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The development of biodegradable hybrid fibre composites is gaining pace in the automotive and construction industries due to their lightweight structural applications, which offer considerable benefits for the environment. In this present investigation, hybrid bio composites were fabricated using a compression molding machine with plain woven jute and aloe vera mats along with polyester resin as the matrix. Six types of hybrid biocomposite laminates were prepared by varying the stacking arrangement of jute and aloe-vera mats to analyse the impact of stacking arrangements on vibration damping and acoustic behaviour of these hybrid bio composites. From the results, it is concluded that the maximum value of natural frequency is obtained from the JJAJ type of composite. i.e., 157, 326, and 370 Hz for Modes I, II, and III respectively, due to good interlacing of fibres in the weft and warp directions. J/J/A/J (AJ3) hybrid bio composite has highest sound absorption coefficient of 0.47 at 3000 Hz, and a better transmission loss i.e 19.84 dB, according to the results of the acoustic research. The comparison of experimental and theoretical analysis was carried out, and found that experimental and theoretical values are closely related to each other.

Novel research has been conducted on Aloe vera, focusing on stems fiber (agricultural waste), for the extraction of cellulosic fiber, an area lacking prior scientific exploration. This fiber is being reported for the first time in the scientific community. Aloe barbadensis Miller variety was subjected to various cultivation methods, including the application of inorganic and organic fertilizers, along with the removal of lower leaves to promote stem growth. Stem fibers were extracted using the water retting method and subsequently analyzed. The moisture content was 55.35 % and 6.99 % ash content in the fibers. The bacteriostatic analysis of Aloe vera fibers was assessed against four bacterial strains, with both ethanol and water extracts showing varying degrees of inhibition zones. The UV–Visible spectrum exhibited a distinct λmax at 247 nm in ethanol, while FT-IR analysis provided characteristic peaks at 3759, 1590, 1750, 1663, 1250, 564, SEM images displayed the smooth surface morphology of the fibers, and X-ray diffraction analysis indicated a high degree of crystallinity (78.67 %), suggesting a well-structured and crystalline nature. Energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis was conducted to determine the elemental composition of the fibers, revealing the presence of carbon, oxygen, calcium, and copper, with carbon being the predominant element in cellulose. These results showed promising properties suggesting potential applications in textile industry as an alternative sustainable natural cellulosic fiber.

Background/purpose: Resin-modified glass ionomers (RMGIs) have been recommended as liner and cement to provide the teeth with mechanical support, a chemical barrier, and thermal insulation. Acemannan, the main polysaccharide extracted from Aloe vera, is a promising inductive material in vitro and in vivo. This study aimed to develop acemannan-containing bioactive resin-modified glass ionomers (RMGIs). Materials and methods: Acemannan (3%, 5%, and 10%) was added to the three types of RMGIs (RU-HBM1/Fuji II LC/Vitrebond) to generate 3%, 5%, and 10% aceRMGIs (aceRU/aceFuji/aceVB). The materials were evaluated for depth of cure/flexural strength/cumulative fluoride ion release. Cell viability and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) secretion were determined using MTT/apoptosis/necrosis assays, and ELISA kits, respectively. RMGI without acemannan were used as controls. Results: The aceRMGIs met the ISO requirements for depth of cure and flexural strength. Adding 10% acemannan increased the cumulative fluoride release in the RU and FJ groups, but slightly decreased it in the VB group (P

Plasticizers are recognized as environmental pollutants that may be associated with a range of health concerns, including impacts on growth, development, and oncogenic risks. Previous research demonstrated that prolonged exposure to di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate and its metabolite mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate contributes to chemotherapeutic drug resistance and stemness in colorectal cancer cells. Aloe vera, an herbaceous plant with a long-standing history in traditional medicine, has attracted considerable attention for its diverse pharmacological properties. This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic potential of polysaccharides extracted from Aloe vera, specifically focusing on their anticancer properties. We eluted polysaccharides from Aloe vera using water and ethanol, resulting in the fractions designated A50 and I50, respectively. We characterized their effects on cell viability, migration, invasion, stemness, and glycosylation of colorectal cancer cells exposed to phthalates. Comprehensive glycan analysis revealed that phthalate exposure induced alterations in glycosylation patterns in colorectal cancer cells. Treatment with A50 and I50 reversed these changes to varying degrees, indicating distinct regulatory roles of the two polysaccharide fractions in colorectal cancer cells subjected to phthalate exposure. A50 exhibited a dose-dependent reduction in cell viability induced by phthalates, whereas I50 demonstrated no such effect. Notably, I50 displayed a notable inhibitory effect on migration, invasion, and stemness induced by phthalates when compared with A50. The differing polysaccharide structures of A50 and I50 may account for their divergent effects on the malignancy of colorectal cancer cells. These findings underscore the potential of Aloe vera polysaccharides in anticancer therapy and highlight the necessity for further investigation into their clinical applications.

Herein the present work, aloe vera (AV) and sterculia gum (SG) based polymer network hydrogels have been designed for use in wound dressing and drug delivery (DD) applications. The hydrogels were prepared by graft copolymerization reaction of poly(2-(methacryloyloxy) ethyl trimethylammonium chloride) [poly (METAC)] onto AV and SG. Polymers were characterized by FESEM, SEM, EDS, AFM, C13 NMR, FTIR, XRD and TGA-DTG analysis. Swelling, drug delivery and biomedical properties of dressings have been evaluated. Sustained diffusion of moxifloxacin drug from dressings exhibited a non-Fickian diffusion mechanism and the release profile was best fitted in the Korsmeyer-Peppas kinetic model. Various interactions of polymers with blood and goat membranes revealed the biocompatible and mucoadhesive nature of the dressings. Hydrogel dressings were found permeable to O2 and water vapour and impermeable to microbes. Overall, these properties revealed that these hydrogels could act as suitable materials for design of wound dressings. Furthermore, antioxidant properties of AV, wound healing characteristic of SG, antibacterial properties of poly(METAC) and encapsulated moxifloxacin drug in hydrogel dressings may enhance the wound healing potential of hydrogel wound dressings (HWD).

The production of gel from Aloe vera plants is an emerging industry, however the residual leaves are considered waste and are not utilized. The purpose of this work was to prepare hydrochars from Aloe vera leaves under different conditions, and determine the fate of macro- and micronutrients in the solid products, in view of developing a novel biofertilizer. In this framework, distilled water, citric acid and potassium hydroxide solutions were used as feedwaters and the experiments were performed at the temperatures of 180 and 220 °C and treatment times of 1 – 8 h. All obtained hydrochars had increased Ca and P contents compared to the feedstock, whereas the highest Ca and P concentration of 10.4% and 7382 mg kg−1, respectively, were achieved under alkaline conditions after 8 h of treatment. Citric acid promoted carbonization, achieving H/C = 1.11, O/C = 0.34 of the hydrochar obtained at 220 °C after 8 h of treatment. The use of KOH counterbalanced the production of acids from the degradation of the biomass, thus restricting the carbonization progress. The metals K, Fe, Cu and Mg showed high solubilization tendencies, however their concentrations on the hydrochars increased beyond the 4 h treatments due to precipitation and re-sorption phenomena. The N content in the hydrochars ranged between 0.56 – 1.12%, increasing with temperature and time due to the formation and precipitation of pyridine, pyrroline and pyrrolidine derivatives. Overall, due to the high ash content, low pH and increased Ca and P concentrations, the hydrochars may be suitable as substrates for the development of bio-fertilizers purposed for alkaline soils.

