFE), Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Vulnerability index, Coastal vulnerability, Mangrove erosion, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Oceanic data, Human settlement, Coastal modeling, Satellite images, 14. Life underwater, Amazon mud, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, Shore, geography.geographical_feature_category, Warning system, Sediment, South America, 15. Life on land, French Guiana, Geography, Oceanography, Mud bank, Erosion, Early warning system, Coastal accretion, Mangrove
Abstract

International audience; Coastal instability is not tantamount to vulnerability of mangroves everywhere but rather brings out their exceptional ecological adaptability to cope with morphosedimentary processes. This adaptability has, however, not yet been sufficiently assessed regarding its ability to provide early warning of severe risks induced by marine erosional processes for settlements built backshore of the mangroves. Here we show, using a 68-year (1950–2017) archive of aerial photographs and satellite images, how the monitoring of the fluctuations of mangrove shorelines over the last seven decades may support predictions of coastal vulnerability to erosion in French Guiana. For this example, a coastal vulnerability index of the inhabited shoreline, expressed in years, was developed from the archive of mangrove shorelines and based on estimates of annual erosion rates for each kilometer. This simple mangrove-based early-warning approach is discussed with regards to enhanced observational and modeling considerations of oceanic forcing and sediment processes and oceanic forcing typical of ocean-facing mangrove coasts.

Published
2021

7. The method controls the story - Sampling method impacts on the detection of pore-water nitrogen concentrations in streambeds

Author

Julia L. A. Knapp, Silvia Folegot, Clara Mendoza-Lera, Jennifer D. Drummond, Eugènia Martí, Thibault Datry, Alexander M. Milner, Jörg Lewandowski, Jay P. Zarnetske, Sophie Comer-Warner, Stefan Krause, Judson W. Harvey, Phillip J. Blaen, David M. Hannah, Nicholas Kettridge, Joseph Lee-Cullin, Sami Ullah, Daren C. Gooddy, Megan Klaar, Marie J. Kurz, Felicity Shelley, Adam S. Ward, School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences [Birmingham], University of Birmingham [Birmingham], Center for Applied Geoscience [Tübingen] (ZAG), Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen = Eberhard Karls University of Tuebingen, School of Geography and Water, University of Leeds, School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London (QMUL), Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences [East Lansing], Michigan State University [East Lansing], Michigan State University System-Michigan State University System, Department of Hydrogeology [UFZ Leipzig], Helmholtz Zentrum für Umweltforschung = Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), U.S Geological Survey, School of Public and Environmental Affairs [Bloomington] (SPEA), Indiana University [Bloomington], Indiana University System-Indiana University System, Riverly (Riverly), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), British Geological Survey (BGS), Integrative Freshwater Ecology Group, Centre d’Estudis Avançats de Blanes, Leverhulme Trust, NERC through a Central England NERC Training Alliance Studentship, UK Research & Innovation (UKRI), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) : NE/L004437/1, European Union's H2020-MSCA-RISE-2016 project : 734317, and US NSF Award : 1446328

Subjects
Biogeochemical cycle, Environmental Engineering, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, chemistry.chemical_element, Soil science, 010501 environmental sciences, Nitrate, 01 natural sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Pore water pressure, Environmental Chemistry, Hyporheic zone, Samplers, Streambed sampling, Waste Management and Disposal, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, Sampling (statistics), Sediment, Nutrients, Pollution, Nitrogen, 6. Clean water, Systematic testing, chemistry, Environmental science, Ammonium
Abstract

Este artículo contiene 19 páginas, 5 tablas, 5 figuras., Biogeochemical gradients in streambeds are steep and can vary over short distances oftenmaking adequate characterisation of sediment biogeochemical processes challenging. This paper provides an overviewand comparison of streambed pore-water samplingmethods, highlighting their capacity to address gaps in our understanding of streambed biogeochemical processes. Thiswork reviews and critiques available pore-water sampling techniques to characterise streambed biogeochemical conditions, including their characteristic spatial and temporal resolutions, and associated advantages and limitations. A field study comparing three commonly-used pore-water sampling techniques (multilevel mini-piezometers,miniature drivepoint samplers and diffusive equilibriumin thinfilm gels) was conducted to assess differences in observed nitrate and ammonium concentration profiles. Porewater nitrate concentrations did not differ significantly between sampling methods (p-value = 0.54) with mean concentrations of 2.53, 4.08 and 4.02 mg l−1 observed with the multilevel mini-piezometers, miniature drivepoint samplers and diffusive equilibrium in thin-film gel samplers, respectively. Pore-water ammonium concentrations, however, were significantly higher in pore-water extracted by multilevel mini-piezometers (3.83 mg l−1) and significantly lower where sampled with miniature drivepoint samplers (1.05 mg l−1, pvalues b0.01). Differences in observed pore-water ammonium concentration profiles between active (suction: multilevel mini-piezometers) and passive (equilibrium; diffusive equilibrium in thin-film gels) samplers were further explored under laboratory conditions. Measured pore-water ammonium concentrations were significantly greater when sampled by diffusive equilibrium in thin-film gels than with multilevel mini-piezometers (all p-values ≤0.02). The findings of this study have critical implications for the interpretation of field-based research on hyporheic zone biogeochemical cycling and highlight the need for more systematic testing of sampling protocols. For the first time, the impact of different active and passive pore-water sampling methods is addressed systematically here, highlighting to what degree the choice of pore-water sampling methods affects research outcomes, with relevance for the interpretation of previously published work as well as future studies., This research was funded by The Leverhulme Trust project “Where rivers, groundwater and disciplines meet: A hyporheic research network” and from the authors' institutions. Additional funding was also provided from NERC through a Central England NERC Training Alliance Studentship, NERC standard grant NE/L004437/1, and the European Union's H2020-MSCA-RISE-2016 project 734317. Jay Zarnetske and Joseph Lee-Cullin were partially supported by the US NSF Award Number 1446328.

Published
2020

8. Seasonal variation of transcriptomic and biochemical parameters of Donax trunculus related to its infection by Bacciger bacciger (trematode parasite)

Author

Simão Correia, Etelvina Figueira, Luísa Magalhães, Guillemine Daffe, Xavier de Montaudouin, Rosa Freitas, Patrice Gonzalez, Jorge M.S. Gonçalves, Department of Biology and CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, UMR 5805 Environnements et Paléoenvironnements Océaniques et Continentaux (EPOC), Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Donax trunculus, Cockle, Bivalves, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, media_common.quotation_subject, Parasitism, Zoology, Context (language use), Fellodistomidae infection, Growth, Aquatic Science, Biology, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, Predation, Parasite hosting, [SDV.BBM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, 14. Life underwater, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, media_common, Coast, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, Host-parasite system, Host (biology), 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Biochemical markers, Populations, Intermediate host, biology.organism_classification, Grain size, L, Bivalvia, Metabolism, 13. Climate action, Oxidative stress, Burrowing behavior, Wedge clam, Gene expression, Reproduction
Abstract

The wedge clam (Donax trunculus) is widely distributed along exposed Atlantic coasts, from France to Senegal. This species has high commercial importance, with the mean capture production on the last ten years of approx. 850 tonnes (50% represented by Portugal captures). D. trunculus populations are modulated by several drivers such as tidal range, temperature, sediment grain size, fishing pressure, predation and parasitism. Regarding parasitism, D. trunculus is the first intermediate host of Bacciger bacciger (trematode parasite) where the sporocysts develop. The sporocyst is the most damaging stage, reported as being responsible for bivalve castration and flesh mass depletion. In order to test the hypothesis that B. bacciger infection modified wedge clam health status, including its biochemical performance and gene expression, clams were sampled every other month during one year in the Faro beach (south coast of Portugal). The results obtained revealed that B. bacciger total prevalence ranged between 0 and 33% in May and July, respectively. Overall, transcriptomic and biochemical results showed that B. bacciger induced in D. trunculus defense mechanisms against oxidative stress and increased the host metabolism and energy demand, especially in spawning and spent periods. The present work concluded that the markers used can provide additional and ecologically relevant information not only about the environmental conditions that animals experience but also the invasion effects of pathogens. These findings can contribute to predicting organism chance of reproduction and survival in their natural context, which can be applied in bivalve conservation and disease episodes management. National Funds through the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology - FSE [PD/BD/52570/2014] Programa Operacional Capital Humano (POCH) European UnionEuropean Union (EU) INTERREG-ATLANTIC program through the research project COCKLES [EAPA_458/2016 COCKLES] Integrated Programme of SR&TD "Smart Valorization of Endogenous Marine Biological Resources Under a Changing Climate" - Centro 2020 program, Portugal 2020, European Union, through the European Regional Development Fund [Centro-01-0145-FEDER-000018] FCT/MEC, through national funds FEDER, within the PT2020 Partnership Agreement Compete 2020

Published
2019

9. Functional assessment of invasive Salix fragilis L. in north-western Patagonian flood plains: A comparative approach

Author

J. Ethan Householder, Anne Lewerentz, Brian Reid, Andreas Ch. Braun, Virginia Garófano-Gómez, Gregory Egger, Institute of Geography and Geoecology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Nature Consult, Centro de Investigación en Ecosistemas de la Patagonia - Universidad Austral de Chile (CIEP), Institute of Regional Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Laboratoire de Géographie Physique et Environnementale (GEOLAB), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Institut Sciences de l'Homme et de la Société (IR SHS UNILIM), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut d’Investigació per a la Gestió Integrada de Zones Costaneres (IGIC), Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut Sciences de l'Homme et de la Société (IR SHS UNILIM), and Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Floodplain, Salix euxina, Introduced species, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Floodplain vegetation, Patagonian rivers, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Nature and Landscape Conservation, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, Salix fragilis, geography, Pioneer species, geography.geographical_feature_category, biology, Ecology, Nothofagus antarctica, Vegetation, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Habitat, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Vacant niche, Biological dispersal, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract

[EN] European willows (Salicaceae) are pioneer species in temperate zone floodplains. The species are considered invasive and introduction can lead to substantial alteration of floodplain vegetation communities and ecosystem functioning. Invasive spread of different Salicaceae have been attributed to differences in flood tolerance, growth and dispersal between it and co-occurring native species, suggesting a comparative approach examining key traits to be a profitable strategy in elucidating and predicting patterns of Salicaceae invasion. Here we study incipient Salix fragilis invasions in Chilean Patagonia on the western slopes of the Andes. Our approach combines vegetation transect data with dendroecological analysis to compare patterns of niche position along the hydrogeomorphic gradient, niche breadth, and growth rate among S. fragilis and co-occurring species. We evaluated these traits because they are thought to be key to species¿ capacity to colonize, survive, grow and reproduce in dynamic floodplain habitats. Transect data showed that relative to the most common native trees and shrubs, S. fragilis has the broadest environmental tolerance along the hydrogeomorphic gradient and has a mean niche position closest to severely disturbed and highly flooded channel margins. Moreover, growth models showed that S. fragilis grows faster relative to native species, especially at juvenile stages. Our data suggest that a unique set of trait values allows S. fragilis to occupy a previously under-occupied and abundantly distributed niche, and will continue to colonize, survive, grow and reproduce in morphodynamically disturbed river margins. This is the first report of invasive S. fragilis in Chile, and we comment on potential impacts to native vegetation communities, soil development and ecosystem function., We thank to Claudio Meier for his support in Chile, to Alicia Marticorena for plant determination and Alex Fajardo for his constructive comments in an early version of this manuscript. German Academic Exchange Service financially supported the field trip to Patagonia. Virginia Garofano-Gomez had a post-doctoral grant from the Universite Blaise Pascal (now: Universite Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France).

