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1. Process optimization of superior biosorption capacity of biogenic oyster shells nanoparticles for Congo red and Bromothymol blue dyes removal from aqueous solution: Response surface methodology, equilibrium isotherm, kinetic, and reusability studies

Author

Abdulrahman Oyekanmi Adeleke, R.C. Omar, Kamil Kayode Katibi, Temitope T. Dele-Afolabi, Akil Ahmad, Junaid Olawale Quazim, Abiodun A. Amusa, and Mohammed B. Alshammari

Subjects
Oyster shell wastes, Nanoparticle, Dyes, Adsorption, Isotherm, Kinetic, Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), TA1-2040
Abstract

The essential use of natural materials or microbial biomass for effective dye removal from water, combined with simultaneous antimicrobial activity, is crucial for environmental and biomedical applications. Functionalized oyster shell waste nanoparticles (OY-NPs) were synthesized and utilized for efficient biosorption of Congo red (CR) and bromothymol blue (BB) dyes from solution, exhibiting promising antibacterial properties against gram-negative bacteria, specifically Escherichia coli (E. coli), in wastewater. Employing response surface methodology and central composite design, the impact of key process variables; pH, initial concentration, time, and adsorbent doses were investigated. Characterization through scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform irradiation, and x-ray diffraction analyses revealed mesoporous crystalline structures rich in CaCO3, featuring prominent functional groups such as C–O, CO, and O-H. Optimization of batch experiments yielded peak efficiency at pH 3.3, initial concentration of 72.34 mg/L, contact time of 84.44 min, and a dosage of 0.1 for CR and BB, achieving a desirability coefficient of 1.0. Equilibrium studies aligned with the Langmuir isotherm model determined coefficient (R2 > 0.977), while kinetic experiments correlated well with the pseudo-second-order model (R2 > 0.9). OY-NPs demonstrated optimal adsorption capacities of 84.77 and 180.61 mg/g for CR and BB, respectively, with spontaneous and endothermic removal. Reusability studies showcased consistently high adsorption efficiency over 5 cycles, highlighting the eco-friendly and recyclable potential of OY-NPs for wastewater treatment applications. The observed antibacterial activity further supports their suitability for antimicrobial applications.

Published
2024
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2. Surface-engineered vertically-aligned ZnO nanorod for sensitive non-enzymatic electrochemical monitoring of cholesterol

Author

Rafiq Ahmad, Kiesar Sideeq Bhat, Vandana Nagal, Umesh T. Nakate, Akil Ahmad, Mohammed B. Alshammari, Shamshad Alam, and Byeong-Il Lee

Subjects
Hybrid nanostructure, ZnO nanorod, Vertically-aligned, Iron oxide nanoparticle, Non-enzymatic, Cholesterol biosensor, Science (General), Q1-390, Social sciences (General), H1-99
Abstract

Developing highly sensitive and selective non-enzymatic electrochemical biosensors for disease biomarker detection has become challenging in healthcare applications. However, advances in material science are opening new avenues for creating more dependable biosensing technologies. In this context, the present work introduces a novel approach by engineering a hybrid structure of zinc oxide nanorod (ZnO NR) modified with iron oxide nanoparticle (Fe2O3 NP) on an FTO electrode. This Fe2O3 NP-ZnO NR hybrid material functions as a nanozyme, facilitating the catalysis of cholesterol and enabling the direct transfer of electrons to the fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) electrode, limiting the need for costly and traditional enzymes in the detection process. This innovative non-enzymatic cholesterol biosensor showcases remarkable sensitivity, registering at 642.8 μA/mMcm2 within a linear response range of up to 9.0 mM. It also exhibits a low detection limit (LOD) of ∼12.4 μM, ensuring its capability to detect minimal concentrations of cholesterol accurately. Moreover, the developed biosensor displays exceptional selectivity by effectively distinguishing cholesterol molecules from other interfering biological species, while exhibiting outstanding stability and reproducibility. Our findings indicate that the Fe2O3 NP-ZnO NR hybrid nanostructure on the FTO electrode holds promise for enhancing biosensor stability. Furthermore, the present device fabrication platform offers versatility, as it can be adapted with various enzymes or modified with different metal oxides, potentially broadening its applicability in a wide range of biomarkers detection.