Soil pollution due to heavy metal (HM) contamination has emerged as a global issue worldwide owing to their adverse impacts on plant growth. Bioremediation approaches employing living organisms for HM alleviation have gained considerable attention among scientific community. Biological agents such as plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) offer a sustainable way to restore soil health, and their combination with different organic amendments such as press mud (PM) can serve as potential approach for immobilizing HMs in soil. We performed a pot experiment to evaluate the role of individual and combined application of press mud and PGPR strain ‘FQ6’ (identified as Pseudomonas fluorescens) in the phytoremediation of different HMs (Pb, Ni and Cd) and growth promotion of aloe vera. Combined application of FQ6 strain and PM yielded more significant outcomes in terms of all the growth and yield attributes such as leaf length (123 %), plant height (57 %), number of leaves (115 %), fresh and dry weights of gel (246 and 280 %), gel contents (96 %), root length (164 %), root diameter (220 %), no. of root tips (138 %) and root area (315 %), as compared to control. Combined application of FQ6 and PM also led to a significant improvement in different antioxidant activities i.e., CAT (129 %), SOD (48 %), APX (17 %) and POD (83 %) as compared to control. Contrastingly, mobility of these HMs was reduced under combined application of Pseudomonas strain ‘FQ6’ and PM, as there existed a considerable difference between HMs concentrations in soil and plant body. We concluded that joint application of HM-tolerant Pseudomonas FQ6 strain and PM could be an ideal option to alleviate the HM induced adverse impacts on aloe vera by immobilizing them in soil, and subsequently, improving plant growth.

Introduction: This review article aims to evaluate the antibacterial efficacy of Aloe vera against Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) in comparison to other intracanal medicaments by assessing experimental in-vitro studies associated with the objective, many of which performed bacterial inoculation on extracted human teeth or directly on laboratory petri dishes. Materials & Methods: Publications from 2012 to 2022 were retrieved from databases, including PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane Library, and they were screened against our inclusion criteria, leading to the incorporation of 18 studies into the systematic review and nine into the meta-analysis. Colony-forming units (CFUs) in the Aloe vera group were compared with saline, sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), chlorhexidine (CHX), and calcium hydroxide (CaOH) using a meta-analysis (Stata software version 16.0), and forest plots were computed to record the sample size, mean and standard deviation value of the outcome CFU, and 95% confidence intervals. Results: This systematic review indicates that Aloe vera demonstrates bactericidal properties that are higher than or similar to those of saline and CaOH, but CHX, NaOCl, and propolis exhibited higher antibacterial properties against E. faecalis than Aloe vera. In a meta-analysis, Aloe vera showed a non-significantly lower CFU count than CaOH and saline (p > 0.05), while Aloe vera had a higher CFU count than CHX and NaOCl (p > 0.05). Conclusion: In summary, Aloe vera exhibits antibacterial capabilities against E. faecalis that are superior or equal to those of saline and CaOH, respectively, while CHX and NaOCl showed greater antibacterial efficacy against E. faecalis than Aloe vera (PROSPERO registration no. CRD42022314790).

This study investigates the potential of utilizing Aloe vera-assisted green synthesis with transition metal dopants of Ag and Cu for greater efficiency and sustainability in advanced scientific applications utilizing ZnO nanoparticles. Samples were prepared using the co-precipitation method, maintaining a basic pH media of 10. Aloe vera gel extract was chosen for its acclaimed role as a stabilizing and reducing agent and its proven antioxidant, antibacterial, and anticancer properties. The XRD report revealed the hexagonal Wurtzite crystal structure of nanoparticles, exhibiting a crystallite size range of 17–23 nm with substantial alterations in lattice parameters, dislocation density, and bond lengths when dopants were added. Additionally, EDX analysis confirmed the perfect doping of Ag and Cu in ZnO without any impurities. SEM analysis indicated a reduction in agglomeration, accompanied by a transition in particle morphology from columnar to globular. Additionally, the optical study showed a band gap range of 3.18–3.27 eV, confirming it to be a wide band gap semiconductor. The effect of dopants resulted in an increase in transparency and band gap, while a decrease in absorption coefficient in the visible wavelength region. With increasing temperature, a decline in electrical resistivity was noted, with co-doped nanoparticles consistently exhibiting the lowest resistivity, affirming semiconductor characteristics. Most importantly, A remarkable antibacterial efficacy was noticed at low concentrations against gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and gram-negative (Escherichia coli) bacteria. The zone of inhibition produced by nanoparticles exhibited values akin to the antibiotic control, even at substantially lower doses. This research offers a comprehensive analysis of the effects of Ag and Cu in Aloe vera-assisted green-synthesized ZnO nanoparticles, concurrently addressing their potential applications in biomedical, energy storage, and optoelectronic devices.

This study investigated the impact of Aloe barbadensis Miller (Aloe vera) juice with acemannan on postprandial metabolic markers, antioxidant status, inflammatory responses, and appetite in overweight/obese men following high-fat (HF) meal consumption. In a randomized crossover trial with 16 participants, four meal conditions were tested: (1) HF meal, (2) HF meal with A. vera juice (350 mL), (3) HF meal with A. vera juice plus 0.5 g acemannan, and (4) HF meal with A. vera juice plus 1 g acemannan. Enriching A. vera juice with 1 g acemannan significantly reduced postprandial serum triglycerides, and free fatty acids after the HF meal (p

Keeping in view the progressive future prospectus of carbohydrate research, herein, the potential of bioactive polysaccharides aloe vera (AV) and sterculia gum (SG) was explored to develop network hydrogel wound dressings. Both polysaccharides, acemannan of AV gel and glucuronic-galacturonic acid of SG accelerate wound healing process. The antibiotic drug cefuroxime encapsulated dressings were designed by graft-copolymerization with carbopol. The copolymers were characterized by SEM, AFM, FTIR, C13 NMR, XRD, TGA-DTG, DSC and swelling studies. The slow diffusion of cefuroxime drug exhibited non-Fickian mechanism and release of drug was occurred with a first order kinetic model. Polymer-bio membrane interactions indicated mucoadhesion nature. The clot formation was reduced during polymer-blood interactions indicated bio-compatible nature of the dressings moreover dressings were found antioxidant in nature. The porous dressings were O2 permeable and microbial impermeable. The hydrogel dressings revealed antimicrobial activity against P. aeruginosa. Degree of antimicrobial activity enhanced in case of hydrogel wound dressings loaded with cefuroxime. Overall, the results of these biochemical assays, sustained release of antibiotic drug and inherent wound healing potential of AV-SG indicated the use of hydrogels as dressing materials for better wound healing.

Utilizing waste resources to produce materials that lessen environmental pollution is one of the current directions for sustainable development. In this study, we discuss the potential efficacy of nanoparticles (MCM-41, Co-MCM-41, and ALV-TiO2/Co-MCM-41) in eradicating noxious benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, styrene (BTES) vapors. The nanoparticles MCM-41 and Co-MCM-41 were made using pure Nano-silica extracted from rice husk. Additionally, Aloe vera extract was used to create the nanoparticles ALV-TiO2/Co-MCM-41. The sol-gel method was used to create MCM-41, and Co-MCM-41 nanoparticles, and the doping method to prepare ALV-TiO2/Co-MCM-41 nanocomposites. The same conditions were used for all experiments and the analysis of nanoparticle structure. According to the BET results, the nanoparticles' average pore size is between 5.6 and 14.9 nm, and their specific surface areas range from 207.4 to 793.8 m2/ g. In the physical adsorption mode, the properties of prepared nanoparticles were investigated, and the results showed that all three nanoparticles have significant removal capacity for BTES gas. They showed the highest theoretical successful adsorption capacity (MCM-41: 95.85 %, Co-MCM-41: 97.35 %, and ALV-TiO2/Co-MCM-41: 100 %) in the first run. These materials' high capacity for toxic BTES vapor adsorption by the nanoparticles and highly reusable nature (up to 14 consecutive cycles) demonstrate their efficacy in the removal of toxic gases in relevant industries.