Published
2019

10. Advantages and insights from a hierarchical Bayesian growth and dynamics model based on salmonid electrofishing removal data

Author

Christophe Laplanche, Jose Ardaiz, Francis Juanes, Laurie Boithias, Pedro M. Leunda, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - IRD (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Victoria University (CANADA), Gestión Ambiental de Navarra S.A. (SPAIN), Gobierno de Navarra (SPAIN), Géosciences Environnement Toulouse - GET (Toulouse, France), Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (LEFE), Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT), Géosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and University of Victoria [Canada] (UVIC)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Population dynamics, Bayesian probability, Population, Growth, Poisson distribution, Bayesian inference, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Iberian peninsula, symbols.namesake, Statistics, Salmo trutta, Salmo, education, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, Ecologie, Environnement, education.field_of_study, Data collection, biology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Ecological Modeling, Sampling (statistics), biology.organism_classification, Depletion sampling, Electrofishing, Mesoscale, symbols, Environmental science
Abstract

International audience; Growth is a fundamental ecological process of stream-dwelling salmonids which is strongly interrelated to critical life history events (emergence, mortality, sexual maturity, smolting, spawning). The ability to accurately model growth becomes critical when making population predictions over large temporal (multi-decadal) and spatial (meso) scales, e.g., investigating the effect of global change. Body length collection by removal sampling is a widely-used practice for monitoring fish populations over such large scales. Such data can be efficiently integrated into a Hierarchical Bayesian Model (HBM) and lead to interesting findings on fish dynamics. We illustrate this approach by presenting an integrated HBM of brown trout (Salmo trutta) growth, population dynamics, and removal sampling data collection processes using large temporal and spatial scales data (20 years; 48 sites placed along a 100 km latitudinal gradient). Growth and population dynamics are modelled by ordinary differential equations with parameters bound together in a hierarchical structure. The observation process is modelled with a combination of a Poisson error, a binomial error, and a mixture of Gaussian distributions. Absolute fit is measured using posterior predictive checks, which results indicate that our model fits the data well. Results indicate that growth rate is positively correlated to catchment area. This result corroborates those of other studies (laboratory, exploratory) that identified factors besides water temperature that are related to daily ration and have a significant effect on stream-dwelling salmonid growth at a large scale. Our study also illustrates the value of integrated HBM and electrofishing removal sampling data to study in situ fish populations over large scales.

Published
2019

11. Solar as sustainable energy for processing, preservation, and extraction

Author

Ali Idlimam, Farid Chemat, Soukaina Hilali, Laila Mandi, Université Cadi Ayyad [Marrakech] (UCA), Sécurité et Qualité des Produits d'Origine Végétale (SQPOV), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Avignon Université (AU), Teachers Training Coll., Farid Chemat, and Eugene Vorobiev

Subjects
Food industry, 020209 energy, 02 engineering and technology, 7. Clean energy, Solar energy, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, [SPI.GPROC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering, drying, Process engineering, Solar power, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, cooking, pasteurization, business.industry, Photovoltaic system, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Hazard, 13. Climate action, [SHS.ENVIR]Humanities and Social Sciences/Environmental studies, extraction, Food processing, Hazard analysis and critical control points, Environmental science, processing, 0210 nano-technology, business, Energy source
Abstract

International audience; The energy provided by the sun is by far the most promising and important energy resource compared to any known present commercial ones; it is an inexhaustible energy source with a huge exploitation potential in many fields and sectors. One of those sectors is the food industry with several fields of applications. Indeed, solar energy could be used for food processing in several daily practices such as cooking, milk pasteurization as well as food drying, and even solar extraction. Several studies have focused on developing efficient systems that rely on solar power either for thermal or photovoltaic energy. This chapter provides a wide view on those systems by applications; it explains the processes related to each field and the environmental impact and benefits related to it. A hazard analysis and critical control points and hazard and operability analysis was also provided to identify and prevent the hazards or process–operating problems that are likely to occur during those processes.

Published
2019

12. Quorum Sensing in Marine Biofilms and Environments

Author

Raphaël Lami, Laboratoire de Biodiversité et Biotechnologies Microbiennes (LBBM), Observatoire océanologique de Banyuls (OOB), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-PIERRE FABRE-EDF (EDF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Academic Press, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-EDF (EDF)-PIERRE FABRE-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Observatoire océanologique de Banyuls (OOB), and Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Microplastics, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDV.BID]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity, parasites, Biology, biofilm, 03 medical and health sciences, 14. Life underwater, Marine environment, symbionts, seawater, holobiont, 030304 developmental biology, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, 0303 health sciences, 030306 microbiology, Ecology, Biofilm, quorum sensing, biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition, surface colonizers, Quorum sensing, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, quorum quenching, bacteria, [SDV.EE.IEO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Symbiosis
Abstract

International audience; Marine prokaryotes represent abundant and diverse communities across oceans. These organisms are free living, symbionts, parasites or or produce biofilm on very diverse types of marine surfaces. These surfaces include micro- and macro-algae leaves (phycosphere), marine particles, seashore rocks, buoys, microplastics and many others. Such niches favor bacterial concentration and thus different types of bacterial interactions, including quorum sensing. This consists of a mechanism that allows cells to coordinate their gene expression and physiology when a defined number of cells is reached. This review aims to synthesize quorum sensing mechanisms evidenced to date in the marine biofilms and environments. It will first focus on the wide range of chemical compounds involved in these processes and will describe the diversity of bacterial functions regulated by quorum sensing. Then, the implications of quorum sensing at a larger and integrated scale will be examined, including potential biogeochemical implication of quorum sensing expression. Also the importance in quorum sensing in the functioning of diverse holobionts will be addressed, as well as potential industrial applications. Overall, this review will emphasize quorum sensing roles at each stage of biofilm development, whatever the type of marine surfaces on which prokaryotes grow or the host they colonize: crucial in the settlement, maturation and dispersion of marine biofilms.

Published
2019

13. Regeneration of Salicaceae riparian forests in the Northern Hemisphere: A new framework and management tool

Author

Annie L. Henry, Patrick B. Shafroth, Virginia Garófano-Gómez, Dov Jean-François Corenblit, Anna A. Sher, Eduardo González, Vanesa Martínez-Fernández, Department of Biology [Fort Collins], Colorado State University [Fort Collins] (CSU), Department of Biological Sciences [Denver], University of Denver, Department of Natural Systems and Resources. E.T.S. Ingeniería de Montes, Forestal y del Medio Natural, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Fort Collins Science Center, United States Geological Survey [Reston] (USGS), Laboratoire de Géographie Physique et Environnementale (GEOLAB), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Institut Sciences de l'Homme et de la Société (IR SHS UNILIM), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut d’Investigació per a la Gestió Integrada de Zones Costaneres (IGIC), Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut Sciences de l'Homme et de la Société (IR SHS UNILIM), and Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Environmental Engineering, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Floodplain, Salicaceae, Riparian forest, Cottonwood, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, Forests, Environmental flow, 01 natural sciences, Forest restoration, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Rivers, Decision tree, Humans, Floodplain restoration, [SDU.STU.GM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geomorphology, Regeneration (ecology), Waste Management and Disposal, Ecosystem, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Riparian zone, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, geography.geographical_feature_category, biology, Agroforestry, Willow, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, General Medicine, Vegetation, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Geography, Populus, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Poplar
Abstract

[EN] Human activities on floodplains have severely disrupted the regeneration of foundation riparian shrub and tree species of the Salicaceae family (Populus and Salix spp.) throughout the Northern Hemisphere. Restoration ecologists initially tackled this problem from a terrestrial perspective that emphasized planting. More recently, floodplain restoration activities have embraced an aquatic perspective, inspired by the expanding practice of managing river flows to improve river health (environmental flows). However, riparian Salicaceae species occupy floodplain and riparian areas, which lie at the interface of both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems along watercourses. Thus, their regeneration depends on a complex interaction of hydrologic and geomorphic processes that have shaped key life-cycle requirements for seedling establishment. Ultimately, restoration needs to integrate these concepts to succeed. However, while regeneration of Salicaceae is now reasonably well-understood, the literature reporting restoration actions on Salicaceae regeneration is sparse, and a specific theoretical framework is still missing. Here, we have reviewed 105 peer-reviewed published experiences in restoration of Salicaceae forests, including 91 projects in 10 world regions, to construct a decision tree to inform restoration planning through explicit links between the well-studied biophysical requirements of Salicaceae regeneration and 17 specific restoration actions, the most popular being planting (in 55% of the projects), land contouring (30%), removal of competing vegetation (30%), site selection (26%), and irrigation (24%). We also identified research gaps related to Salicaceae forest restoration and discuss alternative, innovative and feasible approaches that incorporate the human component., EG's participation in this work was partially supported by a Marie Curie International Outgoing Fellowship within the 7th European Community Framework Programme (ESFFORES project grant number 299044). VMF was supported by a pre-doctoral program from the Ministerio de Educacion, Cultura y Deporte, Spain, FPU 2013. PBS and EG were partially supported by the U.S. Geological Survey, Invasive Species Program. We thank M. Grabau and three anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on earlier drafts of the manuscript. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.

