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1. Perioperative considerations in the paediatric patient with congenital and acquired coagulopathy

Author

Gabor Erdoes, Susan M. Goobie, Thorsten Haas, Andreas Koster, Jerrold H. Levy, and Marie E. Steiner

Subjects
bleeding, bleeding disorders, haemostasis, surgery, tranexamic acid, transfusion, Anesthesiology, RD78.3-87.3
Abstract

Neonates, infants, and children undergoing major surgery or with trauma can develop severe coagulopathy perioperatively. Neonates and infants are at highest risk because their haemostatic system is not fully developed and underlying inherited bleeding disorders may not have been diagnosed before surgery. Historically, laboratory coagulation measurements have been used to diagnose and monitor coagulopathies. Contemporary dynamic monitoring strategies are evolving. Viscoelastic testing is increasingly being used to monitor coagulopathy, particularly in procedures with a high risk of bleeding. However, there is a lack of valid age-specific reference values for diagnosis and trigger or target values for appropriate therapeutic management. A promising screening tool of primary haemostasis that may be used to diagnose quantitative and qualitative platelet abnormalities is the in vitro closure time by platelet function analyser. Targeted individualised treatment strategies for haemostatic bleeding arising from inherited or acquired bleeding disorders may include measures such as tranexamic acid, administration of plasma, derived or recombinant factors such as fibrinogen concentrate, or allogeneic blood component transfusions (plasma, platelets, or cryoprecipitate).Herein we review current recommended perioperative guidelines, monitoring strategies, and treatment modalities for the paediatric patient with a coagulopathy. In the absence of data from adequately powered prospective studies, it is recommended that expert consensus be considered until additional research and validation of goal-directed perioperative bleeding management in paediatric patients is available.

Published
2024
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2. Outcomes following resection of a total shoulder prosthesis after a mean follow-up of 10 years: A case series

Author

Akshar V. Patel, Benjamin D. Gross, Kenneth H. Levy, Bradford O. Parsons, Evan L. Flatow, and Paul J. Cagle

Subjects
Infection, Prosthesis, Irrigation, Arthroplasty, Debridement, Orthopedic surgery, RD701-811
Abstract

Background: Resection arthroplasty is an option for patients with multiple previous failed arthroplasties due to periprosthetic joint infection. Case details: We report on 3 patients (4 shoulders) who were resected and followed for a decade on average. These patients had postoperative ASES scores in alignment with their preoperative baseline and a mean forward elevation of 155°. All patients reported being satisfied with their shoulder function at final follow-up. Conclusion: Resection arthroplasty is an option for patients with risk factors for failed shoulder arthroplasty. While outcomes are moderate, they can be satisfactory if patients are counseled beforehand about realistic expectations.

Published
2024
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3. Cenozoic history of Antarctic glaciation and climate from onshore and offshore studies

Author

M. McKay, Robert, primary, Escutia, Carlota, additional, De Santis, Laura, additional, Donda, Federica, additional, Duncan, Bella, additional, Gohl, Karsten, additional, Gulick, Sean, additional, Hernández-Molina, Javier, additional, Hillenbrand, Claus-Dieter, additional, Hochmuth, Katharina, additional, Kim, Sookwan, additional, Kuhn, Gerhard, additional, Larter, Robert, additional, Leitchenkov, German, additional, H. Levy, Richard, additional, R. Naish, Tim, additional, O’Brien, Phil, additional, F. Pérez, Lara, additional, E. Shevenell, Amelia, additional, and Williams, Trevor, additional

Published
2022
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4. Management of oral anticoagulants prior to emergency surgery or with major bleeding: A survey of perioperative practices in North America: Communication from the Scientific and Standardization Committees on Perioperative and Critical Care Haemostasis and Thrombosis of the International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis

Author

Jerrold H. Levy, Jean M. Connors, Marie E. Steiner, James Douketis, and Alex C. Spyropoulos

Subjects
anticoagulants, antidotes, apixaban, bleeding, dabigatran, fresh frozen plasma, Diseases of the blood and blood-forming organs, RC633-647.5
Abstract

Abstract Background There is limited information on real‐world practice versus current clinical practice guidelines for oral anticoagulant reversal before emergency surgery. Objective To identify current practice/knowledge gaps for oral anticoagulant reversal emergency surgery among anesthesiologists. Methods A 22‐question survey covering aspects of clinical practice relating to oral anticoagulant reversal was sent to American Society of Anesthesiology members with weekly reminders during data collection from October to December 2018. Results Responses were received from 2315 anesthesiologists of which 86% of respondents were United States based. Emergency surgery was defined as occurring within 4 hours of the decision to operate by 60% of respondents. Fresh frozen plasma (FFP) was used by 75% of respondents for vitamin K antagonist (VKA) reversal and by 54% for direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC) reversal in emergency surgery and 67% in major operative bleeding. Only 32% of institutions had emergency anticoagulant reversal protocols, and 54% of respondents selected an international normalized ration (INR) ratio goal for VKA reversal of ≤1.5. Only 13% initially consulted or coordinated management with hematologists, and the final decision regarding coagulation management was made by the respondent in 26% of cases. A coordinated approach with hematologists and cardiologists was reported by 64%, and over half (51%) required approval for prothrombin complex concentrate administration for emergency procedures. Conclusions Despite recommendations to the contrary, FFP is extensively used for emergency VKA and DOAC reversal. There is a clear need for institutions to develop guideline‐informed recommendations/management algorithms based on input from medical professionals routinely involved in management of these patients.

Published
2020
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5. Heatstroke-induced coagulopathy: Biomarkers, mechanistic insights, and patient management

Author

Toshiaki Iba, Jean Marie Connors, Marcel Levi, and Jerrold H. Levy

Subjects
Heatstroke, Inflammation, Coagulation, Endothelial cell, Cell death, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract

Summary: Heatstroke is increasingly becoming a significant concern due to global warming. Systemic inflammation and coagulopathy are the two major factors that provoke life-threatening organ dysfunction in heatstroke. Dysregulated thermo-control induces cellular injury, damage-associated molecular patterns release, hyperinflammation, and hypercoagulation with suppressed fibrinolysis to produce heatstroke-induced coagulopathy (HSIC). HSIC can progress to disseminated intravascular coagulation and multiorgan failure if severe enough. Platelet count, D-dimer, soluble thrombomodulin, and inflammation biomarkers such as interleukin-6 and histone H3 are promising markers for HSIC. In exertional heatstroke, the measurement of myoglobin is helpful to anticipate renal dysfunction. However, the optimal cutoff for each biomarker has not been determined. Except for initial cooling and hydration, effective therapy continues to be explored, and the use of antiinflammatory and anticoagulant therapies is under investigation. Despite the rapidly increasing risk, our knowledge is limited, and further study is warranted. In this review, we examine current information and what future efforts are needed to better understand and manage HSIC.

Published
2022
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6. List of contributors

Author

Bentley, Michael J., primary, Bijl, Peter, additional, Bostock-Lyman, Helen, additional, Bowen, Melissa, additional, Brinkuis, Henk, additional, Carter, Lionel, additional, Chorley, Hannah K., additional, Colleoni, Florence, additional, De Santis, Laura, additional, DeConto, Robert M., additional, Dickinson, Warren, additional, Dolan, Aisling M., additional, Donda, Federica, additional, Duncan, Bella, additional, Escutia, Carlota, additional, Flierdt, Tina van de, additional, Florindo, Fabio, additional, Francis, Jane, additional, Galeotti, Simone, additional, Gasson, Edward G.W., additional, Ghezzo, Claudio, additional, Gohl, Karsten, additional, Golledge, Nicholas R., additional, Gore, Damian B., additional, Grant, Georgia R., additional, Gulick, Sean, additional, H. Levy, Richard, additional, Halberstadt, Anna Ruth W., additional, Harwood, David M., additional, Hein, Andrew S., additional, Hernández-Molina, Javier, additional, Hillenbrand, Claus-Dieter, additional, Hochmuth, Katharina, additional, Hutchinson, David, additional, Jamieson, Stewart, additional, Kennedy-Asser, Alan, additional, Kim, Sookwan, additional, Kleinschmidt, Georg, additional, Kowalewski, Douglas E., additional, Kuhn, Gerhard, additional, Lanci, Luca, additional, Larter, Robert, additional, Leitchenkov, German, additional, Levy, Richard H., additional, Lewis, Adam R., additional, McKay, Robert M., additional, Meloni, Antonio, additional, Meyers, Stephen R., additional, R. Naish, Tim, additional, Ohneiser, Christian, additional, O’Brien, Phil, additional, Patterson, Molly O., additional, Pérez, Lara F., additional, Powell, Ross, additional, Sangiorgi, Francesca, additional, Santis, Laura De, additional, Sauermilch, Isabel, additional, Shevenell, Amelia E., additional, Siegert, Martin, additional, Sluijs, Appy, additional, Stocchi, Paolo, additional, Talarico, Franco, additional, Uenzelmann-Neben, Gabriele, additional, van de Flierdt, Tina, additional, Verret, Marjolaine, additional, White, Duanne A., additional, Williams, Trevor, additional, Wilson, David J., additional, and Wilson, Gary, additional

Published
2021
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8. Peritoneal tuberculosis: A case report on a rare cause of tumor marker elevation

Author

Dilek Sen, Joshua Brunton, Landon Melchior, David Klein, Gillian H. Levy, Booth Wainscoat, and Linus Chuang

Subjects
Tuberculosis, Gynecology, Tumor markers, Peritoneal, Surgery, RD1-811, Gynecology and obstetrics, RG1-991
Abstract

Peritoneal tuberculosis (TB) is a rare extrapulmonary manifestation of TB with non-specific clinical characteristics which can produce test results mimicking malignancy and granulomatous peritonitis. This case describes a Filipino 59-year-old, nulliparous woman who was admitted with abdominal pain, ascites, and an elevated CA-125 level. Radiographically, peritoneal nodules were visualized and initial suspicion was high for malignancy. Following a bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy and peritoneal biopsy, histology was negative for malignancy but revealed non-caseating granulomas. She was discharged then readmitted with progressive abdominal pain, and a repeat laparoscopic biopsy yielded specimens with growth of acid-fast bacilli (AFB). A delay in diagnosis and treatment of tuberculous peritonitis increases mortality rates, making early diagnosis with laparoscopic biopsy of paramount importance in prompt diagnosis and initiation of therapy. This patient was initiated on standard anti-TB therapy and experienced no complications.