Published
2024
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3. Thermal and dynamic performance of kenaf/washingtonia fibre-based hybrid composites

Author

Mohammed B. Alshammari, Akil Ahmad, Mohammad Jawaid, and Sameer A. Awad

Subjects
Kenaf fibres, Washingtonia fibres, Biocomposites, Thermal properties, Dynamic mechanical properties, Thermal mechanical properties, Mining engineering. Metallurgy, TN1-997
Abstract

The application of hybrid natural fibres incorporated with bio phenolic composites is significant due to their sustainability and low-cost rates. In this paper, two natural fibres composites were prepared using a hand lay-up technique. The thermal stability, dynamic-mechanical, and thermo-mechanical characterisations of kenaf fibre (KF)/Washingtonia Leaf Stalk Fibres (AW)/epoxy biocomposite were investigated in this paper. Thermomechanical analysis (TMA) and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), respectively, were used to examine the thermal stability and the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) and the dynamic mechanical properties of composites, respectively. The Thermogravimetric (TG) analyses showed that the addition of KF and AW enhanced the thermal stability of the epoxy composites. 7AW/3KENAF showed the most significant improvement in thermal stability (Tonset; 284.52 °C and Tmax; 368.25. Furthermore, the hybrid biocomposite exhibited the highest storage modulus (2668.9 MPa) among all other pure and hybrid biocomposites. On the other hand, the TMA findings illustrated that the 50% AW sample exhibited the highest value of CTE (242 μm/m °C) at the maximum temperature (175 °C) among all samples. Briefly, it is obvious that the combination of WA with KENAF enhanced the potential in improving thermal, dimensional and dynamic mechanical characterisations of epoxy composites and can be utilised in building applications that dictate elevated dimensional stability. It was proven that the hybrid biocomposites prepared in this work supported by hybrid natural fibres as strengthened bio fillers might benefit the performance of epoxy composites, which could broaden the application range of industrial and engineering applications and provide novel ways for its effective uses.

Published
2023
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4. Design, synthesis, docking and mechanistic studies of new thiazolyl/thiazolidinylpyrimidine-2,4-dione antiproliferative agents

Author

Ashraf A. Aly, Mohammed B. Alshammari, Akil Ahmad, Hesham A. M. Gomaa, Bahaa G. M. Youssif, Stefan Bräse, Mahmoud A. A. Ibrahim, and Asmaa H. Mohamed

Subjects
Uracil, Thiazoles, Thiazolidines, Antiproliferative, Kinases, Docking, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract

In this article, we display on the synthesis and biological evaluation of a new series of thiazolylpyrimidine 3a-l and thiazolidinylpyrimidine derivatives 5a-e. The structures of the new compounds were confirmed by using different spectral techniques including NMR, IR, mass spectroscopy in addition to elemental analyses. The cell viability of the new compounds was assessed against normal human mammary gland epithelial (MCF-10A) cell line. Data revealed that none of the compounds examined exhibited cytotoxic effects, and the cell viability for the compounds examined at 50 µM was greater than 87%. The antiproliferative activity of 3a-l and 5a-e was evaluated against four human cancer cell lines where the compounds showed promising activity. The most potent derivatives were compounds 3a, 3c, 3f, 3i, and 5b with GI50 values ranging from 0.90 µM to 1.70 µM against the four cancer cell lines in comparison to doxorubicin (GI50 = 1.10 µM). Compounds 3a, 3c and 3i showed potent antiproliferative activity with dual inhibitory action against EGFR and BRAFV600E. Compounds 3a, 3c, and 3i demonstrated promising AutoDock scores towards EGFR and BRAFV600E with values of − 9.1 and − 8.6, −9.0 and − 8.5, and − 8.4 and − 8.0 kcal/mol, respectively. The physicochemical and pharmacokinetic characteristics of 3a, 3c, and 3i were anticipated, demonstrating their oral bioavailability.

Published
2023
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5. Alteration of polyethersulphone membranes through UV-induced modification using various materials: A brief review

Author

Law Yong Ng, Akil Ahmad, and Abdul Wahab Mohammad

Subjects
Nanoparticle, UV irradiation, Monomers, UV-grafting, Hydrophilicity, Surface modification, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract

Polyethersulphone (PES) membranes have been widely applied in various separation applications such as microfiltration, ultrafiltration and nanofiltration. This has occurred as these membranes are easy to form, have good mechanical strength and good chemical stability (resistant to acidic or alkaline conditions) due to the presence of aromatic hydrocarbon groups in the structure. PES membranes are commonly fabricated through the phase inversion method due to the simplicity of the process. However, PES membranes are generally hydrophobic, which usually requires them to be modified before application. In most cases, these methods can reduce the hydrophobicity of the membrane surface and thus reduce membrane fouling during application. This review will further discuss the recently developed UV-induced modifications of PES membranes. The UV-induced grafting method is easy to apply to existing PES membranes, with or without the need for a photo-initiator. Additionally, nanoparticles entrapped in PES membranes subsequently exposed to UV-irradiation have been reported to possess photo-catalytic activity. However, UV-irradiation methods still require special care in order to produce membranes with the best performance.