Published
2018

14. Value-Added Bio-products From Sewage Sludge

Author

Sellamuthu Balasubramanian, Rajeshwar Dayal Tyagi, Institut Armand Frappier (INRS-IAF), Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique [Québec] (INRS)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Centre Eau Terre Environnement [Québec] (INRS - ETE), and Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique [Québec] (INRS)

Subjects
[SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, [SDV.EE.SANT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Health, Materials science, Municipal solid waste, Waste management, Biosolids, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 02 engineering and technology, 010501 environmental sciences, Raw material, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Bioplastic, 6. Clean water, 12. Responsible consumption, Wastewater, 13. Climate action, Biofuel, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Sewage treatment, 0210 nano-technology, Sludge, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

International audience; The wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) treats wastewater and produces healthy water for water recycling and also produces a huge quantity of solid waste (sludge or biosolids). The municipal solid waste totals nearly 1.9. billion tons produced each year around the world. Disposal and transportation of solid wastes incur costs of around 50% of the total WWTP operation cost. The rich organic-nutrient-possessing sludge can be used as a raw material to produce value-added bio-products (VAPs) using green biotechnology approaches. The production of VAPs from biosolids could greatly reduce the sludge volume and yield beneficial products for industrial applications in an economic and eco-friendly way. In this chapter, the use of solid waste as raw material to produce VAPs like enzymes (laccases, degradative enzymes, and proteases), bioethanol and biodiesel, bio-fertilizer and bio-composting, bio-flocculants/biopolymers, biopesticides, and bioplastics were summarized.

Published
2017

15. Stay or go – how topographic complexity influences alpine plant population and community responses to climate change

Author

Jens-Christian Svenning, Hans Henrik Bruun, James D. M. Speed, Kari Anne Bråthen, Øystein H. Opedal, Ann Milbau, Bente J. Graae, Kristoffer Hylander, Hilary H. Birks, Kristine Bakke Westergaard, Inger Greve Alsos, Rasmus Ejrnæs, Kari Klanderud, Wolf L. Eiserhardt, Johan Ehrlén, H. John B. Birks, Vigdis Vandvik, W. Scott Armbruster, Jonathan Lenoir, University of Bergen (UiB), Dept Biol Sci, Ecoinformat & Biodivers Grp, Aarhus University [Aarhus], Stockholm University, Ecologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés - UMR CNRS 7058 (EDYSAN), and Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Population, Niche, Microclimate, Climate change, Plant Science, [SDV.BID]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity, adaptation, Refugia, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, refugia, VDP::Mathematics and natural science: 400::Zoology and botany: 480, Realized niche width, Adaptation, education, dispersal, resilience, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Ecological niche, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, education.field_of_study, Community, Resilience, Ecology, Dispersal, 15. Life on land, niche, 13. Climate action, Biological dispersal, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, microclimate, VDP::Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400::Zoologiske og botaniske fag: 480
Abstract

Accepted manuscript version. Published version available at https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ppees.2017.09.008. Accepted manuscript version, licensed CC BY-NC-ND 4.0. In the face of climate change, populations have two survival options − they can remain in situ and tolerate the new climatic conditions (“stay”), or they can move to track their climatic niches (“go”). For sessile and small-stature organisms like alpine plants, staying requires broad climatic tolerances, realized niche shifts due to changing biotic interactions, acclimation through plasticity, or rapid genetic adaptation. Going, in contrast, requires good dispersal and colonization capacities. Neither the magnitude of climate change experienced locally nor the capacities required for staying/going in response to climate change are constant across landscapes, and both aspects may be strongly affected by local microclimatic variation associated with topographic complexity. We combine ideas from population and community ecology to discuss the effects of topographic complexity in the landscape on the immediate “stay” or “go” opportunities of local populations and communities, and on the selective pressures that may have shaped the stay or go capacities of the species occupying contrasting landscapes. We demonstrate, using example landscapes of different topographical complexity, how species’ thermal niches could be distributed across these landscapes, and how these, in turn, may affect many population and community ecological processes that are related to adaptation or dispersal. Focusing on treeless alpine or Arctic landscapes, where temperature is expected to be a strong determinant, our theorethical framework leads to the hypothesis that populations and communities of topographically complex (rough and patchy) landscapes should be both more resistant and more resilient to climate change than those of topographically simple (flat and homogeneous) landscapes. Our theorethical framework further points to how meta-community dynamics such as mass effects in topographically complex landscapes and extinction lags in simple landscapes, may mask and delay the long-term outcomes of these landscape differences under rapidly changing climates.

Published
2017

16. Evaluation of lichen species resistance to atmospheric metal pollution by coupling diversity and bioaccumulation approaches: A new bioindication scale for French forested areas

Author

Nathalie Séjalon-Delmas, Yannick Agnan, Anne Probst, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris 6 - UPMC (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes - EPHE (FRANCE), Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (LEFE), Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT), Milieux Environnementaux, Transferts et Interactions dans les hydrosystèmes et les Sols (METIS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Interactions Microbiennes dans la Rhizosphère et les Racines, Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales (LRSV), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UCL - SST/ELI/ELIE - Environmental Sciences, Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT (FRANCE), Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (ECOLAB), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Evolution, Biochimie, General Decision Sciences, Ingénierie de l'environnement, 010501 environmental sciences, Biology, 01 natural sciences, Ramalina farinacea, Forest Atmospheric, Atmospheric purity, Diversity index, Sensitivity, Behavior and Systematics, Abundance (ecology), Canonical correspondence analysis, purity, Forest, Lichen, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, Diversity, Resistance (ecology), Ecology, Metal, 15. Life on land, Ecosystèmes, 13. Climate action, Bioaccumulation, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Eutrophication, Resistance scale, Biologie végétale
Abstract

International audience; In order to evaluate the metal resistance or sensitivity of lichen species and improve the bioindication scales, we studied lichens collected in eight plottings in French and Swiss remote forest areas. A total of 92 corticolous species was sampled, grouped in 54 lichen genera and an alga. Various ecological variables were calculated to characterize the environmental quality – including lichen diversity, lichen abundance, and Shannon index –, as well as lichen communities. Average ecological features were estimated for each study site and each of the following variables – light, temperature, continentality, humidity, substrate pH, and eutrophication – and they corresponded to lichen communities. Based on lichen frequencies, we calculated the index of atmospheric purity (IAP) and lichen diversity value (LDV). These two bioindication indices were closely related to lichen diversity and lichen abundance, respectively, due to their calculation formula. It appeared that LDV, which measures lichen abundance, was a better indicator of metal pollution than IAP. Coupling lichen diversity and metal bioaccumulation in a canonical correspondence analysis, we evaluated the resistance/sensitivity to atmospheric metal pollution for the 43 most frequent lichen species. After validation by eliminating possible influences of acid and nitrogen pollutions, we proposed a new scale to distinguish sensitive species (such as Physconia distorta, Pertusaria coccodes, and Ramalina farinacea) from resistant species (such as Lecanactis subabietina, Pertusaria leioplaca, and Pertusaria albescens) to metal pollution, adapted to such forested environment.

Published
2017

17. Ecology and Life Cycle Patterns of Echinococcus Species

Author

Kenichi Takahashi, Thomas Romig, Philip S. Craig, David Jenkins, M L de la Rue, Peter Deplazes, Patrick Giraudoux, Marion Wassermann, Alessandro Massolo, University of Zurich, Thompson, R C A, et al, Romig, T, Department of Parsitology [Stuttgart], University of Hohenheim, Institute of Parasitology, Universität Zürich [Zürich] = University of Zurich (UZH), School of Earth and Environment [Leeds] (SEE), University of Leeds, Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), University of Calgary, University of Salford, University of Zürich [Zürich] ( UZH ), School of Earth and Environment [Leeds] ( SEE ), Institut Universitaire de France ( IUF ), Ministère de l'Éducation nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche ( M.E.N.E.S.R. ), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), and Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS )

Subjects
10078 Institute of Parasitology, 0301 basic medicine, Epidemiology, Echinococcus shiquicus, 2405 Parasitology, Echinococcus equinus, law.invention, law, 600 Technology, Dog Diseases, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, Ecology, Geography, biology, Parasite ecology, 030108 mycology & parasitology, Transmission (mechanics), Animals, Domestic, Livestock, Echinococcus ortleppi, Life cycle, Ecology (disciplines), Echinococcus vogeli, Wildlife, 610 Medicine & health, Echinococcus multilocularis, [ SDV.EE ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, 03 medical and health sciences, Dogs, Echinococcosis, Animals, Humans, Transmission, Echinococcus oligarthra, [ SDE.BE ] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Life Cycle Stages, Echinococcus granulosus, business.industry, Host (biology), biology.organism_classification, Echinococcus, Echinococcus canadensis cluster, 570 Life sciences, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, business
Abstract

International audience; The genus Echinococcus is composed of eight generally recognized species and one genotypic cluster (Echinococcus canadensis cluster) that may in future be resolved into one to three species. For each species, we review existing information on transmission routes and life cycles in different geographical contexts and - where available - include basic biological information of parasites and hosts (e.g., susceptibility of host species). While some Echinococcus spp. are transmitted in life cycles that involve predominantly domestic animals (e.g., dog - livestock cycles), others are wildlife parasites that do or do not interact with domestic transmission. In many cases, life cycle patterns of the same parasite species differ according to geography. Simple life cycles contrast with transmission patterns that are highly complex, involving multihost systems that may include both domestic and wild mammals. Wildlife transmission may be primary or secondary, i.e., resulting from spillovers from domestic animals. For most of the species and regions, existing information does not yet permit a conclusive description of transmission systems. Such data, however, would be highly relevant, e.g., for anticipation of geographical changes of the presence and frequency of these parasites in a warming world, or for initiating evidence-based control strategies.

Published
2017

18. Vegetation phenology and habitat discrimination : impacts for E.multilocularis transmission host modelling

Author

Philip S. Craig, Qian Wang, F. Mark Danson, Patrick Giraudoux, Richard P. Armitage, Jiamin Qiu, Sally C. Reynolds, Christopher G. Marston, School of Natural Sciences and Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University ( LJMU ), Institut Universitaire de France ( IUF ), Ministère de l'Éducation nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche ( M.E.N.E.S.R. ), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), University of Salford, Centre for Environmental Systems Research, Johns Hopkins University ( JHU ), Sichuan Center for Disease Control, University of Liverpool, Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), and Johns Hopkins University (JHU)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Ochotona curzoniae, 030231 tropical medicine, Gansu pika, Soil Science, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Grassland, [ SDV.EE ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Vegetation index, Pika, Computers in Earth Sciences, 2. Zero hunger, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, geography, [ SDE.BE ] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, geography.geographical_feature_category, biology, Phenology, Ecology, Geology, Enhanced vegetation index, Vegetation, 15. Life on land, EVI, biology.organism_classification, Habitat, Ochotona, MODIS, Echinococcus multilocularis, Time-series, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract

International audience; Echinococcus multilocularis (Em), a parasitic tapeworm, is responsible for a significant burden of human disease across continental Asia. Here, we use a time-series of MODIS 16-day 250 m Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) satellite data to quantify the seasonal vegetation dynamics across a study area in Serxu County, Sichuan Province, China, in relation to the presence of the Em intermediate host Ochotona curzoniae (plateau pika) and Ochotona cansus (Gansu pika) (here merged to Ochotona spp.). A series of derived phenological metrics are analysed using the random forests statistical method to determine the relative importance of seasonal vegetation characteristics. Results indicate negative relationships between Ochotona spp. presence and EVI showing a preference for low-biomass habitats. However, EVI values during green-up and senescence periods are also shown to be important, potentially resulting from improved detectability of low-biomass grassland habitats at these times. Improved detection of Ochotona spp. preferred habitats via time-series EVI imagery offers better understanding of the distributions of this Em host, and the potential for monitoring the changes in Ochotona spp. optimal habitat distributions resulting from landscape change. This could aid the identification of villages at increased risk of infection, enabling preventive strategies to be adopted.