Published
2020
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10. Early to middle Miocene ice sheet dynamics in the westernmost Ross Sea (Antarctica): Regional correlations

Author

Lara F. Pérez, Robert M. McKay, Laura De Santis, Robert D. Larter, Richard H. Levy, Timothy R. Naish, John B. Anderson, Philip J. Bart, Martina Busetti, Gavin Dunbar, Chiara Sauli, Christopher C. Sorlien, and Marvin Speece

Subjects
Global and Planetary Change, Oceanography
Abstract

The present-day morpho-stratigraphy of the Ross Sea is the result of Cenozoic tectonic and cryospheric events, and constitutes a key record of Antarctica's cryospheric evolution. An enduring problem in interpreting this record in a broader regional context is that the correlation between eastern and western Ross Sea stratigraphy has remained uncertain due to the limited number of drill sites. We correlate the glacial-related features observed on a dense network of seismic reflection profiles in McMurdo Sound with those identified in the Nordenskjöld and Drygalski Basins, as well as the basins farther east in the central Ross Sea. We present an improved correlation of the regional patterns of early to middle Miocene ice-sheet variance across the Ross Sea constrained by new evaluation of seismic facies and age models from one site recovered by the Antarctic Drilling Project (ANDRILL) in the southwestern most part of McMurdo Sound. We also integrate this correlation with the recently published seismic framework in the central Ross Sea. The formation of U-shaped valleys during the early Miocene in McMurdo Sound, together with prograding sedimentary wedges in the western-most basins, and the central Ross Sea, suggest two major phases of overall advance of a marine-terminating ice sheet between ~18 Ma and ~ 17.4 Ma. Widespread formation of turbiditic channel-levee systems in McMurdo Sound and rapid sediment deposition in Nordernskjöld Basin point to subsequent ice-sheet retreat between ~17.4 Ma and ~ 15.8 Ma, coinciding with the onset of the Miocene Climate Optimum (MCO; ~17–14.5 Ma). However, the carving of troughs and formation of irregular morphologic features suggest that an extensive ice sheet still remained along the western Ross margin at ~17.4 Ma and a brief episode of ice-sheet advance occurred at ~16.8 Ma in the earliest interval of the MCO. Subsequent marine-based ice sheet advance during the Middle Miocene Climate Transition (MMCT, ~14.0–13.8 Ma) is indicated by widespread erosional features. Our results reconcile the semi-continouous seismic and drill core stratigraphy of the offshore Ross Sea continental shelf with inferences of ice sheet dynamics from continuous far-field deep sea and sea level records, as well as the highly discontinous (and heavily debated) onshore records of pre-MMCT glaciation and aridification of the Transantarctic Mountains at 14 Ma.

Published
2022

11. Antarctic environmental change and ice sheet evolution through the Miocene to Pliocene – a perspective from the Ross Sea and George V to Wilkes Land Coasts

Author

A. R. Lewis, H. Chorley, Ross D. Powell, Fabio Florindo, Francesca Sangiorgi, Richard H. Levy, Christian Ohneiser, Trevor Williams, Laura De Santis, Molly O. Patterson, Tina van de Flierdt, Warren W. Dickinson, Nicholas R. Golledge, Carlota Escutia, Lara F. Pérez, Anna Ruth W. Halberstadt, David M. Harwood, Tim R Naish, Robert M. McKay, Edward Gasson, Aisling M. Dolan, Georgia R. Grant, Amelia E. Shevenell, Stephen R. Meyers, D. E. Kowalewski, and Marjolaine Verret

Subjects
geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Environmental change, δ18O, Continental shelf, Holocene climatic optimum, Late Miocene, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Neogene, 01 natural sciences, Paleontology, 13. Climate action, Sea ice, 14. Life underwater, Ice sheet, Geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

The Miocene to Pliocene (Neogene) occurred between 23.04 and 2.58 million years ago and includes intervals of peak global warmth where Earth’s average surface temperature was up to 8℃ warmer than present. Major cooling steps also occurred, across which Antarctica’s ice sheets advanced to the continental shelf for the first time and sea ice expanded across the Southern Ocean. Knowledge of Antarctic environmental change and ice sheet variability through this dynamic period in Earth history has advanced over the past 15 years. Major field and ship-based efforts to obtain new geological information have been completed and significant advances in numerical modelling approaches have occurred. Integration of ice proximal data and coupled climate-ice sheet model outputs with high-resolution reconstructions of ice volume and temperature variability from deep sea δ18O records now offer detailed insight into thresholds and tipping points in Earth’s climate system. Here we review paleoenvironmental data through key episodes in the evolution of Neogene climate to include the Miocene Climatic Optimum (MCO), Middle Miocene Climate Transition (MMCT), Tortonian Thermal Maximum (TTM), Late Miocene Cooling (LMC), and Pliocene Warm Period (PWP). This review shows that Antarctica’s climate and ice sheets remained dynamic throughout the Neogene. Given the analogous nature of warm episodes in the Miocene and Pliocene to future projections, the environmental reconstructions presented in this chapter offer a stark warning about the potential future of the AIS if warming continues at its current rate. If average global surface warming above pre-industrial values exceeds 2℃, a threshold will be crossed and AIS instabilities would likely be irreversible on multi-century timescales.

Published
2022

12. Antarctic Ice Sheet dynamics during the Late Oligocene and Early Miocene: climatic conundrums revisited

Author

Robert M. DeConto, Florence Colleoni, Laura De Santis, Edward Gasson, Robert M. McKay, Bella Duncan, Tim R Naish, Richard H. Levy, Gary S. Wilson, and Carlota Escutia

Subjects
Paleontology, geography, Carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere, geography.geographical_feature_category, Orbital forcing, Deglaciation, Antarctic ice sheet, Glacial period, Ice sheet, Global cooling, Cenozoic, Geology
Abstract

The Oligocene-Miocene transition (OMT) is one of the most enigmatic periods (~23.3–22.9 Ma) in Earth’s Cenozoic climate history. It is characterised in deep-sea benthic foraminiferal (δ18O) records by an increase of up to +1‰ spanning a 200–300 kyr interval associated with global cooling and growth in Antarctic ice volume to as much as 120% of present day (Mi-1 glaciation). The Mi-1 glaciation was then terminated by a −1.2‰, δ18O decrease that occurred in less than 100 kyrs, implying rapid Northern Hemisphere-style ice retreat, and potentially continental-scale deglaciation of Antarctica. Antarctic margin ocean drill core records and seismic reflection profiles display evidence of ice-proximal glacimarine deposition or glacimarine erosion, and imply continent-wide advance of the ice sheet terminus into the marine realm during the Mi-1 glaciation. This major transient glaciation occurred within a ~400 kyr-duration eccentricity cycle and appears to be coupled with an orbitally-paced perturbation of the carbon cycle. Atmospheric CO2 reconstructed from geological proxy records imply a long-term decrease during the Oligocene from about 500 to less than 300 ppm. Atmospheric CO2 declining below a threshold (~400 ppm), together with an extreme cold orbital configuration, enabled widespread seasonal sea-ice formation and the development of extensive marine-based ice margins around Antarctica. Atmospheric CO2 concentration appears to rebound rapidly following the Mi-1 glaciation, with some proxy estimates as high as 1000 ppm by the earliest Miocene. The OMT challenges our current understanding of orbitally-paced, ocean-atmosphere carbon exchange and associated feedbacks in the climate system. Prior to the OMT, between ~27 and 24 Ma, a trend towards lower δ18O values suggested an extensive period of global warmth, polar ice volume decrease and global sea-level rise. This is in contrast with widespread evidence from Ross Sea drill cores that show cooling of near surface ocean and land temperatures, and glacial advance calving ice bergs at the coastline. However, on the Wilkes Land margin cooling begins later, after ~25 Ma. Here, we summarise new evidence of the relative influences of tectonics, atmospheric carbon dioxide, ocean dynamics and orbital forcing on the evolution of the Antarctic Ice Sheet (AIS) during the Late Oligocene and across the OMT. We revisit the longstanding conundrums and provide some insights for the future (in)stability of the Antarctic Ice Sheet.