The application of antimicrobial textiles is rising rapidly because of their healthcare, comfort, and hygienic attributes. This work aimed to develop an antibacterial polyester/cotton (50/50) blended knitted fabric coated with silver nitrate (AgNO3) and a natural aloe vera gel. In the present investigation, Polyester/Cotton (50/50) blended knitted fabrics have been treated by exhaust method using various concentrations of AgNO3 such as 0.5%, 0.75%, 1.0%, and aloe vera gel 25%, 40%, and 50%, respectively. The antibacterial performance of the coated textiles has been assessed qualitatively against Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella bacteria by the standard agar diffusion technique (AATCC-147 test method). Furthermore, the effects of AgNO3 and aloe vera have been investigated in terms of tensile strength, elongation at break, and tear strength of the coated textiles. The experimental results showed that both the Aloe vera gel and AgNO3 have significant antibacterial action against Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella bacteria. However, the blended knitted fabric treated with aloe vera gel showed a superior antibacterial activity against both bacteria than fabric finished with AgNO3. The functional elements of aloe vera and AgNO3 in treated materials were investigated using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and the surface morphology is revealed using FESEM. Finally, cost analysis shows that antimicrobial polyester/cotton blended fabrics can be developed with eco-friendly aloe vera at the cheapest cost compared to expensive AgNO3

The salinity stress is an abiotic factor that limits the growth of agricultural crops. Salinity affects over 800 million hectares of worldwide land. Aloe species are xerophytes, perennial plants with succulent leaves that have a crassulaceous acid metabolism also known as CAM photosynthesis, which allows these plants to conserve water during dry periods. These species have long been known for their cosmetic and medicinal properties. The effect of salinity stress on the growth and development of three Aloe plants (Aloe vera, Aloe brevifolia, and Aloe arborescens) was investigated in this study. Aloe plants were watered for four months at four different NaCl stress (0 mM, 51 mM, 103 mM, and 155 mM). Physiologically, no significant differences were recorded in chlorophyll content nor quantitative of salt stress whereas relative water content did. Morphologically, the NaCl concentration up to a level of 51 mM on the number and thickness of leaves was not significant. However, the overall biochemical parameters (proline, sugars, and polyphenols contents) were significantly increased due to the salinity stress. The salinity tolerance is highly seen in the conservation of good water state in these species. Furthermore, Aloe brevifolia is the most salinity tolerant species compared to the other two species studied, Aloe vera and Aloe arborescens.

Background: Aloe vera L. Burman (AV) is a semi-tropical plant with many medicinal applications including wound healing, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer properties. It is used in Chinese medicine to treat diabetes, hypertension, infection, and dermatitis. The flowers of Aloe vera contain volatile compounds and ascorbic acid, the leaves are a good source of organic acids, phenols, enzymes, and minerals while the rind contains pectin, lignin, and polysaccharides. This study evaluated the total phenol, flavonoid, and tannin contents of aqueous and methanol extracts of Aloe vera as well as the reducing power and 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activities. Methods: The aqueous and methanol extracts of Aloe vera were extracted using the maceration technique. The total phenol, tannin, and total flavonoid contents of both were estimated using standard methods. The In-vitro antioxidant activities (reducing power activity and DPPH free radical scavenging activity) were also evaluated using standard methods. The EC50 and IC50 were evaluated using Non-Linear Regression. Results: Both aqueous and methanol extracts of AV revealed the presence of phenols, tannins, and flavonoids. The methanol extract produced a better-reducing power activity (EC50 = 249316 µg/ml) compared to the aqueous extract (EC50 = 463045 µg/ml) while the aqueous extract produced a better DPPH free radical scavenging activity (IC50 = 54.0 µg/ml) compared to the methanol extract (IC50 = 103.4 µg/ml). Conclusion: The reducing power and DPPH free radical scavenging activities of the two extracts are attributed to the presence of phenols, tannins, and flavonoids. It also suggests that the presence of different compounds in plants is ascribed to the solvent polarity.

Aloe vera, chitosan, and silk sericin have been investigated for their physicochemical properties as well as functional characteristics such as antibacterial, antioxidant, and UV resistance. Aloe vera was extracted by methanol as a solvent. Silk sericin was prepared from a boiled water solution of silk cocoons through ethanol precipitation, while chitosan was synthesized by deacetylation of chitin. FT-IR, TGA, DSC, EDX, UV–vis, and XRD were used to characterize the extracted Aloe vera, chitosan, and sericin. Antibacterial activity, antioxidant activity and UV protection factors were also investigated. The TGA graph revealed that the significant weight loss at 400 °C was 39%, 51%, and 52%. for Aloe vera, chitosan, and sericin, respectively. For E. coli, Aloe vera, chitosan, and silk sericin, the zones of inhibition were 2.5 mm, 3 mm, and 1 mm, respectively, whereas for S. aureus, the zones of inhibition were 4 mm, 5 mm, and 1.5 mm. The free radical scavenging activity of 10 mg/ml Aloe vera, chitosan and sericin was 93%, 53% and 52%, respectively. All three UV radiation zones were absorbed by an Aloe vera solution. Chitosan and silk sericin solution exclusively absorbed UV-C rays. These almost priceless natural resources can contribute to health-related beneficial issues.

Several species of (poly)saccharides and organic acids can be found often simultaneously in various biological matrices, e.g., fruits, plant materials, and biological fluids. The analysis of such matrices sometimes represents a challenging task. Using Aloe vera (A. vera) plant materials as an example, the performance of several spectroscopic methods (80 MHz benchtop NMR, NIR, ATR-FTIR and UV–vis) for the simultaneous analysis of quality parameters of this plant material was compared. The determined parameters include (poly)saccharides such as aloverose, fructose and glucose as well as organic acids (malic, lactic, citric, isocitric, acetic, fumaric, benzoic and sorbic acids). 500 MHz NMR and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were used as the reference methods.UV–vis data can be used only for identification of added preservatives (benzoic and sorbic acids) and drying agent (maltodextrin) and semiquantitative analysis of malic acid. NIR and MIR spectroscopies combined with multivariate regression can deliver more informative overview of A. vera extracts being able to additionally quantify glucose, aloverose, citric, isocitric, malic, lactic acids and fructose. Low-field NMR measurements can be used for the quantification of aloverose, glucose, malic, lactic, acetic, and benzoic acids. The benchtop NMR method was successfully validated in terms of robustness, stability, precision, reproducibility and limit of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ), respectively.All spectroscopic techniques are useful for the screening of (poly)saccharides and organic acids in plant extracts and should be applied according to its availability as well as information and confidence required for the specific analytical goal. Benchtop NMR spectroscopy seems to be the most feasible solution for quality control of A. vera products.