Published
2016

19. Beyond the water column: aquatic hyphomycetes outside their preferred habitat

Author

Julien Cornut, Eric Chauvet, Kandikere R. Sridhar, Marc-André Selosse, Felix Bärlocher, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT (FRANCE), Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris 6 - UPMC (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes - EPHE (FRANCE), Mangalore University (INDIA), Mount Allison University - MTA (CANADA), Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle - MNHN (FRANCE), Université de Lorraine (FRANCE), Institut de Systématique, Évolution, Biodiversité - ISYEB (Paris, France), Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (ECOLAB), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC), Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Terre et Environnement de Lorraine (OTELo), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Mangalore University, Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB ), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Mount Allison University, Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (LEFE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Plant Science, Hyphomycetes, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, Soil, Water column, 14. Life underwater, Groundwater, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Ecological niche, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, Ecologie, Environnement, Tree canopy, Ecology, biology, Brackish water, Ecological Modeling, Lake ecosystem, 030108 mycology & parasitology, biology.organism_classification, Aquatic hyphomycetes, Endophyte, Molecular methods, Habitat, Biological dispersal, Lentic habitat
Abstract

International audience; Aquatic hyphomycetes have adapted to running waters by their uncommon conidial shape, which facilitates dispersal as well as adherence to plant substrata. However, they have been early and regularly reported to occur in a variety of environments other than their preferred habitat (e.g., in lentic freshwaters, brackish and marine environments, in terrestrial niches such as stream banks, dew, canopy waters and tree holes). In addition, several aquatic hyphomycetes have adapted to a mutualistic lifestyle which may involve plant defence, as endophytes in leaves, gymnosperm needles, orchids and terrestrial roots. There are several lines of evidence suggesting that aquatic hyphomycetes survive under terrestrial conditions due to their sexual states. Although exhibiting higher diversity in pristine streams, aquatic hyphomycetes can survive environmental stress, e.g., pollution or river intermittency. They also inhabit ground and hyporheic waters, where they appear to be subjected to both physical and physiological selection. Appropriate methods including molecular ones should provide a more comprehensive view of the occurrence and ecological roles of aquatic hyphomycetes outside their preferred habitat.

Published
2016

20. A 3300-year atmospheric metal contamination record from Raeburn Flow raised bog, south west Scotland

Author

Dmitri Mauquoy, A Küttner, Tim Mighall, F. De Vleeschouwer, A. Martínez Cortizas, Ian D L Foster, Eva M. Krupp, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Universidad de Santiago de Compostela - USC (SPAIN), University of Aberdeen - ABDN (UNITED KINGDOM), University of Northampton (UNITED KINGDOM), Laboratoire Ecologie fonctionnelle et Environnement - EcoLab (Toulouse, France), University of Aberdeen, Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (LEFE), Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela [Spain] (USC ), and University of Northampton

Subjects
[SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, chemistry.chemical_classification, Ecologie, Environnement, Archeology, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Geochemistry, Mineralogy, chemistry.chemical_element, Contamination, Mining, Mercury (element), chemistry, Trace metals, Bronze Age, Organic matter, Trace metal, Raised bog – Roman – Scotland – PCA – Metallurgy, Milieux et Changements globaux, Bog, Raised bog, Geology, Arsenic
Abstract

International audience; There is now a plethora of records of atmospheric metal deposition across Europe based on total concentrations and calculated enrichment factors. However, to place such records into an archaeological context and to identify anthropogenic contamination signals more accurately, it is important to separate the signals derived from anthropogenic activities from those of a natural origin. This study presents a new 3300-year record from a bog in the vicinity of Hadrian's Wall and the Northern Pennine orefield in order to generate a new atmospheric metal deposition record for this archaeologically important part of the British Isles. For this purpose multi element geochemistry was undertaken to apportion the contribution of trace metals (lead, zinc, copper, arsenic and mercury) and sulphur as a result of mining/metallurgy and/or geogenic processes. To extract the different contributions through time we used total concentrations and enrichment factors (EF), and applied principal component analysis (PCA) to the dataset. The PCA extracted 7 components: at least two components are necessary to elucidate the trace metal distribution. Zinc, arsenic and lead are mostly related to atmospheric pollution, while mercury and copper appear to be more closely associated with organic matter. Based on these results four phases of lead contamination have been identified that date to: I, c. 2350–1500 cal BP; II, c. 1050–700 cal BP; III, c. 500–350 cal BP and IV, 250 cal BP–present. Copper enrichment also occurs during the Bronze Age (c. 3150–2800 cal BP). Peaks in other metals do not always correspond with lead and they may have been caused by other land use changes or processes that operate internally within the bog. Although the lead can be attributed to both anthropogenic and geogenic sources, its down profile pattern is in accordance with contamination records elsewhere in Britain and Europe, and the lead enrichment recorded at Raeburn Flow suggests that the Northern Pennine orefield was exploited for metals during the late Iron Age and Roman period.

Published
2014

21. Microscopic Aquatic Predators Strongly Affect Infection Dynamics of a Globally Emerged Pathogen

Author

Trenton W. J. Garner, An Martel, Mark Blooi, Dirk S. Schmeller, Lea Jäger, Franck Pasmans, Camille Leclerc, Michelle Guevara-Nieto, Frédéric Azémar, Adeline Loyau, Matthew C. Fisher, Frances C. Clare, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Helmholtz-Zentrum für Umweltforschung - UFZ (GERMANY), Imperial College London (UNITED KINGDOM), Universiteit Gent - UGENT (BELGIUM), Zoological Society of London - ZSL (UNITED KINGDOM), Laboratoire Ecologie fonctionnelle et Environnement - EcoLab (Toulouse, France), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT (FRANCE), Helmholtz Zentrum für Umweltforschung = Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (LEFE), Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT), Universiteit Gent = Ghent University (UGENT), Imperial College London, Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (ECOLAB), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT)

Subjects
Aquatic pathogen, Force of infection, Disease, Biology, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Animals, Colonization, Chytridiomycosis, Pathogen, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, Infectivity, Ecologie, Environnement, Agricultural and Biological Sciences(all), Ecology, Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology(all), Risk of infection, Water, Chytridiomycota, Mycoses, 13. Climate action, Microfauna, Anura, Water Microbiology, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Infection
Abstract

International audience; Research on emerging infectious wildlife diseases has placed particular emphasis on host-derived barriers to infection and disease. This focus neglects important extrinsic determinants of the host/pathogen dynamic, where all barriers to infection should be considered when ascertaining the determinants of infectivity and pathogenicity of wildlife pathogens [1-3]. Those pathogens with free-living stages, such as fungi causing catastrophic wildlife declines on a global scale [4], must confront lengthy exposure to environmental barriers before contact with an uninfected host [5-8]. Hostile environmental conditions therefore have the ability to decrease the density of infectious particles, reducing the force of infection and ameliorating the impact as well as the probability of establishing an infection [9]. Here we show that, in nature, the risk of infection and infectious burden of amphibians infected by the chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) have a significant, site-specific component, and that these correlate with the microfauna present at a site. Experimental infections show that aquatic microfauna can rapidly lower the abundance and density of infectious stages by consuming Bd zoospores, resulting in a significantly reduced probability of infection in anuran tadpoles. Our findings offer new perspectives for explaining the divergent impacts of Bd infection in amphibian assemblages and contribute to our understanding of ecosystem resilience to colonization by novel pathogens.

Published
2014

22. Influence of fine process particles enriched with metals and metalloids on Lactuca sativa L. leaf fatty acid composition following air and/or soil-plant field exposure

Author

Marina Le Guédard, Eva Schreck, Christophe Laplanche, Camille Dumat, Annabelle Austruy, Tiantian Xiong, Jean-Jacques Bessoule, Yann Foucault, Centre National d'Études Spatiales - CNES (FRANCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT (FRANCE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - IRD (FRANCE), Société de Traitement Chimique des Métaux - STCM (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Université de Bordeaux 2 - Victor Segalen (FRANCE), Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (ECOLAB), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Laboratoire de biogenèse membranaire (LBM), Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (LEFE), Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE)

Subjects
Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, 0211 other engineering and technologies, Lactuca, 02 engineering and technology, 010501 environmental sciences, Toxicology, 01 natural sciences, Soil, Magnoliopsida, Mixture of metal(loid)s, Soil Pollutants, Metalloids, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, chemistry.chemical_classification, Ecologie, Environnement, Air Pollutants, 021110 strategic, defence & security studies, biology, Fatty Acids, Fatty acid, Soil chemistry, food and beverages, General Medicine, Lettuce, Contamination, biology.organism_classification, Statistical index, Pollution, Plant Leaves, chemistry, Metals, 13. Climate action, Environmental chemistry, Soil water, Phytotoxicity, Metalloid, Uptake pathways, Leaf fatty acid composition, Environmental Monitoring
Abstract

International audience; We investigate the effect of both foliar and root uptake of a mixture of metal(loid)s on the fatty acid composition of plant leaves. Our objectives are to determine whether both contamination pathways have a similar effect and whether they interact. Lactuca sativa L. were exposed to fine process particles enriched with metal(loid)s in an industrial area. Data from a first experiment were used to conduct an exploratory statistical analysis which findings were successfully cross-validated by using the data from a second one. Both foliar and root pathways impact plant leaf fatty acid composition and do not interact. Z index (dimensionless quantity), weighted product of fatty acid concentration ratios was built up from the statistical analyses. It provides new insights on the mechanisms involved in metal uptake and phytotoxicity. Plant leaf fatty acid composition is a robust and fruitful approach to detect and understand the effects of metal(loid) contamination on plants.