Published
2022

13. Cenozoic history of Antarctic glaciation and climate from onshore and offshore studies

Author

Richard H. Levy, Claus-Dieter Hillenbrand, Laura De Santis, Katharina Hochmuth, Robert D Larter, Amelia E. Shevenell, F. J. Hernández-Molina, Lara F. Pérez, Philip E O'Brien, Carlota Escutia, S. Kim, German Leitchenkov, Federica Donda, Karsten Gohl, Gerhard Kuhn, Bella Duncan, Robert M. McKay, Tim R Naish, Trevor Williams, and Sean P. S. Gulick

Subjects
Ice-sheet dynamics, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Continental shelf, Ocean current, Antarctic ice sheet, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Oceanography, 13. Climate action, Paleoclimatology, 14. Life underwater, Glacial period, Offshore drilling, Cenozoic, Geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

The past three decades have seen a sustained and coordinated effort to refine the seismic stratigraphic framework of the Antarctic margin that has underpinned the development of numerous geological drilling expeditions from the continental shelf and beyond. Integration of these offshore drilling datasets covering the Cenozoic era with Antarctic inland datasets, provides important constraints that allow us to understand the role of Antarctic tectonics, the Southern Ocean biosphere, and Cenozoic ice sheet dynamics and ice sheet–ocean interactions on global climate as a whole. These constraints are critical for improving the accuracy and precision of future projections of Antarctic ice sheet behaviour and changes in Southern Ocean circulation. Many of the recent advances in this field can be attributed to the community-driven approach of the Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR) Past Antarctic Ice Sheet Dynamics (PAIS) research programme and its two key subcommittees: Paleoclimate Records from the Antarctic Margin and Southern Ocean (PRAMSO) and Palaeotopographic-Palaeobathymetric Reconstructions. Since 2012, these two PAIS subcommittees provided the forum to initiate, promote, coordinate and study scientific research drilling around the Antarctic margin and the Southern Ocean. Here we review the seismic stratigraphic margin architecture, climatic and glacial history of the Antarctic continent following the break-up of Gondwanaland in the Cretaceous, with a focus on records obtained since the implementation of PRAMSO. We also provide a forward-looking approach for future drilling proposals in frontier locations critically relevant for assessing future Antarctic ice sheet, climatic and oceanic change.

Published
2022

14. Children of prisoners: a growing public health problem

Author

Simon Quilty, Michael H. Levy, Kirsten Howard, Alex Barratt, and Tony Butler

Subjects
Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract

Abstract Objectives:To estimate the number and proportion of children in New South Wales affected by parental incarceration, and to describe the health impact of punitive incarceration on the children of prisoners. Methods:In 2001, NSW Corrections Health Service conducted a cross‐sectional survey of prison inmates randomly selected from each of the 29 prisons in NSW, representing 11% of male and 30% of female inmates in the State. The survey included questions regarding parental status and number of children. A population model was developed, which incorporated increases in the prison population and recidivism, to estimate the number of children under 16 years of age in NSW ever having experienced parental incarceration. Results:In 2001, there were approximately 14,500 children under the age of 16 years in NSW who experienced parental incarceration during the year. It is estimated that in 2001 there were 60,000 children under 16 years in NSW who had ever experienced parental incarceration in their lifetime, representing 4.3% of all children and 20.1% of Indigenous children. Conclusions:The number of children who have experienced parental incarceration is significant in NSW and across Australia. Indigenous children are much more likely to experience parental incarceration than non‐Indigenous children. Implications:Children of prisoners are at high risk of negative health outcomes and are themselves at an increased risk of offending later in life. The needs of these children must be recognised and policies introduced to reduce the adversities they face. The social, politico‐legal and economic conditions that are contributing to the continuing rise in incarceration rates must be recognised, and measures must be taken to reduce this trend.

Published
2004
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15. List of contributors

Author

Michael J. Bentley, Peter Bijl, Helen Bostock-Lyman, Melissa Bowen, Henk Brinkuis, Lionel Carter, Hannah K. Chorley, Florence Colleoni, Laura De Santis, Robert M. DeConto, Warren Dickinson, Aisling M. Dolan, Federica Donda, Bella Duncan, Carlota Escutia, Tina van de Flierdt, Fabio Florindo, Jane Francis, Simone Galeotti, Edward G.W. Gasson, Claudio Ghezzo, Karsten Gohl, Nicholas R. Golledge, Damian B. Gore, Georgia R. Grant, Sean Gulick, Richard H. Levy, Anna Ruth W. Halberstadt, David M. Harwood, Andrew S. Hein, Javier Hernández-Molina, Claus-Dieter Hillenbrand, Katharina Hochmuth, David Hutchinson, Stewart Jamieson, Alan Kennedy-Asser, Sookwan Kim, Georg Kleinschmidt, Douglas E. Kowalewski, Gerhard Kuhn, Luca Lanci, Robert Larter, German Leitchenkov, Adam R. Lewis, Robert M. McKay, Antonio Meloni, Stephen R. Meyers, Tim R. Naish, Christian Ohneiser, Phil O’Brien, Molly O. Patterson, Lara F. Pérez, Ross Powell, Francesca Sangiorgi, Isabel Sauermilch, Amelia E. Shevenell, Martin Siegert, Appy Sluijs, Paolo Stocchi, Franco Talarico, Gabriele Uenzelmann-Neben, Marjolaine Verret, Duanne A. White, Trevor Williams, David J. Wilson, and Gary Wilson

Published
2021

16. Contributors

Author

Geoffrey W. Abbott, Martin S. Angst, Sherif I. Assaad, Ani Bagdasarjana, Travis Bailey, Renee Bassaly, Jonathan Bilmen, Edward A. Bittner, Daniel Bolliger, Michelle Braunfeld, Shane E. Brogan, Kyle Burke, Michael Cahalan, June M. Chan, Ben Chortkoff, George J. Crystal, Jennifer A. DeCou, Rebecca Desso, John C. Drummond, Thomas J. Ebert, Talmage D. Egan, Matthias Eikermann, Charles W. Emala, Katherine T. Forkin, Tong J. Gan, Paul S. García, Peter Gerner, Jacqueline A. Hannam, Paul M. Heerdt, Hugh C. Hemmings, Karl F. Herold, Soeren Hoehne, Harriet W. Hopf, Philip M. Hopkins, Elizabeth Horncastle, Andrew E. Hudson, Julie L. Huffmyer, Natalia S. Ivascu, Robert H. Jenkinson, Ken B. Johnson, Joel O. Johnson, Abhinav Kant, Mark T. Keegan, Patrick Kolbay, Kai Kuck, Shreyajit R. Kumar, James P. Lee, Brian P. Lemkuil, Roberto Levi, Jerrold H. Levy, Cynthia A. Lien, Philipp Lirk, Andrew B. Lumb, Srinand Mandyam, Robert G. Martindale, J.A. Jeevendra Martyn, Joseph S. Meltzer, Edward C. Nemergut, Christine T. Nguyen-Buckley, Jennifer Nguyen-Lee, Shinju Obara, Daniel W. Odell, Takahiro Ogura, Shannon M. Page, Hahnnah Park, Piyush M. Patel, Misha Perouansky, Nicholas Pierson, Alex Proekt, Kane O. Pryor, Daniel Pulsipher, Aeyal Raz, Paul M. Riegelhaupt, Peter Rodhe, Derek K. Rogalsky, Mark D. Rollins, David Royston, Elizabeth Ryals, John W. Sear, Peter S. Sebel, Timothy G. Short, Jill E. Sindt, John Skaggs, Roman M. Sniecinski, Randolph H. Steadman, David Stenehjem, Sarah E. Stilwill, Kingsley P. Storer, Bradley Stringer, Suzuko Suzuki, Christer Svensen, Jeffrey D. Swenson, Christopher W. Tam, Kenichi A. Tanaka, Elizabeth Thackeray, Ian Welsby, Matthew K. Whalin, Eric S. Zabirowicz, Khaled J. Zaza, and Josh Zimmerman

Published
2019

17. Blood and Coagulation

Author

Linda J. Demma, Roman M. Sniecinski, and Jerrold H. Levy

Subjects
Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.drug_class, business.industry, Anticoagulant, Perioperative, medicine.disease, Cardiac surgery, law.invention, Tissue factor, Coagulation, law, Hemostasis, Internal medicine, medicine, Coagulopathy, Cardiology, Cardiopulmonary bypass, Coagulation (water treatment), business
Abstract

Hemostasis is a critical homeostatic mechanism of survival that involves vascular, cellular, and plasma components that interact to stop bleeding. Vascular effects include vasoconstriction, expression of procoagulant factors such as tissue factor, and loss of normal anticoagulant functions of the endothelium. Coagulation and clot formation occur by cellular and humoral factors that interact together with local and systemic factors. Surgery produces complex alterations and defects in hemostatic mechanisms, particularly in trauma, cardiac surgery with or without cardiopulmonary bypass, major orthopedic surgery, and neurosurgery. In many patients, multiple quantitative and qualitative hemostatic abnormalities develop as part of surgery, tissue injury, and complex underlying medical conditions. Additionally, the increasing use of multiple anticoagulation agents to treat cardiovascular disease contributes to preexisting perioperative hemostatic defects and increases the potential for bleeding. Furthermore, massive bleeding can produce an acquired hemostatic defect called massive transfusion coagulopathy that is characterized by tissue injury, dilutional hemostatic changes, hypothermia, acidosis, and multiorgan dysfunction.