Background: Vitiligo is a condition that causes a patchy loss of skin pigmentation. The Aloe Vera plant has been used to treat a wide range of ailments, including skin diseases; however, little is known about its effectiveness in vitiligo. This study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of natural Aloe Vera in stable vitiligo. Methods: A retrospective review of medical records was conducted on vitiligo patients who recommended natural Aloe Vera between July 2021 and August 2022. All patients were advised to apply natural Aloe Vera leaf pulp thrice daily for 6 months, along with sunlight exposure. Efficacy was measured as the proportion of patients achieving ≥75% re-pigmentation of the target lesion at the end of 24 weeks, which constituted a ''good response,'' while 50% or higher re-pigmentation constituted a ''better response.'' The extent of re-pigmentation was assessed as per the protocol and graded from 0 to 5. Safety was assessed as the proportion of patients reporting ≥1 adverse event at 24 weeks. Results: The results revealed that 19 (86.3%) patients responded positively after receiving 3 months of treatment: 4 patients repigmented 50–74%, 8 patients repigmented 25–49%, 7 patients repigmented 1–24%, and 3 patients didn't repigment at all. After completion of 6 months of therapy, 3 patients repigmented 75–99%, 4 patients repigmented 50–74%, 10 patients repigmented 25–49%, 2 patients repigmented 1–24%, and 3 patients didn't show any change in re-pigmentation. Only 2 (9%) patients showed 90% re-pigmentation (grade 6) at the end of the study. Stinging or burning sensations and pruritus were experienced by 3 patients within the first week of treatment. Conclusion: Natural Aloe Vera was found to be safe and fairly effective in the treatment of stable vitiligo. However, randomized controlled trials with larger sample size are recommended to verify the efficacy and safety of Aloe Vera in the treatment of vitiligo.

Background: The emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) microorganisms is one of the biggest and most challenging public health issues drawing considerable attention of the scientific community. Here, we present an easy, one-step, inexpensive and ecofriendly/biologically mediated synthesis of Aloe vera-conjugated silver nanoparticles (Av-AgNPs) where the aqueous plant extract acts as a reducing and stabilizing agent and the resultant conjugate exhibits remarkable potential to limit/inhibit the growth of MDR pathogens. Results: The nanosynthesis concluded in 4–6 h at 65°C and was followed by detailed characterization of the bioconjugated Av-AgNPs (with and without fabrication on cellulosic materials i.e., cotton fabric and filter paper) using a combination of UV–visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), x-ray diffraction (XRD) and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). The so-characterized NPs showed growth inhibitory effects on multiple strains including the Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus, Gram-negative Escherichia coli (E. coli), Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. pseudomonas) and, more importantly, the fungus Candida albicans (C. albicans), when analyzed using the Kirby-Bauer method. A notable reduction in the colony-forming unit (CFU) counts of the E. coli (present in contaminated drinking water) was also observed when the filter paper encrusted with Av-AgNPs was applied as a filtration material. Conclusions: In conclusion, the biofabricated Av-AgNPs are easy to synthesize and are a cost-effective alternative to inorganic AgNPs, with considerable antimicrobial activity, deserving further investigations for biomedical applications.How to cite: Arshad H, Saleem M, Pasha U, et al. Synthesis of Aloe vera-conjugated silver nanoparticles for use against multidrug-resistant microorganisms. Electron J Biotechnol 2022;55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejbt.2021.11.003

Macromolecule hydrogels made from natural extracts have received much attention because of their favorable biocompatibility and wound healing properties. However, their clinical applications are limited by their insufficient mechanical strength and low adhesion properties. To overcome these limitations, we developed a novel injectable Aloe vera hydrogel (PDMA-GelMA@AV). By integrating gelatin methacrylate (GelMA) and polydopamine methacrylamide (PDMA), we significantly improved the mechanical and adhesion properties of the hydrogel. The PDMA-GelMA@AV hydrogel degraded in a simulated wound environment, which was synchronized with the sustained release of the bioactive components of A. vera. In vitro and in vivo analyses revealed that this hydrogel has good biocompatibility. In vitro studies also revealed that the sustained release of the active ingredients of A. vera promoted fibroblast proliferation and migration and increased the expression of key proteins and mRNAs required for wound healing. In addition, it modulated LPS-stimulated macrophages and decreased the expression of TNF-α, IL-1β and iNOS while increasing the expression of TGF-β and ARG. In vivo experiments further confirmed the efficacy of hydrogels in wound healing applications. These findings offer a novel perspective on the application of natural macromolecules as hydrogel-based delivery vehicles in wound care., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that there are no financial, commercial, or personal conflicts of interest that could influence the research results. All funding sources have been disclosed. Any relevant conflicts of interest are disclosed in this statement. We ensure the independence and objectivity of the research., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

This study aimed to enhance the properties of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) for use as biocompatible facial masks. To achieve this, nanofibers were developed by blending PVP with cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) and Aloe vera (AV) powder using electrospinning. The results showed that incorporating CNFs and AV into the PVP matrix led to the formation of smooth and uniform nanofibers. In particular, adding 3-6 wt% AV powder in PVP/CNF composites improved fiber diameter distribution and uniformity compared to pure PVP. The PVP/CNF/AV nanofibers exhibited desirable properties for facial mask applications. They displayed 86-93 % porosity, which allowed for efficient moisture absorption capacity of up to 1829 %, and excellent water vapor permeability rate of 3.92 g/m 2 h. The mechanical properties of the electrospun nanofiber composites were evaluated through tensile testing. The results showed that Young's modulus values decreased progressively with the addition of CNFs and AV powder to the PVP polymer matrix, indicating a plasticizing effect that enhances flexibility. The fracture strain remained similar across all composites, suggesting that CNFs and AV did not significantly weaken the PVP matrix. The tensile strength initially increased with CNF addition but decreased with incremental AV loading. Biocompatibility studies revealed that all nanofibers exhibited excellent fibroblast viability, surpassing 98 %. This indicates that incorporating CNFs and AV did not compromise cell viability, further highlighting the suitability of the PVP/CNF/AV composites for facial mask applications., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

This study used hot-injection and ice-water bath methods to air-synthesize perovskite CsPbBr3 quantum dots (QDs-CsPbBr3) doped with aloe vera plant (AV-P). The addition of AV-P does not change the microscopic reorganization of QDs-CsPbBr3, and still maintain the cubic lattice structure. The pristine QDs-CsPbBr3 and AV-P:QDs-CsPbBr3 films, where narrow photoluminescence (PL) bandwidths of 24.88 and 22.65 nm as well as emission peaks at 524 and 521.6 nm, respectively, can be seen, indicating that AV-P:QDs-CsPbBr3 possessed good size monodispersity, high crystallinity and high PL quantum yield (56%) after adding AV-P. In terms of device characteristics, the maximum luminance of 2502 and 3161 cd m−2 achieved in the pristine QDs-CsPbBr3 and AV-P:QDs-CsPbBr3 quantum-dot light-emitting diodes (QDLEDs), respectively, at voltages of 6.5 V and 6 V. Obviously, compared with that of the pristine QDs-CsPbBr3 QDLED, it can be found that the AV-P:QDs-CsPbBr3 QDLED exhibited 26.3% enhancements in the luminance. In addition, AV-P:QDs-CsPbBr3 QDLED displays a turn-on voltage of 3 V and an external quantum efficiency of 0.31%.

Growing consumer awareness of the importance of environmentally friendly products has resulted in the development of a number of substitutes for synthetic polymers. The starch-based film is one of the best alternatives; it is a cost-effective material that has been investigated as an excellent raw material for the production of a biodegradable film. Additionally, the development of starch-based films for use as antimicrobial packaging or coating is one of the most promising active packaging systems. Recently, interest in using aloe vera as an organic antimicrobial agent derived from plants has risen significantly. Due to its film-forming properties, antimicrobial properties, and biochemical properties, aloe vera gel has been identified as one of the best biodegradable films. Aloe vera rind also contributes to the film's exceptional properties. This review article summarises and discusses the film formation and properties of aloe vera-based starch-based films, including their physical, thermal, mechanical, antimicrobial, and physiochemical properties.

