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Background: Takotsubo syndrome, which is often induced by physical or psychological stress, is typically a cardiac syndrome with transient left ventricular dysfunction in the absence of obstructive coronary artery disease. Subarachnoid hemorrhage with typical symptoms and signs is frequently reported, whereas the incidence of subarachnoid hemorrhage with Takotsubo syndrome as the prominent manifestation without a typical headache is rarely reported. Case description: We present a rare case of a 63-year-old male patient with cough and fever as the first manifestations, accompanied by mild dizziness, headache, and mental discomfort; however, the patient was eventually diagnosed with atypical subarachnoid hemorrhage with Takotsubo syndrome. The patient underwent general anesthesia downwards stent-assisted spring coil embolization and was discharged from the hospital after postoperative treatment consisting of anti-cerebrovascular spasm, anti-platelet aggregation, and cerebrospinal fluid replacement. Conclusion: This case demonstrates the association between Takotsubo syndrome and subarachnoid hemorrhage. When patients present with unexplained pulmonary edema with mild neurologic symptoms, clinicians should be alerted to subarachnoid hemorrhage and Takotsubo syndrome.

Cigarette smoking is an independent risk factor for lung cancer. Nicotine, as an addictive substance in tobacco and e-cigarettes, is known to promote tumor progression and metastasis despite being a non-carcinogen. As a tumor suppressor gene, JWA is widely involved in the inhibition of tumor growth and metastasis and the maintenance of cellular homeostasis, including in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the role of JWA in nicotine-induced tumor progression remains unclear. Here, we reported for the first time that JWA was significantly downregulated in smoking-related lung cancer and associated with overall survival. Nicotine exposure reduced JWA expression in a dose-dependent manner. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) analysis showed the tumor stemness pathway was enriched in smoking-related lung cancer, and JWA was negatively associated with stemness molecules CD44, SOX2, and CD133. JWA also inhibited nicotine-enhanced colony formation, spheroid formation, and EDU incorporation in lung cancer cells. Mechanically, nicotine downregulated JWA expression via the CHRNA5-mediated AKT pathway. Lower JWA expression enhanced CD44 expression through inhibition of ubiquitination-mediated degradation of Specificity Protein 1 (SP1). The in vivo data indicated that JAC4 through the JWA/SP1/CD44 axis inhibited nicotine-triggered lung cancer progression and stemness. In conclusion, JWA via down-regulating CD44 inhibited nicotine-triggered lung cancer cell stemness and progression. Our study may provide new insights to develop JAC4 for the therapy of nicotine-related cancers.

Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed malignant tumor in women. Foxtail millet is an important cereal food and exhibits a wide range of nutrition. We previously extracted total polyphenols composed of 12 compounds from foxtail millet bran (named BPIS). In this study, we find that BPIS inhibits the proliferation of breast cancer cells by restraining the cellular membrane synthesis via suppressing the conversion of saturated fatty acids (SFA) to monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA). Mechanically, BPIS decreases the glucose regulated protein 78 (GRP78) level, which further inhibits the expression of SREBP-1 and downstream-target SCD1. Combining molecular docking, MTT screening and in vivo model, we ultimately identify that vitexin and syringic acid are the main active ingredients. Our data showed that the combination of vitexin and syringic acid suppress the proliferation of breast cancer cells, which support further study of BPIS as a new dietary assistant strategy to improve breast cancer.

Cyberattack forms are complex and varied, and the detection and prediction of dynamic types of attack are always challenging tasks. Research on knowledge graphs is becoming increasingly mature in many fields. At present, it is very significant that certain scholars have combined the concept of the knowledge graph with cybersecurity in order to construct a cybersecurity knowledge base. This paper presents a cybersecurity knowledge base and deduction rules based on a quintuple model. Using machine learning, we extract entities and build ontology to obtain a cybersecurity knowledge base. New rules are then deduced by calculating formulas and using the path-ranking algorithm. The Stanford named entity recognizer (NER) is also used to train an extractor to extract useful information. Experimental results show that the Stanford NER provides many features and the useGazettes parameter may be used to train a recognizer in the cybersecurity domain in preparation for future work. Keywords: Cybersecurity, Knowledge graph, Knowledge deduction