Published
2019

18. Contributors

Author

Shamsuddin Akhtar, Sarah Armour, William R. Auger, John G.T. Augoustides, Gina C. Badescu, James M. Bailey, Daniel Bainbridge, Dalia A. Banks, Manish Bansal, Paul G. Barash, Victor C. Baum, Elliott Bennett-Guerrero, Dan E. Berkowitz, Martin Birch, Simon C. Body, T. Andrew Bowdle, Charles E. Chambers, Mark A. Chaney, Alan Cheng, Davy C.H. Cheng, Albert T. Cheung, Joanna Chikwe, David J. Cook, Ryan C. Craner, Duncan G. de Souza, Patrick A. Devaleria, Marcel E. Durieux, Harvey L. Edmonds, Joerg Karl Ender, Daniel T. Engelman, Liza J. Enriquez, Jared W. Feinman, David Fitzgerald, Suzanne Flier, Amanda A. Fox, Jonathan F. Fox, Julie K. Freed, Leon Freudzon, Valentin Fuster, Theresa A. Gelzinis, Kamrouz Ghadimi, Emily K. Gordon, Leanne Groban, Hilary P. Grocott, Robert C. Groom, Jacob T. Gutsche, Nadia Hensley, Benjamin Hibbert, Thomas L. Higgins, Joseph Hinchey, Charles W. Hogue, Jay Horrow, Philippe R. Housmans, Ronald A. Kahn, Joel A. Kaplan, Keyvan Karkouti, Colleen G. Koch, Mark Kozak, Laeben Lester, Jerrold H. Levy, Warren J. Levy, Adair Q. Locke, Martin J. London, Monica I. Lupei, Michael M. Madani, Timothy Maus, Nanhi Mitter, Alexander J.C. Mittnacht, Christina T. Mora-Mangano, Benjamin N. Morris, J. Paul Mounsey, John M. Murkin, Andrew W. Murray, Jagat Narula, Howard J. Nathan, Liem Nguyen, Nancy A. Nussmeier, Gregory A. Nuttall, Daniel Nyhan, Edward R. O'Brien, William C. Oliver, Paul S. Pagel, Enrique J. Pantin, Prakash A. Patel, John D. Puskas, Joseph J. Quinlan, Harish Ramakrishna, James G. Ramsay, Kent H. Rehfeldt, David L. Reich, Amanda J. Rhee, David M. Roth, Roger L. Royster, Marc A. Rozner, Ivan Salgo, Michael Sander, Joseph S. Savino, John Schindler, Partho P. Sengupta, Ashish Shah, Jack S. Shanewise, Sonal Sharma, Benjamin Sherman, Stanton K. Shernan, Linda Shore-Lesserson, Trevor Simard, Thomas F. Slaughter, Mark M. Smith, Bruce D. Spiess, Mark Stafford-Smith, Marc E. Stone, Joyce A. Wahr, Michael Wall, Menachem M. Weiner, Julia Weinkauf, Stuart J. Weiss, Nathaen Weitzel, Richard Whitlock, James R. Zaidan, and Waseem Zakaria Aziz

Published
2018

19. Contributors

Author

Robert Abel, Ather Ali, Judith Balk, Bruce Barrett, David K. Becker, Paul E. Bergquist, Apple A. Bodemer, Robert Alan Bonakdar, Samudragupta Bora, Suhani Bora, Amy C. Brown, Remy R. Coeytaux, Stephen Dahmer, Douglas E. Dandurand, Alan M. Dattner, Brian Degenhardt, Gautam J. Desai, Stephen Devries, Dennis J. Dowling, Jeanne A. Drisko, Jeffery Dusek, Connie J. Earl, Robert Z. Edwards, Joseph Eichenseher, Ann C. Figurski, Amanda C. Filippelli, Luke Fortney, Alan R. Gaby, Louise Gagné, Paula Gardiner, Tracy Gaudet, Jeffrey Geller, Katherine Gergen-Barnett, Andrea Gordon, Russell H. Greenfield, Hana Grobel, Thomas G. Guilliams, Steven Gurgevich, Fasih A. Hameed, Adrienne Hampton, Patrick J. Hanaway, Joshua Harbaugh, John W. Harrington, James Harvie, Supriya Hayer, Michael Hernke, Michael J. Hewitt, Randy J. Horwitz, Mark Houston, Corene Humphreys, Alexandra Ilkevitch, Robert S. Ivker, Bradly Jacobs, Sarah James, Hwee Soo Jeong, Julia Jernberg, Wayne Jonas, Scott Karpowicz, Amanda J. Kaufman, David J. Kearney, Kathi J. Kemper, David Kiefer, Marcia Klein-Patel, Benjamin Kligler, Mikhail Kogan, Wendy Kohatsu, Greta J. Kuphal, Jost Langhorst, Taryn Lawler, Richard T. Lee, Roberta Lee, Russell Lemmon, David M. Lessens, Sanford H. Levy, Edward (Lev) Linkner, Natalia O. Litbarg, Yue Man Onna Lo, Amy B. Locke, Abigail Love, Tieraona Low Dog, Junelle H. Lupiani, Victoria Maizes, D. Jill Mallory, John Douglas Mann, Lucille R. Marchand, John D. Mark, Michelle E. Martinez, Richard McKinney, Michelle J. Mertz, Aaron J. Michelfelder, Vincent J. Minichiello, Matthew Moher, Daniel Muller, Gerard E. Mullin, Sarah A. Murphy, Harmon Myers, Rubin Naiman, Kaushal Nanavati, James P. Nicolai, Bobby Nourani, Brian Olshansky, Sunil T. Pai, Alyssa M. Parian, Adam I. Perlman, Surya Pierce, Gregory A. Plotnikoff, Rian Podein, David Rabago, David Rakel, Jacqueline Redmer, Eric Reed, Robert Rhode, J. Adam Rindfleisch, Melinda Ring, Eric J. Roseen, Lisa Rosenberger, Maret Rossi, Martin L. Rossman, Pooja Saigal, Bonnie R. Sakallaris, Anju Sawni, Craig Schneider, Howard Schubiner, Nancy J. Selfridge, Tanmeet Sethi, Adam D. Simmons, Tracy L. Simpson, Coleen Smith, Myles Spar, Srivani Sridhar, Tina M. St. John, James A. Stewart, Larry Stoler, Nancy L. Sudak, Jonathan Takahashi, Leslie Mendoza Temple, Malynn L. Utzinger, Donald Warne, Allan Warshowsky, Michael J. Weber, Andrew Weil, Joy A. Weydert, Myrtle Wilhite, Theodore Wissink, Andrew J. Wolf, Daniel Wolpert, Jimmy Wu, and Aleksandra Zgierska

Published
2018

20. Family Transfers and Child Poverty in Greece, Italy, Spain and Portugal

Author

TOSO, STEFANO, M. Matsaganis, C. O'Donoghue, H. Levy, M. Coromaldi, M. Mercader Prats, C. Farinha Rodrigues e. P. Tsakloglou, O. BARGAIN, S. Toso, M. Matsagani, C. O'Donoghue, H. Levy, M. Coromaldi, M. Mercader-Prat, and C. Farinha Rodrigues e P. Tsakloglou

Abstract

The paper examines the effect of family transfers on child poverty in Greece, Italy, Spain and Portugal. Family transfers are defined as to include non-contributory child benefits, contributory family allowances and tax credits or allowances. The drive to reduce child poverty is of particular interest in Southern Europe, where public support to poor families with children is often neagre or not available at all. The paper uses te European cross-country microsimulation model, EUROMOD, to assess the distributional impact of existing family transfers and to explore the scope for policy reforms, before it concludes with a discussion of key findings and policy applications.

Published
2007

21. Contributing Authors

Author

Geoffrey W. Abbott, Martin S. Angst, Christian C. Apfel, Edward A. Bittner, Michelle Braunfeld, Shane Brogan, Michael Cahalan, Charles D. Collard, George J. Crystal, Linda J. Demma, Daniel A. Drennan, John C. Drummond, Thomas J. Ebert, Talmage D. Egan, Matthias Eikermann, Charles W. Emala, T. Miko Enomoto, Paul Garcia, Peter Gerner, Jacqueline A. Hannam, Paul M. Heerdt, Hugh C. Hemmings, Karl F. Herold, Philip M. Hopkins, Deborah Horner, Andrew E. Hudson, Julie L. Huffmyer, Joel O. Johnson, Abhinav Kant, Mark T. Keegan, Andreas Koköfer, Brian P. Lemkuil, Roberto Levi, Jerrold H. Levy, Cynthia A. Lien, Andrew B. Lumb, Srinand Mandyam, Robert G. Martindale, J.A. Jeevendra Martyn, Mary McCarthy, Joseph Meltzer, Edward C. Nemergut, Shinju Obara, Takahiro Ogura, Einar Ottestad, Hahnnah Park, Piyush M. Patel, Misha Perouansky, Tjorvi E. Perry, Alex Proekt, Kane O. Pryor, Aeyal Raz, Peter Rodhe, David Royston, John W. Sear, Peter S. Sebel, Timothy G. Short, Roman M. Sniecinski, Randolph H. Steadman, Kingsley P. Storer, Suzuko Suzuki, Christer Svensén, Kenichi Tanaka, Matthew Keith Whalin, Rachel Whelan, and Josh Zimmerman

Published
2013

22. Contributors

Author

Ahmad Adi, Shamsuddin Akhtar, Koray Arica, John G. Augoustides, James M. Bailey, Daniel Bainbridge, Dalia A. Banks, Paul G. Barash, Victor C. Baum, Elliott Bennett-Guerrero, Dan E. Berkowitz, Simon C. Body, T. Andrew Bowdle, Michael K. Cahalan, Alfonso Casta, Charles E. Chambers, Mark A. Chaney, Alyssa B. Chapital, Alan Cheng, Davy C.H. Cheng, Albert T. Cheung, Joanna Chikwe, David J. Cook, Duncan G. De Souza, Karen B. Domino, Marcel E. Durieux, Harvey L. Edmonds, Mark Edwards, Liza J. Enriquez, Gregory W. Fischer, Lee A. Fleisher, Valentin Fuster, Mario J. Garcia, Juan Gaztanaga, Dean T. Giacobbe, Leanne Groban, Hilary P. Grocott, Kelly Grogan, Robert C. Groom, David W. Grosshans, Masao Hayashi, Eugene A. Hessel, Benjamin Hibbert, Thomas L. Higgins, Charles W. Hogue, Jiri Horak, Jay Horrow, Philippe R. Housmans, Stuart W. Jamieson, Mandisa-Maia Jones-Haywood, Ronald A. Kahn, Joel A. Kaplan, Jack F. Kerr, Kim M. Kerr, Oksana Klimkina, Colleen Koch, Steven N. Konstadt, Mark Kozak, Adam B. Lerner, Jerrold H. Levy, Martin J. London, Barry A. Love, Feroze Mahmood, Gerard R. Manecke, Christina T. Mora Mangano, Veronica Matei, William J. Mauermann, Timothy M. Maus, Nanhi Mitter, Alexander J.C. Mittnacht, Emile R. Mohler, John M. Murkin, Andrew W. Murray, Michael J. Murray, Howard J. Nathan, Gregory A. Nuttall, Daniel Nyhan, Edward R.M. O'brien, William C. Oliver, Paul S. Pagel, Enrique J. Pantin, Joseph J. Quinlan, James G. Ramsay, Kent H. Rehfeldt, David L. Reich, Roger L. Royster, Marc A. Rozner, Joseph S. Savino, Alan Jay Schwartz, Ashish Shah, Jack S. Shanewise, Sonal Sharma, Stanton K. Shernan, Linda Shore-Lesserson, Nikolaos J. Skubas, Thomas F. Slaughter, Bruce D. Spiess, Mark Stafford-Smith, Alfred H. Stammers, Marc E. Stone, Kenichi Tanaka, Menachem Weiner, Stuart J. Weiss, and Jean-Pierre Yared