Dyslipidemia is a common feature of type 2 diabetes mellitus and is characterised by elevated triglyceride, decreased HDL cholesterol, and increased small dense LDL cholesterol levels. The underlying causes appears to be associated with insulin resistance, increased free fatty acid reflux, and low-grade inflammation, resulting in increased hepatic lipogenesis, and altered lipoprotein metabolism. Improved glycaemic control has been shown to have a positive effect on lipoprotein levels in diabetics. This can be achieved through medications/therapeutics and life style changes. Several classes of pharmacologic agents are currently in use to treat dyslipidemia. However, they may have dangerous long-term side effects, including an increased risk of liver dysfunction, weight gain, and cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, stronger alternatives with fewer side effects are required to reduce the diabetes associated complications. Many secondary plant metabolites have been shown to improve glucose homeostasis and lower lipid levels. Aloe vera and its constituents have long been used in a traditional medicine system for a diverse range of biological activities, including hypoglycaemic, antioxidant, anticarcinogenic, anti-inflammatory, and wound healing effects through various mechanisms and they have been covered well in literature. However, studies on the potential role of Aloe vera in the treatment of diabetic dyslipidemia are scanty. Therefore, in this systematic review, we focussed on the potential effect of Aloe vera and its active components in alleviating diabetic dyslipidemia, as well as their mechanism of action in pre-clinical and clinical studies.

Background: Fat-rich diets are believed to induce obesity and contribute to the development of diabetes and cardiovascular disease in contrast high fructose diet was reported to increase gut surface area and enhance nutrient uptake resulting in weight gain. The study investigated the role of Aloe vera supplementation on oxidative stress, lipid profiles, and liver histology in high fat and fructose diet-fed mice. Methodology: Twenty mice were distributed into four groups (n = 5). The groups received a regular diet, high fat and fructose diet (HFFD), HFFD plus 10% Aloe vera (HFFD+AV1), and HFFD plus 20% Aloe vera (HFFD+AV2) respectively, for 10 weeks. Lipid profile and liver function were evaluated from the serum, antioxidant activities were evaluated from liver homogenate while the liver was processed for light microscopy. Results: The cholesterol level of HFFD+AV treated mice was significantly lower compared to HFFD treated mice. The alanine aminotransferase (ALT) level was significantly increased in HFFD-treated mice relative to the control. Aloe vera significantly improves albumin level plus superoxide dismutase and catalase activities of HFFD treated mice. The liver tissues of control and HFFD+AV2 treated mice showed normal hepatocytes. Conclusion: The study suggests that Aloe vera supplementation could prevent HFFD-induced oxidative stress and dyslipidemia. These findings might be used for further research on food supplementation to control metabolic disorders.

The objective of present study was to investigate the effect of incorporation of varying concentrations (2% to 14%) of Tragacanth gum (TG) to alginate/aloe vera composite films to enhance their functional properties. The resulting films were investigated for their mechanical, barrier, optical properties and biodegradability. The WVP, swelling capacity and thickness of films increased significantly by the addition of TG while film solubility was dropped at higher concentration of TG. It was observed that TG acted as an efficient reinforcing agent for enhancing the strength and flexibility of the films. The tensile strength (TS) of films increased more than threefold as compared to control, reaching a maximum value 67.64 N/mm2at 12% concentration of TG. Colour properties were affected by the addition of TG as the higher the concentration, the darker the films.

The study was aimed at developing a bioactive edible film for improving the lipid-stability of ice-cream and frozen dairy products during storage using Aloe vera as a bioactive ingredient. Kulfi, a popular Indian ice-cream, was used as a food model system. The optimized film (1.5% w/v carrageenan and 14% w/v glycerol) was incorporated with different levels of A. vera (9, 12 and 15% w/v) and used to pack the kulfi samples during six-month frozen storage (-18°C). While density (g/mL) and thickness (mm) of the film increased, the transmittance (%), water-vapour transmission rate (mg/m2t) and lightness (L*) values decreased with concentration of A. vera. The A. vera films showed antimicrobial properties against Escherichia coli. The kulfi samples packaged in A. vera films showed significantly lower values for lipid-oxidation [thiobarbituric acid reacting substances (TBARS), free-fatty acids (FFA) and peroxide values (PV)] and microbial counts (psychrophilic and yeast/moulds) which were reflected in their sensory quality during entire storage period. The highest values for TBARS, FFA and PV were observed for control samples (1.0 mg malondialdehyde/kg, 0.80% and 1.99 meg/kg, respectively) and lowest for samples packaged in films containing 15% A. vera (0.61 mg malondialdehyde/kg, 0.47% and 1.34 meg/kg, respectively) on day 180.

ABSTRACT: In fruit processing industry, edible coatings/films are usually applied on various fruits to provide protection against microorganisms and to regulate various biological functions of the fruit. The current research in this domain is more focused on exploring naturally occurring bioactive materials to develop active edible coatings that can offer an extended functionality than just providing barrier properties. Therefore, here we report the application of aloe vera gel-based edible coatings, either as standalone or in combination with lemongrass essential oil to enhance the shelf life of the soft date fruit variety (as soft dates are usually more prone to spoilage). The pure aloe vera gel coatings were aqueous mixtures of 25% aloe vera gel; whereas, nanoemulsion-based coatings of lemongrass essential oil (1-5%) and aloe vera gel (25% aqueous mixture) were prepared through a high-pressure homogenizer. After preliminary physicochemical characterization of the prepared coating mixtures, the date fruit samples were dipped in coating mixtures, dried, and then stored at room temperature for 4 weeks. The analyses of date fruits during the storage revealed that the applied coatings did help in retention of physicochemical attributes (e.g., moisture, texture, and pH) and also significantly prevented microbial growth. More specifically, the nanoemulsions based coatings of lemongrass essential oil (up to 3%) and aloe vera gel exhibited excellent antifungal properties, which is quite remarkable as the date fruits are usually more susceptible to fungal growth than the bacterial growth. Based on these findings, the date fruit processing industry can utilize these natural antimicrobial coatings for the shelf life extension of date fruits.

Background: Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) treatments are growing in popularity as alternative treatments for common skin conditions. Objectives: To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the tolerability and treatment response to CAM treatments in acne, atopic dermatitis (AD), and psoriasis. Methods: PubMed/Medline and Embase databases were searched to identify eligible studies measuring the effects of CAM in acne, AD, and psoriasis. Effect size with 95% confidence interval (CI) was estimated using the random-effect model. Results: The search yielded 417 articles; 40 studies met the inclusion criteria. The quantitative results of CAM treatment showed a standard mean difference (SMD) of 3.78 (95% CI [−0.01, 7.57]) and 0.58 (95% CI [−6.99, 8.15]) in the acne total lesion count, a SMD of −0.70 (95% CI [−1.19, −0.21]) in the eczema area and severity index score and a SMD of 0.94 (95% CI [−0.83, 2.71]) in the scoring of atopic dermatitis score for AD, and a SMD of 3.04 (95% CI [−0.35, 6.43]) and 5.16 (95% CI [−0.52, 10.85]) in the Psoriasis Area Severity Index score for psoriasis. Limitations: Differences between the study designs, sample sizes, outcome measures, and treatment durations limit the generalizability of data. Conclusions: Based on our quantitative findings we conclude that there is insufficient evidence to support the efficacy and the recommendation of CAM for acne, AD, and psoriasis.