Published
2013

23. The role of fluvial sediment supply and river-mouth hydrology in the dynamics of the muddy, Amazon-dominated Amapa-Guianas coast, South America: A three-point research agenda

Author

Antoine Gardel, Edward J. Anthony, Christophe Proisy, Romain Walcker, E. Gensac, Christina Péron, François Fromard, Sandric Lesourd, Aix-Marseille Université - AMU (FRANCE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique - CIRAD (FRANCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique - INRA (FRANCE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - IRD (FRANCE), Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale - ULCO (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Université de Montpellier 2 (FRANCE), Laboratoire d’Océanologie et de Géosciences (LOG) - UMR 8187 (LOG), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Nord]), Morphodynamique Continentale et Côtière (M2C), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d’Océanologie et de Géosciences (LOG) - UMR 8187 ( LOG ), Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Morphodynamique Continentale et Côtière ( M2C ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Rouen Normandie ( UNIROUEN ), Normandie Université ( NU ) -Normandie Université ( NU ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Université de Caen Normandie ( UNICAEN ), Normandie Université ( NU ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)-Université de Lille-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Mud banks, Drainage basin, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Rivers, Human settlement, River mouth, River-mouth hydraulic groyne, 14. Life underwater, Sandy cheniers, Amazon, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, Hydrology, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, Ecologie, Environnement, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, [ SDU.STU.OC ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography, Terrigenous sediment, Amazon rainforest, Geology, Estuary, 15. Life on land, Muddy coast, South America, Coring, Oceanography, Guiana Shield, 13. Climate action, Submarine pipeline
Abstract

International audience; The morphology and sediment dynamics of the 1500 km-long coast of South America between the mouths of the Amazon and the Orinoco Rivers are largely dependent on the massive suspended-sediment discharge of the Amazon, part of which is transported alongshore as mud banks. These mud banks have an overwhelming impact on the geology, the geomorphology, the ecology and the economy of this coast. Although numerous field investigations and remote sensing studies have considerably enhanced our understanding of the dynamics of this coast over the last three decades, much still remains to be understood of the unique functional mechanisms and processes driving its evolution. Among the themes that we deem as requiring further attention three come out as fundamental. The first concerns the mechanisms of formation of individual mud banks from mud streaming on the shelf off the mouth of the Amazon. An unknown quantity of the fluid mud generated by offshore estuarine front activity is transported shoreward and progressively forms mud banks on the Amapa coast, Brazil. The volume of each mud bank can contain from the equivalent of the annual mud supply of the Amazon to several times this annual sediment discharge. The mechanisms by which individual banks are generated from the Amazon turbidity maximum are still to be elucidated. Areas of research include regional mesoscale oceanographic conditions and mud supply from the Amazon. The second theme is that of variations in rates of migration of mud banks, which influence patterns of coastal accretion. Research emphasis needs to be placed on the analysis of both regional meteorological-hydrodynamic forcing and distant Atlantic forcing, as well as on the hydrology of the large rivers draining the Guyana Shield. The rivers appear to generate significant offshore deflection of mud banks in transit alongshore, through a hydraulic-groyne effect. This may favour both muddy accretion on the updrift coast and downdrift mud liquefaction with probably lessened muddy deposition. The third theme concerns sand supply by the Guiana Shield rivers. The rare sand deposits are important in providing sites for human settlements and routes and for nesting by marine turtles. The limited presence of sand bodies on this coast may reflect "mud blanketing", a hypothesis that requires verification through high-resolution seismic analyses of shelf deposits and coring operations. The large Guiana Shield rivers, especially in Surinam and Guyana, have supplied sand for the construction of significant bands of cheniers, probably enhanced by the afore-mentioned downdrift hydraulic-groyne effect on hindered mud deposition. In all the three themes of this future research agenda, two central elements are the sediment input of the rivers of the Amazon basin, starting with the massive mud supply from the Amazon catchment itself, followed by sand inputs by the Guiana Shield rivers and their river-mouth effects on mud banks.

Published
2013

24. Frugivores and seed dispersal (1985–2010); the ‘seeds’ dispersed, established and matured

Author

Joanna E. Lambert, Pedro Jordano, S. Joseph Wright, Anna Traveset, Pierre-Michel Forget, Katrin Böhning-Gaese, Mécanismes adaptatifs : des organismes aux communautés, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Department of Ecological Anthropology, University of Texas at San Antonio, Institut of Zoology - Dept V - Univ. Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg - Universität Mainz (JGU), Institut Mediterrani d'Estudis Avançats [Esporles, Spain] (CSIC-UIB), Institut Mediterrani d'estudis Avançats, Mallorca, Spain, and Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute

Subjects
[SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, Diaspore (botany), Community, Ecology, Seed dispersal, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], education, Climate change, Population genetics, Biology, Seed dispersal syndrome, Frugivore, Agronomy, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Nature and Landscape Conservation, Woody plant
Abstract

International audience

Published
2011

25. A photosynthetic rotating annular bioreactor (Taylor–Couette type flow) for phototrophic biofilm cultures

Author

Robert Duran, Jérôme Morchain, Béatrice Lauga, Etienne Paul, Loïc Ten-Hage, Armelle Paule, J. L. Rols, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT (FRANCE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique - INRA (FRANCE), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Toulouse - INSA (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour - UPPA (FRANCE), Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (ECOLAB), Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Institut Pluridisciplinaire de Recherche sur l'Environnement et les Matériaux (IPREM), Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et des Procédés (LISBP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), French National Programme EC2CO – Environmental Microbiology, Midi-Pyrénées Council Programme of the Pyrenean working community, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (LEFE), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT), Institut pluridisciplinaire de recherche sur l'environnement et les matériaux (IPREM), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), and Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Taylore-Couette type flow, Environmental Engineering, Time Factors, Rotation, Water flow, Phototrophic biofilms, Cell Culture Techniques, Colony Count, Microbial, Photobioreactor, Mineralogy, 010501 environmental sciences, Biology, 01 natural sciences, Bioreactors, T-RFLP, Microbial community, Bioreactor, Shear stress, Biomass, Photosynthesis, Waste Management and Disposal, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Water Science and Technology, Civil and Structural Engineering, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, Ecologie, Environnement, Principal Component Analysis, Phototroph, Bacteria, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Ecological Modeling, Biofilm, Rotating annular bioreactor, Pollution, 6. Clean water, Phototrophic Processes, Phototrophic biofilm, Microbial population biology, Chemical engineering, Biofilms, Hydrodynamics
Abstract

International audience; In their natural environment, the structure and functioning of microbial communities from river phototrophic biofilms are driven by biotic and abiotic factors. An understanding of the mechanisms that mediate the community structure, its dynamics and the biological succession processes during phototrophic biofilm development can be gained using laboratory-scale systems operating with controlled parameters. For this purpose, we present the design and description of a new prototype of a rotating annular bioreactor (RAB) (TayloreCouette type flow, liquid working volume of 5.04 L) specifically adapted for the cultivation and investigation of phototrophic biofilms. The innovation lies in the presence of a modular source of light inside of the system, with the biofilm colonization and development taking place on the stationary outer cylinder (onto 32 removable polyethylene plates). The biofilm cultures were investigated under controlled turbulent flowing conditions and nutrients were provided using a synthetic medium (tap water supplemented with nitrate, phosphate and silica) to favour the biofilm growth. The hydrodynamic features of the water flow were characterized using a tracer method, showing behaviour corresponding to a completely mixed reactor. Shear stress forces on the surface of plates were also quantified by computer simulations and correlated with the rotational speed of the inner cylinder. Two phototrophic biofilm development experiments were performed for periods of 6.7 and 7 weeks with different inoculation procedures and illumination intensities. For both experiments, biofilm biomasses exhibited linear growth kinetics and produced 4.2 and 2.4 mg cm-2 of ash-free dry matter. Algal and bacterial community structures were assessed by microscopy and T-RFLP, respectively, and the two experiments were different but revealed similar temporal dynamics. Our study confirmed the performance and multipurpose nature of such an innovative photosynthetic bioreactor for phototrophic biofilm investigations.

Published
2011

26. Characterization of lead-recycling facility emissions at various workplaces: Major insights for sanitary risks assessment

Author

Jean-Jacques Sauvain, Sophie Sobanska, Camille Dumat, Géraldine Sarret, Gaëlle Uzu, Philippe Pradere, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - IRD (FRANCE), Institute for Work and Health (SWITZERLAND), Société de Traitement Chimique des Métaux - STCM (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Géosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'aérologie (LAERO), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Laboratoire Avancé de Spectroscopie pour les Intéractions la Réactivité et l'Environnement - UMR 8516 (LASIRE), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géochimie, Institut des Sciences de la Terre (ISTerre), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-PRES Université de Grenoble-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-PRES Université de Grenoble-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute for Work and Health (IST), Equipe Réactivité des particules, Société de traitement chimique des métaux (STCM), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT), Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (LEFE), Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT), École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse (ENSAT), ADEME, the French Agency for Environment and Energy and the STCM. + the National CNRS CYTRIX-EC2CO program., Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centrale Lille Institut (CLIL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-PRES Université de Grenoble-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-PRES Université de Grenoble-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (ECOLAB), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), and École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT]

Subjects
Aging, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, PM, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Speciation, Air pollution, 010501 environmental sciences, Spectrum Analysis, Raman, medicine.disease_cause, 01 natural sciences, X-Ray Diffraction, Recycling, Workplaces, Lung, Waste Management and Disposal, Refining (metallurgy), Risk assessment, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, Lead, Environmental Monitoring, Environmental Pollution, Occupational Exposure, Industrial Waste, Risk Assessment, Pollution, Refinery, Metals, Epidemiological Monitoring, Smelting, Crystallization, Environmental Engineering, Channeled emissions, Context (language use), 12. Responsible consumption, medicine, Humans, Environmental Chemistry, Génie chimique, Particle Size, Air quality index, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Santé, Environmental engineering, Lead smelting, Aerosol, Lead Poisoning, 13. Climate action, Microscopy, Electron, Scanning, Environmental science
Abstract

International audience; Most available studies on lead smelter emissions deal with the environmental impact of outdoor particles, but only a few focus on air quality at workplaces. The objective of this study is to physically and chemically characterize the Pb-rich particles emitted at different workplaces in a lead recycling plant. A multi-scale characterization was conducted from bulk analysis to the level of individual particles, to assess the particles properties in relation with Pb speciation and availability. Process PM from various origins were sampled and then compared; namely Furnace and Refining PM respectively present in the smelter and at refinery workplaces, Emissions PM present in channeled emissions. These particles first differed by their morphology and size distribution, with finer particles found in emissions. Differences observed in chemical composition could be explained by the industrial processes. All PM contained the same major phases (Pb, PbS, PbO, PbSO4 and PbO*PbSO4) but differed on the nature and amount of minor phases. Due to high content in PM, Pb concentrations in the CaCl2 extractant reached relatively high values (40 mg L−1). However, the ratios (soluble/total) of CaCl2 exchangeable Pb were relatively low (

Published
2011

27. Influence of Chironomus riparius (Diptera, Chironomidae) and Tubifex tubifex (Annelida, Oligochaeta) on oxygen uptake by sediments. Consequences of uranium contamination