Published
2011

24. Contributors

Author

Sanjib Adhikary, Jorge Aguilar, Charles Ahere, Moustafa Ahmed, Jane C. Ahn, Shamsuddin Akhtar, David B. Albert, Nasrin N. Aldawoodi, John T. Algren, Gracie Almeida-Chen, David Amar, Zirka H. Anastasian, Stephen Aniskevich, Solomon Aronson, Harendra Arora, Amit Asopa, Joshua H. Atkins, John G. Augoustides, Mohammad Fareed Azam, Catherine R. Bachman, Douglas R. Bacon, Andrew D. Badley, Emily Baird, Alethia Baldwin, Ryan Ball, Amir Baluch, David Bandola, Shawn Banks, Paul G. Barash, Kathleen E. Barrett, Shawn T. Beaman, Jonathan C. Beathe, Christopher D. Beatie, W. Scott Beattie, Perry S. Bechtle, G. Richard Benzinger, Lauren Berkow, Jeffrey M. Berman, Wendy K. Bernstein, Arnold J. Berry, Frederic Berry, Ulrike Berth, Walter Bethune, Sumita Bhambhani, Shobana Bharadwaj, Neil Bhatt, Frederic T. Billings, Wendy B. Binstock, David J. Birnbach, Michael Bishop, Stephanie Black, Mary A. Blanchette, James M. Blum, Krishna Boddu, Lara Bonasera, Richard L. Boortz-Marx, Cecil O. Borel, Gregory H. Botz, Charles D. Boucek, William Bradford, Jason C. Brainard, Michelle Braunfeld, Ferne R. Braveman, Caridad Bravo-Fernandez, Peter H. Breen, Marjorie Brennan, Tricia Brentjens, Megan A. Brockel, Jay B. Brodsky, Todd A. Bromberg, Adam J. Broussard, Chris Broussard, Carmen Labrie-Brown, Robert H. Brown, Charles S. Brudney, Sorin J. Brull, Claude Brunson, Trent Bryson, Jacob M. Buchowski, Stefan Budac, Zachary D. Bush, John Butterworth, Lisbeysi Calo, Christopher Canlas, Ayana Cannon, Shawn M. Cantie, Lisa Caplan, Marco Caruso, Davide Cattano, Charles B. Cauldwell, Laura Cavallone, Maurizio Cereda, Thomas M. Chalifoux, Susan Chan, Theodore G. Cheek, Alexander Chen, Samuel A. Cherry, Albert T. Cheung, Grace L. Chien, Peter T. Choi, Christopher Ciarallo, Franklyn Cladis, Anthony J. Clapcich, Richard B. Clark, Mindy Cohen, Neal H. Cohen, Robert I. Cohen, Stephan J. Cohn, Aisling Conran, Richard I. Cook, Randall F. Coombs, David M. Corda, Daniel Cormican, Darren Cousin, Vincent S. Cowell, Lyndsey Cox, Paula A. Craigo, Richard C. Cross, Roy F. Cucchiara, William H. Daily, Gaurang Dalal, Priti Dalal, Michael Danekas, Ahmed M. Darwish, Ribal Darwish, Suanne M. Daves, Kathleen Davis, Peter J. Davis, Bracken J. De Witt, Ellise Delphin, Seema Deshpande, Dawn P. Desiderio, Tricia Desvarieux, Laura K. Diaz, Christian Diez, Sanjay Dixit, Meenakshi Dogra, Karen B. Domino, Kathryn Dorhauer, Todd Dorman, Don D. Doussan, James Duke, Ann C. Duncan, Frank W. Dupont, Andrew Dziewit, L. Jane Easdown, R. Blaine Easley, Thomas J. Ebert, David M. Eckmann, Talmage D. Egan, Seth Eisdorfer, Nabil M. Elkassabany, Ryan P. Ellender, Logan S. Emory, Monique Espinosa, Lucinda L. Everett, Nauder Faraday, James J. Fehr, James M. Feld, Lynn A. Fenton, Laura H. Ferguson, Matthew Fiegel, Aaron M. Fields, Gordon N. Finlayson, Alan Finley, Gregory W. Fischer, Gary Fiskum, Molly Fitzpatrick, Russell Flatto, Lee A. Fleisher, Ronda Flower, Annette G. Folgueras, Patrick J. Forte, Joseph F. Foss, Charles J. Fox, William R. Furman, Robert Gaiser, David R. Gambling, Scott Gardiner, Matthew L. Garvey, Abraham C. Gaupp, Steven Gayer, Jeremy M. Geiduschek, Frank Gencorelli, Eric Gewirtz, Ghaleb A. Ghani, Charles P. Gibbs, Jeremy L. Gibson, Lori Gilbert, Kevin J. Gingrich, Gregory Ginsburg, Christopher Giordano, Christine E. Goepfert, Hernando Gomez, Santiago Gomez, Alanna E. Goodman, Stephanie R. Goodman, Alexandru Gottlieb, Ori Gottlieb, Allan Gottschalk, Basavana Gouda Goudra, Harry J. Gould, Nikolaus Gravenstein, Megan Graybill, William J. Greeley, Patrick Guffey, Ala Sami Haddadin, John G. Hagen, Karim Abdel Hakim, Michael Hall, N. James Halliday, Raafat S. Hannallah, Jeremy Hansen, C. William Hanson, Charles B. Hantler, Andrew P. Harris, Jonathan Hastie, Henry A. Hawney, Stephen O. Heard, James E. Heavner, James G. Hecker, Elizabeth A. Hein, Eugenie Heitmiller, Mark Helfaer, Lori B. Heller, Andrew Hemphill, Adrian Hendrickse, Frederick A. Hensley, Ian A. Herrick, Douglas Hester, Eric J. Heyer, Michael S. Higgins, Roberta Hines, Charles W. Hogue, Kenneth J. Holroyd, Natalie F. Holt, Simon J. Howell, Faisal Huda, Keith E. Hude, Hayden R. Hughes, James M. Hunter, Brad J. Hymel, James W. Ibinson, Karen E. Iles, Robert M. Insoft, Shiroh Isono, Yulia Ivashkov, Bozena R. Jachna, Anna Jankowska, Norah Janosy, Arun L. Jayaraman, Nathalia Jimenez, Judy G. Johnson, Lyndia Jones, Edmund H. Jooste, Zeev N. Kain, Maudy Kalangie, Philip L. Kalarickal, Ihab Kamel, Mia Kang, Ivan Kangrga, Ravish Kapoor, Helen W. Karl, Christopher Karsanac, Swaminathan Karthik, Jeffrey A. Katz, Alan Kaye, Adam M. Kaye, A. Murat Kaynar, Nancy B. Kenepp, Miklos D. Kertai, Mary A. Keyes, Sarah Khan, Swapnil Khoche, David Y. Kim, Jerry H. Kim, Kimberly M. King, Jeffrey Kirsch, Matthew A. Klopman, Paul R. Knight, Donald D. Koblin, W. Andrew Kofke, Vincent J. Kopp, Joseph R. Koveleskie, Courtney Kowalczyk, Valeriy V. Kozmenko, Kaylyn Krummen, Sapna R. Kudchadkar, Nathan Kudrick, Adrienne Kung, C. Dean Kurth, Robert Kyle, J. Lance LaFleur, Jason G. Lai, Kirk Lalwani, William L. Lanier, Dawn M. Larson, Richard M. Layman, Chris C. Lee, Mark J. Lema, W. Casey Lenox, Jacqueline M. Leung, Roy C. Levitt, Jerrold H. Levy, J. Lance Lichtor, Charles Lin, Sharon L. Lin, Karen S. Lindeman, Lesley Lirette, Ronald S. Litman, Qianjin Liu, Renyu Liu, Wen-Shin Liu, Justin Lockman, Stanley L. Loftness, Martin