Skin wound is always accompanied with nerve damage, leading to significant sensory function loss. Currently, the functional matrix material based stem cell transplantation and in situ nerve regeneration are thought to be effective strategies, of which, how to recruit stem cells, retard senescence, and promote neural differentiation has been obstacle to be overcome. However, the therapeutic efficiency of the reported systems has yet to be improved and side effect reduced. Herein, a conduit matrix with three-dimensional ordered porous structures, regular porosity, appropriate mechanical strength, and conductive features was prepared by orienting the freezing technique, which was further filled with neural-directing exosomes to form a neural-stimulating matrix for providing hybrid physical-biochemical stimulations. This neural-stimulating matrix was then compacted with methacrylate gelatin (GelMA) hydrogel thin coat that loaded with chemokines and anti-senescence drugs, forming a multi-functional artificial niche (termed as GCr-CSL) that promotes MSCs recruitment, anti-senescence, and neural differentiation. GCr-CSL was shown to rapidly enhances in situ nerve regeneration in skin wound therapy, and with great potential in promoting sensory function recovery. This study demonstrates proof-of-concept in building a biomimetic niche to organize endogenous MSCs recruitment, differentiation, and functionalization for fast neurological and sensory recovery.

Brain-computer interface (BCI) based on Steady-State Visual Evoked Potentials (SSVEP) provides an effective method for human-computer communication. In practical application scenarios, SSVEP-BCI systems are easily interfered by physiological noises such as electromyography (EMG) and electrooculography (EOG). The performance of traditional SSVEP recognition methods will degrade in such a noisy environment, which limits their real-world applications. To alleviate the interference of noise, existing works either require additional reference electrodes or are designed for removing background noise such as trend terms rather than physiological noises. In this study, we utilize adversarial training (AT) and neural networks (NNs) to construct a robust recognition method for SSVEP contaminated by physiological noise. During model training, we generate adversarial noises which are most harmful to the current model according to gradients and enforce the model to overcome them. In this way, we strengthen the robustness of the model to potential noises, such as physiological noises. In this study, we recorded a real-world speaking SSVEP dataset and simulated various noisy datasets to conducted comparison experiments on two benchmark models named EEGNet and DeepConvNet. The experimental results demonstrated that AT strategies can help the neural networks get better performance on SSVEP data contaminated by EMG and EOG. We also verified that introducing AT can slightly improve the performance of models under a cross-subject scenario. Our method can be integrated into existing deep learning methods efficiently and will contribute to the real-world applications of SSVEP.

The quality and safety of wheat flour are of public concern since they are related to the quality of flour products and human health. Therefore, efficient and convenient analytical techniques are needed for the quality and safety controls of wheat flour. Near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy has become an ideal technique for assessing the quality and safety of wheat flour, as it is a rapid, efficient and nondestructive method. The application of NIR spectroscopy in the quality and safety analysis of wheat flour is addressed in this review. First, we briefly summarize the basic knowledge of NIR spectroscopy and chemometrics. Then, recent advances in the application of NIR spectroscopy for chemical composition, technological parameters, and safety analysis are presented. Finally, the potential of NIR spectroscopy is discussed. Combined with chemometric methods, NIR spectroscopy has been used to detect chemical composition, technological parameters, deoxynivalenol, adulterants and additives of wheat flour. Furthermore, NIR spectroscopy has shown great potential for the rapid and online analysis of the quality and safety of wheat flour. It is anticipated that the current review will serve as a reference for the future analysis of wheat flour by NIR spectroscopy to ensure the quality and safety of flour products.

We investigated the impact of seasons of the year on microbiota and physicochemical indices in industrial-scale fermentation of Sichuan Baoning vinegar. Illumina HiSeq sequencing results showed significant differences (P 0.05), the increase in total acidity was highest in the autumn. Acetic acid content in raw vinegar was highest in the autumn (3472.42 mg/100 mL), and lowest in the summer (2304.01 mg/100 mL). This study provides a theoretical basis for the production of Sichuan bran vinegar with consistent quality and provides insights into the quality control of traditional fermented foods.