Author

Franck Gilbert, Philippe Cuny, Georges Stora, Sandra Lagauzère, Jean-Marc Bonzom, Laura Pischedda, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT (FRANCE), Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire - IRSN (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille II (FRANCE), Laboratoire de Radioécologie et d'Ecotoxicologie (DEI/SECRE/LRE), Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), Laboratoire de MicrobiologiE de Géochimie et d'Ecologie Marines (LMGEM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2, Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (ECOLAB), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Laboratoire de Radioécologie et d'Ecotoxicologie (IRSN/DEI/SECRE/LRE), Service d'Etude du Comportement des Radionucléides dans les Ecosystèmes (IRSN/DEI/SECRE), Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN)-Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (LEFE), Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), and Université de Toulouse (UT)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Geologic Sediments, Water Pollutants, Radioactive, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, ved/biology.organism_classification_rank.species, Fresh Water, 010501 environmental sciences, Toxicology, 01 natural sciences, Chironomidae, Sediments, Water column, Animals, Oligochaeta, Water pollution, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, Chironomus riparius, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Ecologie, Environnement, Freshwater macroinvertebrates, biology, Ecology, [CHIM.ORGA]Chemical Sciences/Organic chemistry, ved/biology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Sediment, General Medicine, biology.organism_classification, Pollution, Tubifex, Oxygen, Chimie organique, Diffusive oxygen uptake, Heavy metals, 13. Climate action, Tubifex tubifex, Environmental chemistry, Uranium, Bioturbation
Abstract

International audience; The diffusive oxygen uptake (DOU) of sediments inhabited by Chironomus riparius and Tubifex tubifex was investigated using a planar oxygen optode device, and complemented by measurements of bioturbation activity. Additional experiments were performed within contaminated sediments to assess the impact of uranium on these processes. After 72 h, the two invertebrate species significantly increased the DOU of sediments (13–14%), and no temporal variation occurred afterwards. Within contaminated sediments, it was already 24% higher before the introduction of the organisms, suggesting that uranium modified the sediment biogeochemistry. Although the two species firstly reacted by avoidance of contaminated sediment, they finally colonized it. Their bioturbation activity was reduced but, for T. tubifex, it remained sufficient to induce a release of uranium to the water column and an increase of the DOU (53%). These results highlight the necessity of further investigations to take into account the interactions between bioturbation, microbial metabolism and pollutants.

Published
2009

28. Study of lead phytoavailability for atmospheric industrial micronic and sub-micronic particles in relation with lead speciation

Author

Sophie Sobanska, Philippe Pradere, Camille Dumat, Yassine Aliouane, Gaëlle Uzu, Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Société de Traitement Chimique des Métaux - STCM (FRANCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille - USTL (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT (FRANCE), Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (ECOLAB), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Avancé de Spectroscopie pour les Intéractions la Réactivité et l'Environnement - UMR 8516 (LASIRE), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Chemical Metal Treatment Company, STCM, Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centrale Lille Institut (CLIL), Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (LEFE), Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT), Société de traitement chimique des métaux, Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées

Subjects
Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, media_common.quotation_subject, Biological Availability, Industrial Waste, 010501 environmental sciences, Toxicology, Ecotoxicology, Spectrum Analysis, Raman, 01 natural sciences, Industrial waste, Calcium Chloride, Phytoavailability, Soil–lettuce transfer, Soil Pollutants, Particle Size, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, media_common, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, Pollutant, Ecologie, Environnement, Air Pollutants, Chemistry, Extraction (chemistry), Biological Transport, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, General Medicine, Particulates, Lettuce, Pollution, Aerosol, Speciation, PM2.5 and PM10, Lead, 13. Climate action, Environmental chemistry, Soil water, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, Microscopy, Electron, Scanning, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Particle size
Abstract

International audience; Particles from channelled emissions of a battery recycling facility were size-segregated and investigated to correlate their speciation and morphology with their transfer towards lettuce. Microculture experiments carried out with various calcareous soils spiked with micronic and sub-micronic particles (1650 ± 20 mg Pb kg−1) highlighted a greater transfer in soils mixed with the finest particles. According to XRD and Raman spectroscopy results, the two fractions presented differences in the amount of minor lead compounds like carbonates, but their speciation was quite similar, in decreasing order of abundance: PbS, PbSO4, PbSO4·PbO, α-PbO and Pb0. Morphology investigations revealed that PM2.5 (i.e. Particulate Matter 2.5 composed of particles suspended in air with aerodynamic diameters of 2.5 μm or less) contained many Pb nanoballs and nanocrystals which could influence lead availability. The soil–plant transfer of lead was mainly influenced by size and was very well estimated by 0.01 M CaCl2 extraction. The soil–lettuce lead transfer from atmospheric industrial sub-micronic and micronic particles depends on particle size.

Published
2009

29. Anthropogenic impacts in North Poland over the last 1300 years - A record of Pb, Zn, Cu, Ni and S in an ombrotrophic peat bog

Author

Jarosław Sikorski, Natalia Piotrowska, Nadine Mattielli, Barbara Fialkiewicz, Gaël Le Roux, Virginie Renson, A. Cheburkin, Anna Pazdur, Nathalie Fagel, François De Vleeschouwer, Universität Heidelberg (GERMANY), Université de Liège (BELGIUM), Université Libre de Bruxelles - ULB (BELGIUM), Silesian University of Technology (POLAND), University of Silesia in Katowice (POLAND), Vrije Universiteit Brussel - VUB (BELGIUM), Argiles, Géochimie et Environnements sédimentaires - AGES (Liège, Belgium), Earth System Sciences, Geology, Isotope Geology and Evolution of Paleo-Environmnents, Silesian University of Technology, Argiles, Géochimie et Environnements sédimentaires - AGES (Liège, Belgium) (AGEs), Université de Liège, Universität Heidelberg [Heidelberg], Scientific Research Laboratory, British Museum, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), and University of Silesia in Katowice

Subjects
Peat, Time Factors, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Air pollution, 010501 environmental sciences, medicine.disease_cause, History, 18th Century, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Sciences de la Terre, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, Soil Pollutants, Waste Management and Disposal, Bog, History, Ancient, media_common, History, 15th Century, Metal mobility, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, geography.geographical_feature_category, Géochimie, History, 19th Century, Pollution, Eastern european, Lead isotopes, History, 16th Century, Environmental chemistry, Environmental Engineering, Baltic Sea, media_common.quotation_subject, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Ombrotrophic, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, History, 21st Century, History, 17th Century, Metals, Heavy, medicine, Environmental Chemistry, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Ecologie, Environnement, geography, Trace element, Environmental engineering, History, 20th Century, History, Medieval, Lead, 13. Climate action, Isotope geochemistry, Wetlands, Peat bog, Environmental science, Last millennium, Poland, Environmental Pollution, Sulfur
Abstract

International audience; Lead pollution history over Northern Poland was reconstructed for the last ca. 1300 years using the elemental and Pb isotope geochemistry of a dated Polish peat bog. The data show that Polish Pb-Zn ores and coal were the main sources of Pb, other heavy metals and S over Northern Poland up until the industrial revolution. After review of the potential mobility of each element, most of the historical interpretation was based on Pb and Pb isotopes, the other chemical elements (Zn, Cu, Ni, S) being considered secondary indicators of pollution. During the last century, leaded gasoline also contributed to anthropogenic Pb pollution over Poland. Coal and Pb-Zn ores, however, remained important sources of pollution in Eastern European countries during the last 50 years, as demonstrated by a high 206Pb/207Pb ratio (1.153) relative to that of Western Europe (ca. 1.10). The Pb data for the last century were also in good agreement with modelled Pb inventories over Poland and the Baltic region.

Published
2009

30. Alien species in a warmer world: risks and opportunities

Author

Alain Roques, Marc Kenis, Martin Zobel, Vadim E. Panov, Josef Settele, Katrin Vohland, Ingolf Kühn, Wojciech Solarz, Thomas Hickler, Vojtěch Jarošík, Montserrat Vilà, Christelle Robinet, Martin T. Sykes, Gian-Reto Walther, V. P. Semenchenko, Bálint Czúcz, Petr Pyšek, Jens Dauber, Wilfried Thuiller, Jürgen Ott, Sven Bacher, Stefan Klotz, Dan Minchin, Björn Reineking, Wolfgang Nentwig, Mari Moora, Harald Bugmann, Philip E. Hulme, Zoltán Botta-Dukát, Department of Plant Ecology, Unité de recherche Zoologie Forestière (URZF), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), The Bio-Protection Research Centre, Lincoln University, Lund University [Lund], Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), Charles University in Prague, Partenaires INRAE, Department of Community Ecology, Helmholtz Zentrum für Umweltforschung = Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences [Tartu], University of Tartu, Universite de Fribourg, Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA), Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems (ITES), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Institute of Integrative and Comparative Biology, University of Leeds, Centre for Agricultural and Biosciences International (CABI), Marine Organism Investigations, Universität Bern- University of Bern [Bern], L.U.P.O. GmbH, Saint Petersburg State University (SPBU), University of Bayreuth, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus (NASB), Institute of Nature Conservation, Polska Akademia Nauk = Polish Academy of Sciences (PAN), Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), and Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Range (biology), [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, biological invasions, Biodiversity, Context (language use), Introduced species, Global Warming, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, climate warming, Ecosystem services, Risk Factors, espèce exotique invasive, Animals, 14. Life underwater, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, ecosystem, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, invasive alien species, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Global warming, Plants, 15. Life on land, insecte, Adaptation, Physiological, climate change, Geography, 13. Climate action, Species richness, Global biodiversity
Abstract

Climate change and biological invasions are key processes affecting global biodiversity, yet their effects have usually been considered separately. Here, we emphasise that global warming has enabled alien species to expand into regions in which they previously could not survive and reproduce. Based on a review of climate-mediated biological invasions of plants, invertebrates, fishes and birds, we discuss the ways in which climate change influences biological invasions. We emphasise the role of alien species in a more dynamic context of shifting species’ ranges and changing communities. Under these circumstances, management practices regarding the occurrence of ‘new’ species could range from complete eradication to tolerance and even consideration of the ‘new’ species as an enrichment of local biodiversity and key elements to maintain ecosystem services.