J. London, Philip D. Lumb, M. Concetta Lupa, Anne Marie Lynn, Devi Mahendran, Jeffrey Mako, Anuj Malhotra, Vinod Malhotra, Andrew M. Malinow, Mark G. Mandabach, Dennis T. Mangano, Sobia Mansoor, Inna Maranets, Jonathan B. Mark, Sinisa Markovic, H. Michael Marsh, Choendal Martin, Nicole D. Martin, Douglas Martz, Veronica A. Matei, Letha Mathews, Lynne G. Maxwell, Philip McArdle, John P. McCarren, Brenda C. McClain, Brian McClure, William A. McDade, Kathryn E. McGoldrick, Brian J. McGrath, Gregory L. McHugh, David McIlroy, Jason McKeown, Thomas M. McLoughlin, R. Yan McRae, William L. Meadow, Sameer Menda, William T. Merritt, David G. Metro, Berend Mets, Hosni Mikhaeil, David W. Miller, Jessica Miller, Mohammed Minhaj, Marek A. Mirski, Nanhi Mitter, Alexander J.C. Mittnacht, Raj K. Modak, Pierre Moine, Constance L. Monitto, Richard C. Month, Richard E. Moon, Laurel E. Moore, Roger A. Moore, Thomas A. Moore, Debra E. Morrison, Jonathan Moss, John R. Moyers, Jesse J. Muir, Adam J. Munson-Young, Stanley Muravchick, John M. Murkin, Peter Nagele, Peter A. Nagi, Daniel A. Nahrwold, Michael L. Nahrwold, Madhavi Naik, Manchula Navaratnam, Stephan P. Nebbia, Priscilla Nelson, Thai T. Nguyen, Viet Nguyen, Stavroula Nikolaidis, Zoulfira Nisnevitch, Dolores B. Njoku, Mary J. Njoku, Edward J. Norris, Omonele O. Nwokolo, Daniel Nyhan, William T. O'Byrne, Edward A. Ochroch, Andrew Oken, Nathan Orgain, Nancy E. Oriol, Pedro Orozco, Andreas M. Ostermeier, Andranik Ovassapian, Mehmet S. Ozcan, Ira Padnos, Sheela S. Pai, Nirvik Pal, Dhamodaran Palaniappan, Susan K. Palmer, Howard D. Palte, Wei Pan, Oliver Panzer, Sibi Pappachan, Anthony Passannante, Dennis A. Patel, Dilipkumar K. Patel, Kirit M. Patel, Samir Patel, Shalin Patel, Sanup Pathak, Minda L. Patt, Ronald W. Pauldine, Olga Pawelek, Tim Pawelek, Kiarash Paydar, Ronald G. Pearl, Christine Peeters-Asdourian, Padmavathi R. Perela, Charise T. Petrovitch, Patricia H. Petrozza, Dennis Phillips, Mark C. Phillips, Christine Piefer, Edgar J. Pierre, S. William Pinson, Evan G. Pivalizza, Raymond M. Planinsic, Don Poldermans, Joel M. Pomerantz, Jason E. Pope, Wanda M. Popescu, Vivian H. Porche, Jahan Porhomayon, Dmitry Portnoy, Corinne K. Postle, Paul J. Primeaux, Donald S. Prough, Ferenc Puskas, Carlos A. Puyo, Forrest Quiggle, Mary Rabb, Bronwyn R. Rae, Muhammad B. Rafique, Jesse M. Raiten, Arvind Rajagopal, Srinivasan Rajagopal, Gaurav Rajpal, Chandra Ramamoorthy, Ira J. Rampil, James G. Ramsay, James A. Ramsey, Vidya N. Rao, Joana Ratsiu, Selina Read, Ronjeet Reddy, Leila L. Reduque, David L. Reich, Karene Ricketts, Cameron Ricks, Bernhard Riedel, Jyotsna Rimal, Joseph Rinehart, James M. Riopelle, Stacey A. Rizza, Amy C. Robertson, Stephen Robinson, Peter Rock, Yillam F. Rodriguez-Blanco, Michael F. Roizen, Daniel M. Roke, Ryan Romeo, Joseph Rosa, David A. Rosen, Kathleen Rosen, Stanley H. Rosenbaum, Andrew D. Rosenberg, Andrew L. Rosenberg, Henry Rosenberg, Meg A. Rosenblatt, Steven Roth, Brian Rothman, Justin L. Rountree, Matthew J. Rowan, Marc Rozner, Ryan Rubin, Stephen M. Rupp, W. John Russell, Thomas A. Russo, Alecia L. Sabartinelli, Tetsuro Sakai, Orlando J. Salinas, Paul L. Samm, Jibin Samuel, Tor Sandven, Ted J. Sanford, Joshua W. Sappenfield, Ponnusamy Saravanan, Subramanian Sathishkumar, R. Alexander Schlichter, Eric Schnell, David L. Schreibman, Armin Schubert, Peter Schulman, Todd A. Schultz, Alan Jay Schwartz, Jamie McElrath Schwartz, Jeffrey J. Schwartz, Benjamin K. Scott, Joseph L. Seltzer, Tamas Seres, Daniel I. Sessler, Navil F. Sethna, Amar Setty, Paul W. Shabaz, Pranav Shah, Saroj Mukesh Shah, Milad Sharifpour, Joanne Shay, Jay Shepherd, Jeffrey S. Shiffrin, Marina Shindell, Daniel Siker, Richard Silverman, Brett A. Simon, Nina Singh, Ashish C. Sinha, Robert N. Sladen, Kieran A. Slevin, Tod B. Sloan, Kathleen Smith, Timothy E. Smith, Victoria Smoot, Denis Snegovskikh, Betsy Ellen Soifer, Molly Solorzano, James M. Sonner, Aris Sophocles, James A. Sparrow, Joan Spiegel, Bruce D. Spiess, Ramprasad Sripada, Stanley W. Stead, Joshua D. Stearns, Kelly Stees, Clinton Steffey, Christopher Stemland, John Stene, Christopher T. Stephens, Tracey L. Stierer, O. Jameson Stokes, Bryant W. Stolp, David F. Stowe, Ted Strickland, Suzanne Strom, Erin A. Sullivan, Michele Sumler, Dajin Sun, Lena Sun, Esther Sung, Veronica C. Swanson, Judit Szolnoki, Joe Talarico, Gee Mei Tan, Darryl T. Tang, Paul Tarasi, René Tempelhoff, John E. Tetzlaff, Alisa C. Thorne, Arlyne Thung, Vasanti Tilak, Kate Tobin, Joseph R. Tobin, Michael J. Tobin, R. David Todd, Matthew Tomlinson, Thomas J. Toung, Lien B. Tran, Minh Chau Joe Tran, Kevin K. Tremper, Sanyo Tsai, George S. Tseng, Kenneth J. Tuman, Avery Tung, Cynthia Tung, Rebecca Twersky, Mark Twite, John A. Ulatowski, Michael Urban, Manuel C. Vallejo, Andrea Vannucci, Albert J. Varon, Anasuya Vasudevan, Susheela Viswanathan, Alexander A. Vitin, Wolfgang Voelckel, Ann Walia, Russell T. Wall, Terrence Wallace, Shu-Ming Wang, David C. Warltier, Lucy Waskell, Scott Watkins, Denise Wedel, Stuart J. Weiss, Charles Weissman, Nathaen Weitzel, Gregory Weller, Gina Whitney, Robert A. Whittington, Danny Wilkerson, Nancy C. Wilkes, Michael Williams, Jimmy Windsor, Bernard Wittels, Gregory A. Wolff, Andrew K. Wong, Stacie N. Woods, A.J. Wright, Zheng Xie, Christopher C. Young, Ian Yuan, Francine S. Yudkowitz, James R. Zaidan, Paul Zanaboni, Warren M. Zapol, Angela Zimmerman, and Maurice S. Zwass