Hydroxyanthracene derivatives (HAD) are naturally present in the latex layer of Aloe vera leaf, predominantly as aloins A, B and aloe-emodin. HAD are typically removed from commercial ingestible aloe products through activated charcoal filtration (decolorization). Current research aimed to evaluate genotoxic potential of a purified aloe whole leaf dry juice containing 0.3 ppm of total aloins and non-detectable aloe-emodin (LOD =0.01 ppm) in the L5178Y mouse lymphoma assay (MLA; OECD 490) and in vivo comet assay (OECD 489). No marked increases in mutant frequency at the tk locus were observed in the MLA at concentrations up to 5000 μg/mL for 3 h and 24 h (-S9), and up to a precipitating concentration of 3000 μg/mL for 3 h (+S9) compared to concurrent vehicle control. Relative total growth at the highest analyzable concentrations at 3 h (±S9) and 24 h (-S9) ranged from 64 to 133 %. In the comet assay, no statistically significant increases in DNA strand breaks were detected in the colon or kidney following oral gavage of 500, 1000 or 2000 mg/kg/day in male F344 rats for 2 days compared to concurrent vehicle control. Overall, these findings demonstrated the test article containing minimal HAD is not genotoxic under the described experimental conditions.

ABSTRACT: This study was aimed to assess the impacts of aloe vera (AV) and clove (Cv) powder supplementation on growth performance, carcass quality, blood biochemistry, and hematology of Japanese quails and studying the possibility of using them as alternatives to antibiotics growth promotors as a natural safe products. Four hundred, 7-d old mixed sex chicks were divided into 4 groups of 5 replicates 20 birds per replicate including (10 males and 10 females). Birds in the control group (T1) were fed a diet containing Enramycin (0.02%) as an antibiotic growth promoter (AGP), while T2, T3 and T4, birds were supplemented with AV leaf powder, Cv powder and mixture of both at 0.5, 0.5 and 0.25 + 0.25% of feed, respectively. Results showed that total feed intake in all supplemented groups were significantly (P < 0.05) higher than T1. Weight gain and feed conversion ratio were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in T4 while T2 and T3 were better (P < 0.05) than T1. Breast yield and carcass weight were the highest (P < 0.05) in T4 while T2 and T3 were significantly better than T1. High density lipoprotein was highest (P < 0.05) in T4 whereas T2 and T3 showed higher value than T1. Blood cholesterol and serum enzymes (ALT, AST and ALP) values were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in Tl and lower in T4. The highest hemoglobin level was observed in T4. White blood cells were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in T3 and T4. No significant difference was observed in, red blood cells, serum total protein, calcium and phosphorous level, packed cell volume, neutrophils, lymphocyte, monocyte, and eosinophil. It is concluded from this experiment that AV and Cv supplementation improved breast yield and carcass weight without any harmful effect on the liver and blood biochemistry. This showed that the supplementation of AV and Cv powder can improve growth performance and it can work as an alternative of AGP.

Background/purpose: Acemannan is an osteoinductive material. This study's objective was to compare the outcomes of bone defect healing using 3-dimensional images after apical surgery with or without adding acemannan sponges. Materials and methods: Twenty-two anterior teeth from 9 males and 13 females requiring apical surgery were included in this randomized controlled trial. Post-surgery, the bone defects were randomly divided into three groups: blood clot control, 5-, or 10-mg acemannan sponge groups. CBCT scans were taken immediately (baseline), 3-, 6-, and 12-month post-surgery. Sagittal serial sections (1 mm thick slices parallel to the long axis of the tooth) of the defect image were created. The defect boundary was located and the total bone defect volume (BDV) was calculated from the sum of the volume of the serial defect sections. The bone healing was assessed by the percentage of total bone defect volume reduction (%ΔBDV). The paired t-test and one-way ANOVA were used to analyze the differences within each group and between groups, respectively. Results: The baseline mean BDV of the control, 5-, and 10-mg acemannan groups were not significantly different (p > 0.05). After treatment, the mean BDV for each group was reduced in a time-dependent manner. Compared with the control group, the 5- and 10-mg acemannan groups had a significantly greater %ΔBDV (approximately 2- and 1.89-fold) at 3-months post-surgery, respectively (p

Aloe vera (L.) Burm.f. is widely used as laxative drugs, cosmetics, and functional food due to a variety of therapeutic effects. However, several studies indicated a colonic carcinogenic activity of Aloe vera. But the underline mechanism has not been well clarified. This study aimed to explore the potential mechanism at the post-transcriptional level. Identification of Differential Expressed Alternative Splicing (DEAS) genes and events and the corresponding functional enrichment analyses were conducted on RKO cells after treated with Aloe vera aqueous extract and its two active components, aloin and aloesin. And RT-qPCR was conducted for validation. Results indicated that they induced 2200, 2342 and 2133 DEAS events, respectively. The GO enrichment and the COG classification results of DEAS genes showed that they were associated with transcription, as well as functions like signal transduction mechanisms. Moreover, DEAS genes related to the two colorectal cancerous pathways, Wnt and Notch pathways, were annotated. In conclusion, aloe extract, aloin and aloesin significantly regulated the DEAS profile of RKO cells. The colonic carcinogenicity of Aloe vera may due to its post-transcriptional regulatory activity through Alternative Splicing (AS) on genes, especially on Wnt-related and Notch-related key genes.

This study aimed to investigate the hypolipidemic effect and mechanism of aqueous extract of Lindera aggregate leaves and Aloe vera (AqLL-A) in mice. Chemical profile of AqLL-A, serum/hepatic lipid profiles, and fecal TG were measured. The major components of AqLL-A related to hyperlipidemia, quercitrin and aloin were confirmed by HPLC. AqLL-A reduced serum/hepatic lipids, while elevated serum HDL, APOA1, fecal TG levels in hyperlipidemia mice. Furthermore, 20 potential biomarkers were detected by UPLC-QTOF/MS, and all of them were approached to a normal-like level after treatment of AqLL-A. Network pharmacology combined with metabolomics elucidate the related pathways involved in hyperlipidemia. The experimental validation indicated the differential expressions of CYP7A1, ACAT and HMGCR contribute to the hypolipidemic mechanism of AqLL-A. These results suggested that AqLL-A alleviated hyperlipidemia effectively, it might play synergistic therapeutic efficacies through regulating metabolic profiles and related signaling pathway.

In our work, we report the fabrication of novel aloe vera acemannan polysaccharides mediated green synthesized titanium dioxide nanorods loaded resveratrol drug incorporated poly vinyl alcohol nanofibers against A431 skin cancer cells. An innovative approach using RSM Box-Behnken design showed an R2 value of 97.23, 90.69 and 90.1 for fiber diameter, porosity and pore size demonstrating a good fitting for the experimental values observed. The composite nanofibers were characterized through SEM, XRD and FT-IR analysis. Cell viability percentage of about 37.2% at 500 µg/ml and a good zone of inhibition around 7.5 ± 0.5 mm and 5.4 ± 0.4 mm for S. aureus and P. aeruginosa respectively was observed for our PVA+TNR+RSV nanofibers. An effective scavenging of reactive oxygen species was confirmed from our DCFH-DA assay through real time fluorescence spectroscopy study. Thus, the acemannan carbohydrate polysaccharides adhered nano-composite fibrous scaffold proves to be a potent transdermal patch for melanoma applications.