Published
2009

31. Environmental effects related to the local absence of exotic fish

Author

Jordi Figuerola, Frédéric Santoul, Régis Céréghino, Jari Syväranta, Dorothée Kopp, Arthur Compin, Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (ECOLAB), Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Estacion Biologica, Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas - CSIC (SPAIN), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (LEFE), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), and Université de Toulouse (UT)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Environmental management, Biodiversité et Ecologie, General Linear Modelling, Exotic species, Introduced species, Land cover, General linear modelling, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Invasive species, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Rivers, 14. Life underwater, Biological invasions, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Nature and Landscape Conservation, Ecologie, Environnement, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, Land use, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Land-cover, Aquatic animal, 15. Life on land, Geography, Ecosystèmes, 13. Climate action, Plant cover, Species richness, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Global biodiversity
Abstract

Given the extent of biological invasions in industrialized countries, our understanding of the determi- nants of overall patterns of biological invasions could gain most from consideration of why exotic species are absent from some areas, rather than from distribution patterns of exotic species. Fish communities were sampled at 381 sites representing 221 rivers in the Adour-Garonne stream system (116 000 km2, SW France). Very few rivers were not colonized by exotic fish species, however, on a local basis, only 33% of the sampling sites hosted exotics. Using General Linear Modelling, we found that patterns of exotic fish (occurrence, number of species, proportion within assemblage) responded to both land-use and physical variables, whereas patterns of native fish only responded to the local meso-scale characteristics of each stream reach from headwaters to mouth. All fish communities were susceptible to invasion regardless of native species richness, and higher native species richness did not decrease the opportunity for establishment by exotic species. The likelihood that exotic fish are absent primarily increased with elevation and with lower human influence upon the land cover, while human-impacted landscapes (agri- cultural and urban areas) were more likely to host exotic fish and higher numbers of exotic species. In light of urban and agricultural development, our ability to detect responses of exotic species to landscape alterations using a combination of simple physical and land cover variables exemplifies a cost-effective technique for assessing areas at greater invasion risk in large stream systems.

Published
2009

32. Photochemical UV/TiO2 treatment of olive mill wastewater (OMW)

Author

J.C. Revel, H. El Hajjouji, Mohamed Hafidi, J.-R. Bailly, Peter Winterton, Claire Richard, Eric Pinelli, Farid Barje, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Université Blaise Pascal - UBP (FRANCE), University of Cadi Ayyad - UCAM (MOROCCO), Laboratoire d'écologie Végétale, Sol et Environnement (Marrakech, Morocco), Université Cadi Ayyad [Marrakech] (UCA), Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (ECOLAB), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT], Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (LEFE), Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT), Photochimie moléculaire et macromoléculaire (PMM), and Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Environmental Engineering, food.ingredient, Pectin, Photochemistry, Ultraviolet Rays, Biochimie, Biologie Moléculaire, chemistry.chemical_element, Industrial Waste, Bioengineering, 02 engineering and technology, 010501 environmental sciences, Fictitious atomic-group separation, 01 natural sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, food, Ultraviolet visible spectroscopy, Oxidation state, Olea, UV/TiO 2, Organic chemistry, Food Industry, Water Pollutants, [SDV.BBM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Phenols, Waste Management and Disposal, Environmental Restoration and Remediation, IRTF Spectroscopy, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, UV/TiO2, Titanium, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, Ecologie, Environnement, Olive mill wastewater, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, Chemical oxygen demand, General Medicine, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 6. Clean water, chemistry, Wastewater, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Photocatalysis, Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet, 0210 nano-technology, Carbon, UV–visible spectroscopy, Nuclear chemistry
Abstract

International audience; Olive mill wastewater (OMW) was treated by photocatalysis using TiO 2 under UV irradiation on the laboratory scale. The chemical oxygen demand, the coloration at 330 nm, and the level of phenols all showed decreases which, after a 24-h treatment, reached 22%, 57% and 94%, respectively. The differences between these three values indicate the persistence of colourless, non-phenolic compounds. Application of the novel Fictitious Atomic-Group Separation method showed an increase in carbon oxidation state and confirmed that the attack primarily concerns, aromatic moieties. A fine spectroscopic study revealed the occurrence of three successive phases during the degradation process, thought to correspond to three different categories of molecules in the OMW and the presence of pectin compounds.

Published
2008

33. Potential role of NADPH-oxidase in early steps of lead-induced oxidative burst in Vicia faba roots

Author

Eric Pinelli, Bertrand Pourrut, Maritxu Guiresse, Jérôme Silvestre, Geoffrey Perchet, Marie Cecchi, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (LEFE), Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT), Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (ECOLAB), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), and Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Xanthine Oxidase, Calmodulin, Physiology, Biodiversité et Ecologie, chemistry.chemical_element, Plant Science, 010501 environmental sciences, Calcium, 01 natural sciences, Plant Roots, 03 medical and health sciences, Reactive oxygenspecies, medicine, Staurosporine, Protein kinase C, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 030304 developmental biology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Respiratory Burst, chemistry.chemical_classification, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, Ecologie, Environnement, 0303 health sciences, Reactive oxygen species, Oxidoreductases Acting on CH-NH Group Donors, NADPH oxidase, biology, NADPH Oxidases, Oxidative burst, Respiratory burst, Vicia faba, chemistry, Biochemistry, Lead, Luminescent Measurements, biology.protein, Calcium Channels, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Reactive Oxygen Species, Agronomy and Crop Science, Oxidation-Reduction, Protein Kinases, Copper, NADPH-oxidase, medicine.drug
Abstract

International audience; The mechanism of oxidative burst induced by lead in Vicia faba excised roots was investigated by luminol-dependent chemiluminescence. Results showed that lead triggered a rapid and dose-dependent increase in chemiluminescence production. In this study, specific inhibitors of putative reactive oxygen species (ROS) sources were used to determine the mechanism of lead-induced ROS generation. This generation was sensitive to dephenylene iodonium (DPI), quinacrine and imidazole, some inhibitors of the NADPH-oxidase and not inhibited by other putative ROS sources inhibitors. Data reported in this work clearly demonstrated the pivotal role of NADPH-oxidase-like enzyme in early steps of lead-induced oxidative burst. To investigate the respective implication of calmodulin and protein kinase (PK) in leadinduced NADPH-oxidase activation, excised roots were treated with the calmodulin inhibitor W7 or with the PK inhibitor staurosporine. The chemiluminescence generation inhibition by these inhibitors illustrated the role of PK in lead-induced NADPH-oxidase activation and revealed a calmodulin-dependent step. Using the calcium entry blocker La 3+ or different concentrations of calcium in the extracellular medium, our data highlighted the implication of Ca 2+ channel in leadinduced oxidative burst.

Published
2008

34. Bacterivory by benthic organisms in sediment : Quantification using 15N-enriched bacteria

Author

Clarisse Mallet, Pierre-Yves Pascal, Pierre Richard, Christine Dupuy, Nathalie Niquil, LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés - UMRi 7266 (LIENSs), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Microorganismes : Génome et Environnement (LMGE), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I (UdA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I (UdA), Conseil Général de Charente Maritime Programme ECCO Programme PNEC-Chantier Littoral Atlantique, ANR-06-BLAN-0393,VASIREMI,Trophic significance of microbial biofilms in tidal flats(2006), LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), and La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Meiobenthos, Aquatic Science, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Sediments, Isotopes, Stable Isotope, Tracer, Grazing, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Marine environment, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, Biomass (ecology), Bacteria, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Sediment, biology.organism_classification, Stable isotope, Hydrobia, Ammonia tepida, Benthic organism, Benthic zone, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Isotope labelling
Abstract

The fate of benthic bacterial biomass in benthic food webs is a topic of major importance but poorly described. This paper describes an alternative method for evaluation of bacterial grazing rate by meiofauna and macrofauna using bacteria pre-enriched with stable isotopes. Natural bacteria from the sediment of an intertidal mudflat were cultured in a liquid medium enriched with 15NH4Cl. Cultured bacteria contained 2.9% of 15N and were enriched sufficiently to be used as tracers during grazing experiments. Cultured bacteria presented a biovolume (0.21 μm3) and a percentage of actively respiring bacteria (10%) similar to those found in natural communities. The number of Operational Taxon Units found in cultures fluctuated between 56 and 75% of that found in natural sediment. Despite this change in community composition, the bacterial consortium used for grazing experiments exhibited characteristics of size, activity and diversity more representative of the natural community than usually noticed in many other grazing studies. The bacterial ingestion rates of three different grazers were in the range of literature values resulting from other methods: 1149 ngC ind−1h−1 for the mud snail Hydrobia ulvae, 0.027 ngC ind−1 h−1 for the nematode community, and 0.067 ngC ind−1 h−1 for the foraminifera Ammonia tepida. The alternative method described in this paper overcomes some past limitations and it presents interesting advantages such as short time incubation and in situ potential utilisation.

Published
2008

35. Roman road pollution assessed by elemental and lead isotope geochemistry in East Belgium

Author

Nadine Mattielli, Serge Nekrassoff, François De Vleeschouwer, Virginie Renson, Nathalie Fagel, Maurice Streel, Université de Liège (BELGIUM), Université Libre de Bruxelles - ULB (BELGIUM), Station scientifique des Hautes Fagnes (Robertville, Belgium), Earth System Sciences, Geology, Isotope Geology and Evolution of Paleo-Environmnents, Argiles, Géochimie et Environnements sédimentaires - AGES (Liège, Belgium) (AGEs), Université de Liège, Scientific Research Laboratory, British Museum, and Paléobotanique, Paléopalynologie, Micropaléontologie (Liège, Belgium)

Subjects
Pollution, Peat, Environmental change, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, media_common.quotation_subject, Earth science, 010501 environmental sciences, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Roman, Lead (geology), Mining engineering, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, Geochemistry and Petrology, Environmental Chemistry, Bog, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, media_common, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, Ecologie, Environnement, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Geoarchaeology, Géochimie, 15. Life on land, Roman pollution, Lead isotopes, Road, Geochemistry, 13. Climate action, Isotope geochemistry, Smelting, Dating, Geology
Abstract

International audience; The ability of inorganic geochemistry to record environmental change and especially human impact has been evidenced by several studies across Europe, especially in peat, where it is possible to record the impact of agriculture, mining and other industries. However, despite the numerous investigations on the impact of ancient human activities such as ore mining and smelting, little attention has been paid to geochemistry as a tool to solve problems of palaeopollution in the surroundings of archaeological sites. This paper presents geochemical evidence of the impact of a possible early Roman road built in SE Belgian peatland. Increased Zn and Pb concentrations suggest that Pb-Zn ores were transported on the road. Lead isotope analyses suggest that these ores are locally derived, being compatible with those found in the nearby Pb-Zn ore deposits from East Belgium. Present results provide direct evidence that East Belgian Pb-Zn ores were already being mined during Roman times, i.e. earlier than previously suspected (i.e. 14th century) and that Zn appears to be relatively immobile here. On a broader scale, it also demonstrates that such an early road already had an impact on the environment in terms of metal pollution. This paper enlarges on the range of possibilities offered by geochemistry in the field of geoarchaeology.