Published
2011

25. Allergy

Author

Jerrold H. Levy

Published
2011

27. Contributors

Author

Brian G. Abbott, David H. Adams, Lishan Aklog, Arvind K. Agnihotri, Louise A. Aquila Allen, Mark S. Allen, Nasser K. Altorki, Robert H. Anderson, Masaki Anraku, Anelechi C. Anyanwu, Simon K. Ashiku, Erle H. Austin, Eric H. Awtry, Emile A. Bacha, Richard Baillott, Donald S. Baim, Leora B. Balsam, Hendrick B. Barner, David J. Barron, Joseph E. Bavaria, David P. Bichell, Edward L. Bove, William J. Brawn, Christian P. Brizard, Julie A. Brothers, Morgan L. Brown, Ayesha S. Bryant, Harold M. Burkhart, Christopher A. Caldarone, Robert M. Califf, Edward Cantu, Justine M. Carr, Joseph P. Carrozza, Frank Cecchin, Robert J. Cerfolio, Riya S. Chacko, Alfred Chahine, Vincent Chan, Frederick Y. Chen, Alvin J. Chin, Cynthia S. Chin, Joanna Chikwe, W. Randolph Chitwood, Karla G. Christian, Neil A. Christie, Joseph C. Cleveland, Lawrence H. Cohn, William E. Cohn, Yolanda L. Colson, Wilson S. Colucci, Andrew C. Cook, Joel D. Cooper, Jack G. Copeland, Scott Cowan, Melissa Culligan, Francois Dagenais, Ralph J. Damiano, Thomas A. D'Amico, Jonathan Daniel, Philippe G. Dartevelle, Tirone E. David, Jonathan D'Cunha, Joseph A. Dearani, Daniel T. DeArmond, Pedro J. del Nido, Tom R. DeMeester, Philippe Demers, Todd L. Demmy, Eric J. Devaney, Elisabeth U. Dexter, Marisa Di Donato, Christopher T. Ducko, Brian W. Duncan, Carlos M.G. Duran, Fred H. Edwards, Sitaram M. Emani, Jeremy J. Erasmus, Dario O. Fauza, Felix G. Fernandez, Hiran C. Fernando, Farzan Filsoufi, Michael P. Fischbein, Rosario V. Freeman, Joseph Friedberg, David A. Fullerton, Francis Fynn-Thompson, Lawrence A. Garcia, J. William Gaynor, Tal Geva, Sébastien Gilbert, A. Marc Gillinov, Donald D. Glower, Raja R. Gopaldas, Frederick L. Grover, Julius Guccione, Constanza J. Gutierrez, John R. Guyton, John W. Hammon, Zane T. Hammond, Thomas H. Hauser, Jennifer C. Hirsch, Chuong D. Hoang, Osami Honjo, Keith A. Horvath, Jeffrey Phillip Jacobs, Marshall L. Jacobs, Michael T. Jaklitsch, Stuart W. Jamieson, Doraid Jarrar, Douglas R. Johnston, David R. Jones, Mark E. Josephson, Lilian P. Joventino, Amy L. Juraszek, Larry R. Kaiser, Kirk R. Kanter, Aditya K. Kaza, Steven M. Keller, Clinton D. Kemp, Kemp H. Kernstine, Shaf Keshavjee, Mark J. Krasna, John C. Kucharczuk, Alan P. Kypson, Roger J. Laham, Michael J. Landzberg, Peter C. Laussen, Lawrence S. Lee, Scott A. LeMaire, Sidney Levitsky, Jerrold H. Levy, John R. Liddicoat, Peter H. Lin, Philip A. Linden, John C. Lipham, Michael J. Liptay, Virginia R. Litle, Bruce W. Lytle, James D. Luketich, Michael M. Madani, Michael A. Maddaus, Feroze Mahmood, Hari R. Mallidi, Abeel A. Mangi, Warren Manning, Edith M. Marom, Audrey C. Marshall, Christopher E. Mascio, David P. Mason, Douglas J. Mathisen, Kenneth L. Mattox, Robina Matyal, John E. Mayer, James McCulley, Doff McElhinney, Edwin C. McGee, Francis X. McGowan, Ciaran McNamee, Spencer J. Melby, Lorenzo Menicanti, Bryan F. Meyers, Carmelo A. Milano, D. Craig Miller, Daniel L. Miller, John D. Mitchell, Jeffrey A. Morgan, Sudish C. Murthy, Sacha Mussot, Alykhan S. Nagji, Yoshifumi Naka, Kurt D. Newman, Chukwumere Nwogu, Kirsten C. Odegard, Richard G. Ohye, Mark W. Onaitis, Catherine M. Otto, Mehmet C. Oz, Bernard J. Park, Amit N. Patel, G. Alexander Patterson, Edward F. Patz, Subroto Paul, Arjun Pennathur, Frank A. Pigula, Duane S. Pinto, Marvin Pomerantz, Jeffrey L. Port, Yuri B. Pride, Varun Puri, Basel Ramlawi, Mark Ratcliffe, John J. Reilly, Bruce A. Reitz, Karl G. Reyes, Thomas W. Rice, Robert C. Robbins, Gaetano Rocco, Audrey Rosinberg, Fraser Rubens, Marc Ruel, Valerie W. Rusch, Joseph F. Sabik, Hartzell V. Schaff, Frank W. Sellke, Rohit Shahani, Robert C. Shamberger, Steven S. Shay, Joseph B. Shrager, Dhruv Singhal, Peter K. Smith, Richard G. Smith, R. John Solaro, David J. Spurlock, Marie E. Steiner, Matthew A. Steliga, Brendon M. Stiles, Michaela Straznicka, David A. Stump, David J. Sugarbaker, Erik J. Suuronen, Lars G. Svensson, Scott J. Swanson, Wilson Y. Szeto, Kenichi A. Tanaka, Benedict J.W. Taylor, Patricia A. Thistlethwaite, Peter Tsai, Harold C. Urschel, Anne Marie Valente, Timothy L. Van Natta, Richard Van Praagh, Nikolay V. Vasilyev, Jeffrey B. Velotta, Gus J. Vlahakes, Pierre Voisine, Matthew J. Wall, Arthur Wallace, Garrett L. Walsh, Daniel C. Weiner, Todd S. Weiser, Benny Weksler, Margaret V. Westfall, Benson R. Wilcox, Jay M. Wilson, Joseph J. Wizorek, Douglas E. Wood, David Wrobleskim, John V. Wylie, Stephen C. Yang, Godfred Kwame Yankey, Sai Yendamuri, Susan B. Yeon, Barry L. Zaret, Yan Zhang, Xiaoqin Zhao, Peter J. Zimetbaum, and Hannah Zimmerman

Published
2010

29. Chapter 8 From Greenhouse to Icehouse – The Eocene/Oligocene in Antarctica

Author

Barbara A. R. Mohr, Sergio A. Marenssi, V.C. Thorn, M. Hambrey, Jane E. Francis, Steven M Bohaty, Robert M. DeConto, J. Warnaar, Richard H. Levy, Henk Brinkhuis, and James C Zachos

Subjects
geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Oceanography, Orbital forcing, Continental shelf, Tidewater glacier cycle, Glacier, Glacial period, Ice sheet, Geology, Greenhouse and icehouse Earth, Polar climate
Abstract

The change from a warm, ice-free greenhouse world to the glacial Antarctic icehouse occurred during the latest Eocene–earliest Oligocene. Prior to this, during the Early–Middle Eocene, Antarctica experienced warm climates, at least on the margins of the continent where geological evidence is present. Climates appear to have been warm and wet, the seas were warm and plants flourished in a frost-free environment, although there is some suggestion of valley glaciers on King George Island. Climate signals in the geological record show that the climate then cooled but not enough to allow the existence of significant ice until the latest Eocene. Glacial deposits on Seymour Island indicate that ice was present there at Eocene/Oligocene boundary times. Further south, ice-rafted clasts in drill cores from the Ross Sea region and deposits of tidewater glacier origin in Prydz Bay confirm the presence of ice at the continental shelf by the earliest Oligocene. This matches the major Oi-1 oxygen isotope event in the marine record. On land, vegetation was able to persist but the warmth-loving plants of the Eocene were replaced by shrubby vegetation with the southern beech Nothofagus, mosses and ferns, which survived in tundra-like conditions. Throughout the Oligocene, glaciation waxed and waned until a major glacial phase in the Miocene. Coupled climate–ice sheet modelling indicates that changing levels of atmospheric CO2 controlled Antarctica's climate. Factors such as mountain uplift, vegetation changes and orbital forcing all played a part in cooling the polar climate, but only when CO2 levels reached critical thresholds was Antarctica tipped into its icy glacial world.

Published
2008

30. Contributors

Author

Maher Adi, Lishan Aklog, James M. Bailey, Daniel Bainbridge, Victor C. Baum, Elliott Bennett-Guerrero, Dan E. Berkowitz, John F. Butterworth, Alfonso Casta, Charles E. Chambers, Mark A. Chaney, Davy C.H. Cheng, Albert T. Cheung, John L. Chow, David J. Cook, Marianne Coutu, Marcel E. Durieux, Harvey L. Edmonds, Gregory W. Fischer, Lee A. Fleisher, Dean T. Giacobbe, Leanne Groban, Hilary P. Grocott, Kelly L. Grogan, Thomas L. Higgins, Zak Hillel, Roberta L. Hines, Jiri Horak, Jay Horrow, Philippe R. Housmans, Ivan Iglesias, Brian Johnson, Ronald A. Kahn, Max Kanevsky, Joel A. Kaplan, Steven N. Konstadt, Mark Kozak, Jerrold H. Levy, Michael G. Licina, Martin J. London, Alexander J. Mittnacht, Christina Mora-Mangano, J. Paul Mounsey, John M. Murkin, Andrew W. Murray, Michael J. Murray, Howard J. Nathan, Gregory A. Nuttall, Daniel Nyhan, Edward R.M. O'Brien, William C. Oliver, Enrique J. Pantin, Joseph J. Quinlan, James G. Ramsay, Kent H. Rehfeldt, David L. Reich, Bryan J. Robertson, Roger L. Royster, Marc A. Rozner, Joseph S. Savino, Jack S. Shanewise, Stanton K. Shernan, Linda Shore-Lesserson, Thomas F. Slaughter, Bruce D. Spiess, Mark Stafford-Smith, Marc E. Stone, Kenichi Tanaka, Daniel M. Thys, Mark F. Trankina, Stuart Joel Weiss, Jean-Pierre Yared, and David A. Zvara

Published
2008

31. Contributors

Author

Peter Alison, John Beca, David Buckley, Davy C.H. Cheng, Ian Civil, Henry Connell, Robert N. Doughty, Mark Edwards, Kate Fogg, Norbert Foudraine, Ivor L. Gerber, Michael Gillham, Patrick A. Gladding, Sally C. Greaves, Roger M.O. Hall, David A. Haydock, Margaret Hood, Ian J. Le Grice, Jerrold H. Levy, C. David Mazer, Shay McGuinness, Andrew McKee, Tanya J. McWilliams, Alan F. Merry, Andrew Miller, David Milne, Parma Nand, Christopher J. Occleshaw, Clare O'Donnell, O. Christopher Raffel, Joanne Ritchie, Ian Robinson, Peter Ruygrok, David Sidebotham, Warren Smith, Roman M. Sniecinski, Stephen Streat, Ravi Taneja, Frank M.P. van Haren, Harvey D. White, Ubbo F. Wiersema, Timothy Wilcox, Margaret Wilsher, and Susan Wright