Background: Diabetic wounds are characterized by delayed healing and impaired angiogenesis. Aloe vera and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) are reported to facilitate wound healing, and the former also has hypoglycemic property. Matrix metalloproteinases are enzymes that play a role in diabetic wound pathogenesis. Objective: To investigate whether oral Aloe vera can enhance the efficacy of HUVEC transplantation and inhibit the expression of matrix metalloproteinases in wound healing of diabetic mice. Materials and methods: BALB/c nude mice were randomly assigned into five groups: normal control group, diabetic group (DM), DM transplanted with HUVECs, DM treated with oral Aloe vera, and DM treated with combined HUVECs and oral Aloe vera. Diabetes was induced by streptozotocin. Bilateral full-thickness excision cutaneous wounds were created. At days 7 and 14 post-wounding, the following parameters were determined: blood glucose, wound area, wound perfusion, capillary vascularity, re-epithelialization rate and tissue VEGF levels. Tissue expressions of MMP-2 and MMP-9 were compared between the DM mice and those treated with oral Aloe vera. Results: Over days 7 and 14, Aloe vera exerted glucose-lowering effect in diabetic mice. Higher wound closure rate, blood flow and capillary vascularity, and lower MMP-2 and MMP-9 expressions were observed at both time points in DM treated with Aloe vera group compared with DM group (P < 0.05). Moreover, combined therapy of HUVECs and oral Aloe vera was more effective than Aloe vera or HUVECs alone in increasing VEGF levels, capillary vascularity and wound perfusion. Blood glucose levels were negatively correlated with angiogenesis (P = 0.000. Conclusion: It is suggested that oral Aloe vera enhances the efficacy of HUVEC transplantation on diabetic wound angiogenesis, partly through improving glycemic control. Oral Aloe vera also promotes diabetic wound healing via inhibition of MMP-2 and MMP-9 expressions.

The Wilderness Medical Society convened an expert panel to develop a set of evidence-based guidelines for the prevention and treatment of frostbite. We present a review of pertinent pathophysiology. We then discuss primary and secondary prevention measures and therapeutic management. Recommendations are made regarding each treatment and its role in management. These recommendations are graded on the basis of the quality of supporting evidence and balance between the benefits and risks or burdens for each modality according to methodology stipulated by the American College of Chest Physicians. This is an updated version of the guidelines published in 2019.

This article presents dataset on agromorphogenic traits of Aloe vera treated by foliar application of Zn (zinc) and vermicompost. Data from yield and yield related characters with morphological traits were collected to assess the effect of vermicompost and Zn. The data showed in this dataset article contained 17 agronomic and morphological traits. The collected data were analyzed using excel, statistix 10.0 and STAR software. The analyzed data presented with the help of ANOVA (analysis of variance), mean comparison, correlation co-efficient and principal component analysis (PCA). Data of microclimate, correlation co-efficient and biplot distribution of principal components were presented graphically. The aim of the article is to ensure the data easily accessible and as a brief source of agricultural management information for crop development and production for researcher.

Among of the actual challenges for the sustainable aquaculture development are to lower the trophic level of the cultured species, and to increase the use of by-products from the primary sector. The golden mullet (Liza aurata) is a marine low trophic level consumer present in the Mediterranean and in the Canary Islands, where there was a significant consumption in the past. On the other hand, Aloe vera plant, which production in Canary Islands is highly world representative, contains more than 70 biologically active components which have aroused the interest for its use in aquaculture, although the enormous quantity of the generated by-products has no use at all, and has never been tested for aquaculture purposes. The objective of this study was to run the first controlled feeding test with Liza aurata in the Canary Islands, as a target species to promote its cultivation, and to evaluate the use of pure Canarian Aloe vera against different levels of the by-product, to determine the effects in growth, health, and quality parameters. Therefore, 5 diets were formulated to contain 0% of aloe inclusion (diet control), 2% of pure form of aloe (diet P2), and 2, 4 and 6% of aloe by-product (diets BP2, BP4 and BP6). At 91 days of feeding, growth, proximal and fatty acid composition of liver, muscle and whole body, serum lysozyme, serum antibacterial activity, and malonaldheyde content of liver and whole body, were measured. According to obtained results, up to 6% of the aloe by-product could be included in diets for this species, without any rejections in growth or quality parameters, although no improved results compared to the control fish could be observed. Further studies are on the way to determine the sustainability and bioeconomic impact of present results, to gain knowledge on their direct industrial applications.

In the present investigation, attempts were made to increase the storage stability of Aloe vera synbiotic lassi (ASL) by adding different stabilizers HMP (High Methoxy Pectin) and CMC (Carboxy Methyl Cellulose), and copper as an anti-microbial agent. Addition of HMP increased pH and apparent viscosity, decreased acidity and serum separation, and improved the consistency and sensory attributes. Addition of CMC increased whey syneresis, and decreased viscosity and sensory attributes. Considering the physico-chemical and sensory attributes, addition of HMP (0.3 g/100 g ASL) was found suitable for its addition in ASL. Copper was added at 2.5 and 5 mg/kg level of ASL. Copper addition significantly (p

This study evaluated the effects of dietary Allium sativum and Aloe vera polysaccharides mixtures on growth performance, feed utilization, hematological parameters, resistance against low water pH, and whole body composition of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) juveniles. Fish were divided into 5 triplicate groups before being fed diets supplemented with 0% (control), 0.5%, 1.0%, 2.0% and 4.0% A. vera and A. sativum polysaccharides mixture /kg diet (1:1 proportion). Fish fed 1.0% and 0.5% A. vera-A. sativum mixture supplemented diet had a significant increase (P < 0.05) in growth compared to unsupplemented ones, and those fed 2.0% and 4.0%. Similarly, among dietary groups, feed utilization indices were significantly improved (P < 0.05) in fish fed 1.0% A. vera-A. sativum mixture supplemented diet when compared to unsupplemented ones, and those fed 2.0% and 4.0%. The optimum dietary A. vera-A. sativum mixture inclusion level was estimated to range between 0.66% and 0.8%. Overall, A. vera-A. sativum mixture extracts had improved hematological indices when compared to unsupplemented fish. Fish fed 1.0% A. vera-A. sativum mixture had the highest survival probability throughout the low water pH (5.0 – 57) challenge period. Moreover, fish fed diets supplemented with 1.0%, 2.0%, and 4.0% A. vera-A. sativum mixture had significantly lower lipid content (P < 0.05) among the various groups. To fully optimize these extracts as dietary supplement in aquaculture, further similar and extended studies are deemed important.

The profile of consumers has changed over the years, and the number of people who have adhered to the vegan and vegetarian lifestyle, focused on the consumption, and use of plant-based products, has increased considerably including the use of products for wound care. A wound is a type of injury that occurs on healthy skin and the recovery process can represent a health concern worldwide. The materials used for topical application play an important and crucial role in the process of rapid healing and protection. The development of healing materials with good properties and meet the new demands of the consumer market is a major challenge for the pharmaceutical industry. Plant-based mucilage for topical application as dressing or cream to wound healing can offer an alternative for these diverse consumers and thus has received great attention in recent decades. This approach is an ecologically correct concept that maintains a moist environment, minimizes healing time, and reduces (or considerably prevents) infections. This review highlights plant-based mucilage that may or may not form a film (used as a dressing or a cream) and can be used for topical application due to demonstrated anti-inflammatory or healing properties. In this text, we focus only on plant-based mucilage from Abelmoschus esculentus, Aloe vera, Linum usitatissimum, Pereskia aculeata, and Salvia hispânica L. which can be used to match the requirements of minimalist; vegan, vegetarian, or plant-based; and sustainable and agroecological lifestyles.

The highly contagious nature of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) virus has created a havoc effect all over the world in a very short period. The most effective method for precaution of this virus as suggested by WHO is use of PPEs (triple layered face mask, body suits) and social distancing. However, the frontline doctors and medical staff have high risk of exposure to the virus during treatments and removal and discarding of the PPEs. Also the PPEs are of the onetime use and wearing these PPEs in hot and humid seasons is very uncomfortable. A possible solution of this problem is if clothes are anti-bacterial and anti-viral in nature, one single-layered will be sufficient and the spread of virus will also be minimized. Considering this, we have designed a facile and durable anti-wash antimicrobial coating on cloth by aloe vera and hexadecyltrimethoxysilane (HDTMS). In lab scale study, present coating shows good chemical and thermal stability making it reusable multiple times even after repeated washing. The coated cloth reveals the excellent anti-dirt and stain resistance properties leading to complete non-adherence of dirt and stain (e.g. Color, food, ink) on it. Anti-bacterial and anti-fungi properties of the coated cloth were confirmed by doing E. coli (bacteria) and A. Niger (fungus) culture studies, respectively. This coating is imbibed with well-known anti-viral agent aloe vera which inhibits the attachment of the virus on the surface. The water-repellent nature of the coating combined with the use anti-viral agent, aloe vera makes it a potential anti-COVID-19 coating.