Published
2008

36. Impact of feeding by Arenicola marina (L.) and ageing of faecal material on fatty acid distribution and bacterial community structure in marine sediments: An experimental approach

Author

Sarah Caradec, Vincent Grossi, Richard D. Pancost, David Nerini, Franck Gilbert, Philippe Cuny, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), University of Bristol (UNITED KINGDOM), Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille II (FRANCE), PaleoEnvironnements et PaleobioSphere (PEPS), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de MicrobiologiE de Géochimie et d'Ecologie Marines (LMGEM), Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Organic Geochemistry Unit - OGU (Bristol, United Kingdom), University of Bristol [Bristol], Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Aquatic Science, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Microbiology, Océan, Atmosphère, PUFA-producing bacteria, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, Feeding activity, 14. Life underwater, Food science, Arenicola marina, Fatty acids, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Incubation, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Feces, Hydrologie, Trophic level, chemistry.chemical_classification, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Fatty acid, biology.organism_classification, Superficial sediments, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, chemistry, Microbial population biology, RISA, Arenicola, Bacterial community structure, [SDU.OTHER]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Other, Bacteria, Polyunsaturated fatty acid
Abstract

International audience; The fate of ingested eukaryotic photoautotrophic fatty acids during gut transit in the lugwormArenicolamarina (L.) and the influence of A. marina's faeces on the evolution of fatty acid distribution and bacterial community structure in superficial sediments were studied under laboratory conditions. Dead phytoplanktonic cells (food portions) were fed to individual A. marina and subsequently incubated, or allowed to directly incubate in the presence of fresh egesta or non-ingested sediment. Changes in fatty acid composition and genetic structure of bacterial communities during gut transit and/or incubation were monitored using gas-chromatography/mass-spectrometry and a DNA fingerprint approach (RISA), respectively. Results, supported by principal component analyses, suggest that A. marina's feeding activity can directly and indirectly affect the lipid biomarker composition and the bacterial community structure of inhabited sediments. Faecal casts produced fromfood portions appeared qualitatively enriched in saturated fatty acids relative to (poly)unsaturated ones due, partly, to an increase of some bacterial fatty acids and to the preferential removal of some polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). The incubation of food portions in the presence of fresh A. marina's egesta (designed to study the indirect impact of feeding by A. marina) induced a significant increase in the concentrations of C20 and C22 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), whereas these compounds almost disappeared following direct feeding and subsequent incubation, indicating that some dietary fatty acidsmay be more accessible to biodegradation following passage through the gut of A. marina. The aforementioned increase in PUFAs was attributed to a bacterial production during incubation, suggesting the presence of PUFA-producing bacteria in the fresh egesta of A. marina. Those bacteria were either enteric bacteria thatwere releasedwith the egesta or ingested bacteria that have survived gut passage, as suggested by the variations of the bacterial community structure (i.e. RISA profiles) during incubation. The results suggest that aged faeces from A. marina might be, in some circumstances, of relatively high nutritional value to trophic levels which are unable to synthesize essential PUFAs de novo. The presence of PUFA-producing bacteria in guts of marine lugworms deserves further attention.

Published
2006

37. Diversity of Heteroptera in agroecosystems: role of sustainability and bioindication

Author

Guy Fauvel, ProdInra, Migration, Écologie Animale et Zoologie Agricole (EAZA), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)

Subjects
[SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, Biomass (ecology), CONDITION CLIMATIQUE, Ecology, biology, Fauna, Heteroptera, Biodiversity, biology.organism_classification, Anthocoridae, Miridae, INSECTE, [SDV.EE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, Habitat, Animal Science and Zoology, Orchard, Agronomy and Crop Science
Abstract

Heteroptera represent an important part of the global insect fauna in many crops, more on the basis of their numbers than biomass. From 50 to 100 species have been recorded in the most exhaustive censuses of fruit trees or low growing crops, about half of which are really important. Most Heteroptera are small in size and exhibit all food regimes from strict phytophagy to zoophagy. They are rarely host-specific but often show clear preferences for definite strata. The Miridae are usually the main family in undisturbed fauna of fruit trees and cereals, and are rather diverse in these habitats. Mirinae are particularly numerous and diverse on graminous plants but most species complexes are identical on various low-growing plants. Although maize and sunflowers do not appear to be favoured by Heteroptera, they may become attractive while in bloom. Fruit trees, especially apple, show a rich complex of species in which Deraeocorinae and Orthotylinae are well represented. Miridae are very susceptible to chemical sprays and are more easily eliminated from orchards than Anthocoridae. The influence of the environment on the recolonization of cultivated plots by these families has been shown for fruit trees (apple and pear) and some low growing crops (potatoes). Their sensitivity to ecological factors and to the secondary effects of phytosanitary sprays are features that make Heteroptera, especially Miridae, potentially good indicators of ecological change.

Published
1999

38. The in vitro influence of the burrowing polychaete Nereis diversicolor on the fate of petroleum hydrocarbons in marine sediments

Author

J.C. Bertrand, Lucien Rivet, Franck Gilbert, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille II (FRANCE), Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille III (FRANCE), Centre d'océanologie de Marseille (COM), Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique de l'Environnement, and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Environmental Engineering, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, Océanographie, Nereis diversicolor, chemistry.chemical_compound, Marine sediments, Environmental Chemistry, 14. Life underwater, Water pollution, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, chemistry.chemical_classification, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, Ecologie, Environnement, Polychaete, Light crude oil, biology, Ecology, [CHIM.ORGA]Chemical Sciences/Organic chemistry, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Sediment, General Medicine, General Chemistry, Biodegradation, In vitro experiment, biology.organism_classification, Pollution, Chimie organique, Hydrocarbon, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Environmental chemistry, Petroleum, Bioturbation, Petroleum hydrocarbons, Burrowing polychaete
Abstract

International audience; The in vitro fate of the saturated hydrocarbon fraction (SF) of Arabian Light crude oil has been studied in PVC cores filled with a coastal marine sediment defaunated by sieving. Experiments were conducted in absence or presence of polychaetes Nereis diversicolor. The luminophore tracer technique was used to quantify the mixing of sediment by worms. Presence of crude oil reduced the building of burrows by polychaetes. This work demonstrates the ability of infaunal organisms to stimulate both downard and outward transfers of hydrocarbons from sediment reservoirs. In non-bioturbated sediment hydrocarbons were confined to the sediment surface. Introduction of polychaetes in sediment (1) induced the burying of SF in sediment (2.5 % and 13.5 % of the initial surface input after 15 and 45 days, respectively); (2) enhanced the exportation of SF in the overlying water (plus 59 % and 23.5 % compared to defaunated control sediment after 15 and 45 days, respectively). Buried hydrocarbons were submitted to biodegradation, from 2 cm to 10 cm depth in polychaete burrows, after 45 days.

Published
1994

39. The Development of Soil Porosity in Experimental Sandy Soils with Clay Admixtures as Examined by Quantimet 720 from Besi and by Other Techniques

Author

E.B.A. Bisdom, J. Chretien, ProdInra, Migration, Unité d'agronomie, and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)

Subjects
[SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, Thin section, Soil porosity, 0207 environmental engineering, Soil Science, Mineralogy, Soil science, 02 engineering and technology, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Backscattered electron, 010501 environmental sciences, Soil type, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, [SDV.EE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, Optical microscope, law, Soil water, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, 020701 environmental engineering, Porosity, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

For this study thin sections have been prepared of natural and artificial sands mixed with 20% and 40% clay. These and other samples had already been examined using soil physical and soil mineralogical methods for loose samples. Initial thin section studies, with the help of the light microscope alone, have been enlarged upon in this investigation using backscattered electron scanning images and an image analyzer (Quantimet 720). This allowed quantitative information to be obtained on the development of different types of soil porosity patterns using various clay admixtures. Information was also obtained on the influence the form of mineral grains had on the shape of pores in the mixtures of sand and clay. It was also possible to obtain quantitative information on the amount of clays and larger mineral grains in the thin sections. Much of the present data cannot be obtained automatically but must be manually controlled by using the image editor of the Quantimet. This type of work, however, may provide basic data which can subsequently be used to help explain various processes which occur in soils.

Published
1983

40. Structural variation of forest edges across Europe

Author

Anna Orczewska, Quentin Ponette, Kurt Bollmann, Jörg Brunet, Jonathan Lenoir, Matteo Tolosano, Hans Verbeeck, Sara A. O. Cousins, Bente J. Graae, Thomas Vanneste, Martin Diekmann, Camille Meeussen, Fabien Spicher, Giovanni Iacopetti, Sruthi M. Krishna Moorthy, Kim Calders, Kris Verheyen, Pieter Vangansbeke, Pieter De Frenne, Per-Ola Hedwall, Sigrid Lindmo, Jan Plue, Sanne Govaert, Federico Selvi, Ecologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés - UMR CNRS 7058 (EDYSAN), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV), and UCL - SST/ELI/ELIE - Environmental Sciences

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Canopy, DYNAMICS, gradients, Monitoring, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Microclimate, Biodiversity, DIVERSITY, GRADIENTS, Land cover, [SDV.BID]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Latitude, diversity, fragmentation, MICROCLIMATE, HETEROGENEITY, vegetation structure, Transect, climate, Nature and Landscape Conservation, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, Forest inventory, Policy and Law, Temperate forest, Diversity, Europe, Edge, Forests Structure, Forestry, dynamics, 15. Life on land, Management, CLIMATE, LIGHT, TEMPERATE FOREST, VEGETATION STRUCTURE, Earth and Environmental Sciences, temperate forest, Environmental science, Physical geography, FRAGMENTATION, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, heterogeneity, light, microclimate, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

International audience; Forest edges are interfaces between forest interiors and adjacent land cover types. They are important elements in the landscape with almost 20% of the global forest area located within 100 m of the edge. Edges are structurally different from forest interiors, which results in unique edge influences on microclimate, functioning and biodiversity. These edge influences have been studied for multiple decades, yet there is only limited information available on how forest edge structure varies at the continental scale, and which factors drive this potential structural diversity. Here we quantified the structural variation along 45 edge-to-interior transects situated along latitudinal, elevational and management gradients across Europe. We combined state-of-the-art terrestrial laser scanning and conventional forest inventory techniques to investigate how the forest edge structure (e.g. plant area index, stem density, canopy height and foliage height diversity) varies and which factors affect this forest edge structural variability. Macroclimate, management, distance to the forest edge and tree community composition all influenced the forest edge structural variability and interestingly we detected interactive effects of our predictors as well. We found more abrupt edge-to-interior gradients (i.e. steeper slopes) in the plant area index in regularly thinned forests. In addition, latitude, mean annual temperature and humidity all affected edge-to-interior gradients in stem density. We also detected a simultaneous impact of both humidity and management, and humidity and distance to the forest edge, on the canopy height and foliage height diversity. These results contribute to our understanding of how environmental conditions and management shape the forest edge structure. Our findings stress the need for site-specific recommendations on forest edge management instead of generalized recommendations as the macroclimate substantially influences the forest edge structure. Only then, the forest edge microclimate, functioning and biodiversity can be conserved at a local scale.

Catalog

Books, media, physical & digital resources
See catalog results