Published
2007

32. Contributors

Author

Mark Abel, Gaury S. Adhikary, Maurice S. Albin, Stacey L. Allen, Steven J. Allen, Jonathan M. Anagnostou, Maged Argalious, George A. Arndt, Lori A. Aronson, John L. Atlee, Michael S. Avidan, Isaac Azar, James E. Baker, Narayan Baliga, Shahar Bar-Yosef, Juliana Barr, Curtis L. Baysinger, Eric Bedell, Joan Benca, Patrick E. Benedict, David G. Bjoraker, Susan Black, William S. Blau, Steffan Blumenthal, John C. Boncyk, Alain Borgeat, Lois L. Bready, Thomas P. Broderick, David L. Brown, Adrie Bruijinzeel, Brenda A. Bucklin, Matthew D. Caldwell, William R. Camann, Maria I. Castro, Kevin P. Chan, Mark A. Chaney, Amit V. Chawla, David C.H. Cheng, S. Devi Chiravuri, Gordon Lee Collins, Lois A. Connolly, D. Ryan Cook, Scott D. Cook-Sather, Victoria Coon, John R. Cooper, Charles J. Coté, Douglas B. Coursin, James C. Crews, Deborah A. Davis, Martin L. De Ruyter, Hernando De Soto, Donn M. Dennis, Ronak Desai, Cheryl DeSimone, Cyrus DeSouza, Clifford S. Deutschman, Pema Dorje, Anthony R. Doyle, Kenneth Drasner, Catherine Drexler, Ellen Duncan, Martin W. Dünser, Jörg Dziersk, Michael P. Eaton, Charles E. Edmiston, James B. Eisenkraft, John Ellis, Brenda G. Fahy, Zhuang T. Fang, Doron Feldman, Lynne R. Ferrari, Matthew P. Feuer, Stephanie S.F. Fischer, M. Pamela Fish, Randall Flick, Michael P. Ford, Jennifer T. Fortney, James M.T. Foster, Melissa Franckowiak, Eugene B. Freid, Kimberly Frost-Pineda, Jeffrey L. Galinkin, Arjunan Ganesh, Hind M. Gautam, Rodolfo Gebhardt, Jeremy M. Geiduschek, J.C. Gerancher, Mark S. Gold, Stuart Grant, Glenn P. Gravlee, Ivar Gunnarsson, Mary Ann Gurkowski, Jacob Gutsche, Thomas S. Guyton, Ali Habibi, Saeed Habibi, Charles B. Hantler, H. David Hardman, Barry A. Harrison, Joy L. Hawkins, Christopher M.B. Heard, Stephen O. Heard, James R. Hebl, Robert F. Helfand, Rosemary Hickey, George A. Higgins, Scott Holliday, William Hope, Terese T. Horlocker, Liana Hosu, Kate Huncke, Samuel A. Irefin, William Jacobs, Eric Jacobsohn, J. Michael Jaeger, Michael F.M. James, Gregory M. Janelle, David R. Jobes, Nicola Jones, Shailendra Joshi, Zeev N. Kain, Wendy B. Kang, Shubjeet Kaur, Robert D. Kaye, Paul E. Kazanjian, Jeffrey S. Kelly, Kevin J. Kelly, Robert E. Kettler, Jonathan T. Ketzler, Evan D. Kharasch, M. Sean Kincaid, Kathryn P. King, Kai T. Kiviluoma, Jerome M. Klafta, Pattricia S. Klarr, Sandra L. Kopp, Donald A. Kroll, Kenneth Kuchta, C. Dean Kurth, Arthur M. Lam, Jeffrey L. Lane, Paul B. Langevin, Melissa A. Laxton, Marcia M. Lee, Mijin Lee, Peter J. Lee, Philip Levin, Jerrold H. Levy, Ian Lewis, Ray P. Liao, Spencer S. Liu, Emilio B. Lobato, Robert G. Loeb, Celeste M. Lombardi, Prashant Lotlikar, Michelle L. Lotto, Katarzyna Luba, Stewart J. Lustik, Vinod Malhotra, Christina M. Matadial, Viktoria D. Mayr, Deborah A. McClain, Thomas McCutchen, David L. McDonagh, Susan B. McDonald, Lynda J. Means, Mark Meyer, Mohammed Minhaj, Vivek Moitra, Constance L. Monitto, Terri G. Monk, Lisa M. Montenegro, Timothy E. Morey, Lucille A. Mostello, Isobel Muhiudeen-Russell, J. Thomas Murphy, Catherine Friederich Murray, Michael J. Murray, David Muzic, Nader D. Nader, Carsten Nadjat-Haiem, Mohamed Naguib, Bhiken Naik, David A. Nakata, Charles A. Napolitano, Bradly J. Narr, Krishna M. Natrajan, Norah Naughton, Patrick Neligan, Philippa Newfield, Hector F. Nicodemus, Susan C. Nicolson, Susan H. Noorily, Mark Nunnally, Christopher J. O'Connor, Michael F. O'Connor, Jerome F. O'Hara, Maria A.K. Öhrn, Nollag O'Rourke, Sheela S. Pai, Craig M. Palmer, C. Lee Parmley, Komal Patel, D. Janet Pavlin, Padmavathi Perala, Patricia H. Petrozza, Linda S. Polley, David Porembka, Claudia Praetel, Joseph Previte, Richard C. Prielipp, William Prince, Lester T. Proctor, Donald S. Prough, M. J. Pekka Raatikainen, Lee M. Radke, Sivam Ramanathan, James G. Ramsay, Monica N. Riesner, Edward T. Riley, Pamela R. Roberts, Kerri M. Robertson, Marnie Robinson, John B. Rose, Mark I. Rossberg, David M. Rothenberg, Daniel D. Rubens, Senthilkumar Sadhasivam, Tetsuro Sakai, Francis V. Salinas, Theodore J. Sanford, Ramachandran Satya-Krishna, Scott R. Schulman, Annette Schure, Jeffrey J. Schwartz, Christian Seefelder, Rajamani Sethuraman, Christoph N. Seubert, Jack S. Shanewise, Kelly T. Shannon, Gauhar Sharih, Aarti Sharma, Robert N. Sladen, Peter D. Slinger, Tod B. Sloan, Jonathan H. Slonin, Paul Smythe, Jennifer E. Souders, Scott R. Springman, James M. Steven, Robert K. Stoelting, Mark D. Stoneham, E. Price Stover, Laura Stover, Vijayendra Sudheendra, Kevin J. Sullivan, Christer H. Svensén, James F. Szocik, Kenichi A. Tanaka, Mark D. Tasch, Peter Tassani-Prell, Lisa Thannikary, Klaus D. Torp, Laurence C. Torsher, Mark F. Trankina, Kenneth W. Travis, Lawrence C. Tsen, Avery Tung, Manuel C. Vallejo, Gail A. Van Norman, Karen M. Van Tassel, Gurinder M.S. Vasdev, Melissa M. Vu, Mehernoor F. Watcha, Eileen Watson, B. Craig Weldon, Robert S. Weller, Lynda Wells, Volker Wenzel, Harshdeep Wilkhu, Brian A. Williams, Glyn D. Williams, Lisa Wise-Faberowski, Eric P. Wittkugel, David J. Wlody, Gilbert Y. Wong, Brian J. Woodcock, Christopher C. Young, William L. Young, Christine M. Zainer, Mark A. Zakowski, Paul B. Zanaboni, and R. Victor Zhang

Published
2007

33. Cardiovascular Pharmacology

Author

Roman M. Sniecinski, Jerrold H. Levy, and Susan Wright

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, medicine, Cardiovascular pharmacology, Intensive care medicine, business
Published
2007

34. Acknowledgments

Author

David Sidebotham, Andrew McKee, Michael Gillham, and Jerrold H. Levy

Published
2007

35. Preface

Author

David Sidebotham, Andrew McKee, Michael Gillham, and Jerrold H. Levy

Published
2007

36. Bleeding, Hemostasis, and Transfusion Medicine

Author

Andrew McKee and Jerrold H. Levy

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Hemostasis, medicine, Transfusion medicine, Intensive care medicine, business
Published
2007

37. Perioperative Hypertension

Author

Jerrold H. Levy and Kenichi A. Tanaka

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Perioperative hypertension, medicine, Intensive care medicine, business
Published
2007

38. Complement and Contact Activation

Author

Jerrold H. Levy

Subjects
Contact activation, business.industry, Medicine, business, Cell biology, Complement (complexity)
Published
1992

39. Management of Anaphylaxis

Author

Jerrold H. Levy

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, medicine, business, medicine.disease, Dermatology, Anaphylaxis
Published
1992

45. The Efficiency Analysis of Choices Involving Risk11The authors are grateful to A. Beja and S. Kaniel for valuable comments. The referees commented on an early draft, that similar results appeared in other works, unpublished and unknown to us at that time: a paper by Hadar and Russel [7], a Thesis by J. Hammond [8], and a book by Pratt, Raiffa and Schlaifer [17]. There is also some overlap with Quirk and Saposnik [18], and Feldstein [5]. However, the present paper gives a more general treatment and some significant modifications to most of these results

Author

H. Levy and G. Hanoch

Subjects
Class (set theory), Risk aversion, Computer science, Portfolio, Probability distribution, Point (geometry), Dimension (data warehouse), Mathematical proof, Set (psychology), Mathematical economics
Abstract

Publisher Summary The choice of an individual decision maker among alternative risky ventures may be regarded as a two-step procedure. The decision maker chooses an efficient set among all available portfolios, independently of his tastes or preferences. Then, the decision maker applies individual preferences to this set to choose the desired portfolio. The subject of this chapter is the analysis of the first step. It deals with optimal selection rules that minimize the efficient set by discarding any portfolio that is inefficient in the sense that it is inferior to a member of the efficient set, from point of view of each and every individual, when all individuals' utility functions are assumed to be of a given general class of admissible functions. The analysis presented in the chapter is carried out in terms of a single dimension such as money, both for the utility functions and for the probability distributions. However, the results may easily be extended, with minor changes in the theorems and the proofs, to the multivariate case. The chapter explains a necessary and sufficient condition for efficiency, when no further restrictions are imposed on the utility functions. It presents proofs of the optimal efficiency criterion in the presence of general risk aversion, that is, for concave utility functions.

Published
1975

49. Pharmacologic Therapy for Anaphylaxis

Author

Jerrold H. Levy

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Anesthesia, medicine, Pharmacologic therapy, Intensive care medicine, business, medicine.disease, Anaphylaxis
Published
1986

50. Respiratory Management Following Anaphylaxis

Author

Jerrold H. Levy

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Medicine, Respiratory system, business, Intensive care medicine, medicine.disease, Anaphylaxis
Published
1986

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