This study investigates the impact of water and salinity stress on Aloe vera, focusing on the role of Aloe vera polysaccharides in mitigating these stresses. Pectins and acemannan were the most affected polymers. Low soil moisture and high salinity (NaCl 80 mM) increased pectic substances, altering rhamnogalacturonan type I in Aloe vera gel. Aloe vera pectins maintained a consistent 60 % methyl-esterification regardless of conditions. Interestingly, acemannan content rose with salinity, particularly under low moisture, accompanied by 90 to 150 % acetylation increase. These changes improved the functionality of Aloe vera polysaccharides: pectins increased cell wall reinforcement and interactions, while highly acetylated acemannan retained water for sustained plant functions. This study highlights the crucial role of Aloe vera polysaccharides in enhancing plant resilience to water and salinity stress, leading to improved functional properties., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

In recent years, there increment demand for healthier food options that can replace high-fat ingredients in bakery products without compromising their taste and texture. This research was focused on a formulation study of the blend of nano polysaccharides derived from aloe vera and guar gum at various concentrations. This study selected the blend concentration of 1 % aloe vera mucilage (AM) and 1 % guar gum (GG) due to its optimal gelling properties. Different magnetic stirring time durations were employed to formulate AGB (aloe vera guar gum blend). The particle size of AGB revealed the lowest nanoparticle size (761.03 ± 62 nm) with a stirring time of 4 h. The FTIR analysis found the presence of monomer sugars in AGB nano polysaccharide powder such as mannose, arabinose, and glucose. The thermogram results displayed an endothermic peak for all samples with a glass transition temperature (Tg) between 16 and 50 °C. The SEM image of the AGB indicated uniform spherical particles. The AGB powder exhibited good functional properties. The antimicrobial activity of AGB powder against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans was 22.32 ± 0.02, 21.56 ± 0.02, and 19.33 ± 0.33 mm, respectively. Furthermore, the effects of different levels of vegetable fat replacement with AGB powder on cake sensory properties, thermal stability, and texture characteristics were also examined. Notably, the cake containing a 50 % substitution of vegetable fat with AGB (C50) supplied desirable physicochemical, textural, and sensory properties. These results can provide advantages for the development of fat replacers in bakery products., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Recently, various innovative advancements have been made in carbohydrate research to design versatile materials for biomedical applications. The current research focuses on the development of copolymeric hydrogel wound dressings (HWD) using a combination of aloe vera (AV) - sterculia gum (SG) - poly (vinylsulfonic acid) (VSA)-based with the aim to enhancing their efficacy in drug delivery (DD) applications. These hydrogel dressings were encapsulated with levofloxacin and lidocaine to address both microbial infection and pain. Copolymers were characterized by FESEM, SEM, EDS, AFM, 13 C NMR, FTIR, XRD, and TGA-DTG analysis. Hydrogel exhibited a fluid absorption capacity of 4.52 ± 0.12 g per gram of polymeric dressing in simulated wound conditions. The hydrogels displayed a sustained release of drugs, demonstrating a non-Fickian diffusion mechanism. Polymer dressings revealed antibacterial, mucoadhesive, antioxidant, biocompatible and non-cytotoxic properties. Additionally, HWD displayed permeability to O 2 and water vapour, yet was impermeable to microbial penetration. Overall, the findings of physiological, biochemical and drug delivery properties demonstrated the suitability of materials for wound dressing applications., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Diabetic wounds are major issues in patients with diabetes. Medicinal plants of Teucrium polium and Aloe vera have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties that may be profitable for diabetic patients. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of co-administration of ointments prepared from Teucrium polium hydroethanolic extract (TPEO) and Aloe vera gel (AVGO) on excisional wound healing in a diabetic mouse model. Following the induction of diabetes and circular excisional wound (7 mm), the mice were divided into six groups, namely (Ⅰ) control mice treated with mupirocin (as a standard drug), (Ⅱ and Ⅲ) the mice treated with 5 and 10 % TPEO, (Ⅳ and Ⅴ) the mice treated with 5 and 10 % AVGO, and (Ⅵ) the mice treated with a combination of 5% TPEO and 5% AVGO (TPEO+AVGO). To investigate the wound area, we further evaluated the wound area ratio, histological analysis and the serum levels of tissue antioxidant capacity (TAC) and malondialdehyde (MDA), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β), immunohistochemistry staining for vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1), glucose transporter-1(GLUT-1) and collagen type 1 and mRNA expression levels for VEGF, IGF-1, GLUT-1 and fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2). The results showed that administration of the ointments, especially in combination form, shortened the inflammatory phase and reduced the levels of tissue MDA, TNF-α and IL-1β compared to mupirocin group (P

Background: There have been antidiabetic claims for Aloe vera (AG) Barbadensis Mill. gel and infusion of Cnidoscolus chayamansa (CC) McVaugh. Objectives: To determine if the ingestion of total process AG concentrated 5:1 (TA), AG, CC or placebo can reduce hyperglycemia in women with early metabolic syndrome (EMS). Methods: One hundred-twenty five women from two outpatient university clinics were randomly assigned to a three assay double-blind crossover procedure. Subjects were adult women with EMS by ATP III criteria assigned to assay 1: AG&CC vs P1&P2; assay 2: AG&P2 vs P1&CC; or assay 3: TA vs P3. All assays included the ingestion of one, then zero (washout period), then two gelatins/day, for 4, 1, 4 weeks, respectively. The expected outcome was an HbA1c decrease ≥4.2 mmol/mol or lower but sustaining euglycemia. Results: Participants had a mean age of 46.8 ± 9.7 years and a mean HbA1c of 47.8 ± 12.7 mmol/mol at the start of the study. The least tolerated combination was AG&P2. Patients complained of bad taste and mild stomach pain because of the double dose of this treatment; this caused withdrawals: 4/25 vs. 9/21, respectively, Chi square = 4.1, df = 1, P 0.05; assay 2, −1.3 ± 6.6 vs −1.4 ± 7.6, P > 0.05; assay 3, −4.9 ± 8.3 vs 0.44 ± 5.4, P

Raft-forming systems are designed to relieve reflux symptoms by forming a physical barrier on top of the stomach. The present study aimed to evaluate the physico-chemical properties of alginate-aloe vera raft-forming systems for the first time. To achieve this goal, aloe vera was used in the proportion of 1 and 1.5 % in raft suspensions containing 5 % alginate as the main component of gel structure. Rafts were characterized by their volume, floating behavior, thickness, swelling properties, strength, resilience, reflux resistance, and acid neutralization capacity (ANC). Results showed the effectiveness of aloe vera in forming rafts that were voluminous, buoyant with greater total floating time (TFT), and stronger than formulations with no aloe vera. Furthermore, data showed that the presence of aloe vera could improve resilience time, swelling proportions, resistance to reflux under simulant conditions of movement in the stomach, and ANC values of rafts. Rafts were further characterized by oscillatory strain sweep test, differential scanning calorimetry, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Evaluation of the mechanical properties of rafts displayed a viscoelastic behavior of gels corresponding to the internal cross-linked structure of rafts. This study demonstrated that designing of alginate-aloe vera rafts can be suitable for the treatment of gastro-esophageal reflux disorders., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023. Published by Elsevier B.V.)