This study investigated the effects of xyloglucan (XG) compounded inulin and XG compounded arabinoxylan on the hypoglycemic activity of mice fed with high-fat diet (HFD). Forty male ICR/KM mice were randomly divided into four groups, namely, control group, high-fat group, XG and 4% inulin supplemented in a HFD group (HFXI), and XG and 4% arabinoxylan supplemented in a HFD group (HFXA). Results showed that XI and XA supplementation decreased serum glucose level and intestinal disaccharidase activity. XI and XA decreased the level of total bile acid (TBA) in the serum and liver. Fecal TBA excretion was increased in the HFXI group, and XA treatment decreased colon digesta TBA excretion. XI treatment activated liver farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and G protein-coupled receptor 5 (TGR5). Intestinal FXR and TGR5 were activated after XA supplementation. XA increased the abundance of Verrucomicrobia, promoting Akkermansia growth, whereas XI treatment increased the abundance of gut Bifidobacterium.

Parkinson's Disease (PD) is associated with decreased ability to perform habitual tasks, relying instead on goal-directed behaviour subserved by different cortical/subcortical circuits, including parts of the putamen. We explored the functional subunits in the putamen in PD using novel dynamic connectivity features derived from resting state fMRI recorded from thirty PD subjects and twenty-eight age-matched healthy controls (HC). Dynamic functional segmentation of the putamina was obtained by determining the correlation between each voxel in each putamen along a moving window and applying a joint temporal clustering algorithm to establish cluster membership of each voxel at each window. Contiguous voxels that had consistent cluster membership across all windows were then considered to be part of a homogeneous functional subunit. As PD subjects robustly had two homogenous clusters in the putamina, we also segmented the putamina in HC into two dynamic clusters for a fair comparison. We then estimated the dynamic connectivity using sliding windowed correlation between the mean signal from the identified homogenous subunits and 56 other predefined cortical and subcortical ROIs. Specifically, the mean dynamic connectivity strength and connectivity deviation were then compared to evaluate subregional differences.HC subjects had significant differences in mean dynamic connectivity and connectivity deviation between the two putaminal subunits. The posterior subunit connected strongly to sensorimotor areas, the cerebellum, as well as the middle frontal gyrus. The anterior subunit had strong mean dynamic connectivity to the nucleus accumbens, hippocampus, amygdala, caudate and cingulate. In contrast, PD subjects had fewer differences in mean dynamic connectivity between subunits, indicating a degradation of subregional specificity. Overall UPDRS III and MoCA scores could be predicted using mean dynamic connectivity strength and connectivity deviation. Side of onset of the disease was also jointly related with functional connectivity features.Our results suggest a robust loss of specificity of mean dynamic connectivity and connectivity deviation in putaminal subunits in PD that is sensitive to disease severity. In addition, altered mean dynamic connectivity and connectivity deviation features in PD suggest that looking at connectivity dynamics offers an additional dimension for assessment of neurodegenerative disorders. Keywords: fMRI, Dynamic parcellation, Dynamic connectivity, Temporal homogeneous subunits, Parkinson's Disease, Putamen

The mycelial polysaccharides from Catathelasma ventricosum (mCVP-1Ss) were modified by carboxymethylation with different reaction conditions (reaction time, temperature and chloroacetic acid dosage) to obtain carboxymethylated mCVP-1Ss (cmCVP-1Ss), and their primary structures were characterized. NMR results indicated that substitution of carboxylate groups appeared primarily at C-6 position. Carboxymethylation significantly improved the antioxidant and antibacterial activities of mCVP-1S, while cmCVP-1Ss with medium degree of substitution (DS) and stable triple-helical structurepossessed the greatest DPPH radical scavenging activity, reducing power, metal chelating activity andantibacterial activity. When the concentration of cmCVP-1S3/8/13 reached 7.5 mg/mL, it showed excellent inhibitory effect on Escherichia coli, Salmonella Typhimurium, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis. However, excessive DS might destroy the triple helical structure of cmCVP-1S, thus significantly weaken the biological activities of cmCVP-1S·cmCVP-1Ss possess excellent antioxidant and antibacterial activities and have potential to be used as new types of antioxidant and antibiotic, which are inartificial and safer.