Published
2017
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8. Contributors

Author

Akil Ahmad, Nayeem Ahmed, Saghir Ahmad, Khalid M. Alotaibi, Mohammed B. Alshammari, Nadira Anjum, Azim Ansari, Sorin Marius Avramescu, Rayees Ahmad Bakshi, Showkat Ahmad Bhawani, Mihaela Cudalbeanu, Aamir Hussain Dar, Ishfaq Hamid Dar, Lobna A. Elseify, Salma Farooq, Saqib Farooq, Irina Fierascu, Radu Claudiu Fierascu, Tariq Ahmad Ganaie, Amir Gull, Tamer Hamouda, Abul Hasnat, Ahmed H. Hassanin, Md Enamul Hoque, Fayyaz Salih Hussain, Mohamad Nasir Mohamad Ibrahim, Iqbal M.I. Ismail, Mohd Jameel, Bisma Jan, Pir Mohammad Junaid, Shafat Ahmad Khan, Ramzi Khiari, Arshied Manzoor, Farooq Ahmad Masoodi, Najma Memon, Mohamad Midani, Sajad Ahmad Mir, Abdul Moheman, Md Khalid Nahian, Tabassum Parveen, Huda A. Qari, Mohd Rashid, Sajad Ahmad Rather, Qurat Ul Eain Hyder Rizvi, Danish Rizwan, Charanjiv Singh Saini, Carlo Santulli, Rafeeya Shams, Harish Kumar Sharma, Mohd Aaqib Sheikh, Elwira Sieniawska, Abu Tariq, Khalid Umar, Hauwa A. Umaru, Isaac John Umaru, Kerenhappuch Isaac Umaru, Mohd Amil Usmani, Shoib Mohd Wani, Asim Ali Yaqoob, and Syed Zubair Ali

Published
2023
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12. Contributors

Author

Rafiq Ahmad, Akil Ahmad, Irshad Ahmad, Jamal Siddique Akhter, M. Khursheed Akram, Swapnil B. Ambade, Rohan B. Ambade, Firoz Ali Ansari, A.K. Arof, Anupriya Arul, Abdullah M. Asiri, Farkhod Azimov, Monojit Bag, Debasis De, Khalid Emshadi, A.F. Fuzlin, Vinoth Ganesan, N.M. Ghazali, Aurangzeb Khurram Hafiz, Ahmad Husain, N.Z.N. Husin, Md. Shahinul Islam, Myeong Hoon Jeong, Hyun Min Jung, Syam Kandula, Kamalpreet Kaur, Aftab Aslam Parwaz Khan, Marya Khan, Chan Ul Kim, M.Z. Kufian, Jitendra Kumar, Ramesh Kumar, Arvind Kumar, Girijesh Kumar, Virendra Kumar, Manjiri A. Mahadadalkar, Yaohua Mai, Sadhucharan Mallick, N.F. Mazuki, Ayaz Mohd, Mahfuza Mubarak, Vandana Nagal, Ki-Hun Nam, Mohammed Nazim, Hakeem Niyas, N.M. Noor, Z. Osman, Ayan Pal, Srikanta Palei, Cheol-Min Park, Bebi Patil, Santanu Patra, A.S. Rahim, M.A. Saadiah, Puspanjali Sahu, A.S. Samsudin, Seong Kuk Seo, Rajesh Kumar Sharma, Raju Kumar Sharma, Weqar Ahmad Siddiqi, Manpreet Singh, Rajesh Singh, Kedar Singh, Sakshi Singh, Md Palashuddin Sk, Eleni Skoularioti, Jeong Gon Son, Ashutosh Tiwari, Yousheng Wang, Neelam Hazoor Zaidi, and Mohd. Zeeshan

Published
2023
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16. Contributors

Author

Manar E. Abdel-Raouf, Akil Ahmad, Sajid R. Ahmad, Nisar Ali, Mohammed B. Alshammari, Muzammil Anjum, Ph.D, Shahid P. Ansari, Tadele Assefa Aragaw, Chaudhry Arslan, Adane Adugna Ayalew, Muhammad Ayub, Muhammad Bilal, Mohsin R. Dustgeer, Xiaoyan Gao, Syed H. Gillani, Suresh Ghotekar, Chirag Batukbhai Godiya, Md. Morshedul Haque, Abdulraheim M.A. Hasan, Mohamad Nasir Mohamad Ibrahim, Mustapha Omenesa Idris, Ahmad F. Ismail, Juhana Jaafar, Mohammad Jawaid, Asim Jilani, Roziana Kamaludin, Ansa Kanwal, Azeem Khalid, Ph.D, Adnan Khan, Asma Khatoon, Mohsin Khurshid, Lau Kia Kian, Wei Liu, Ph.D, Sumeet Malik, Muhammad A. Mirza, Aleid G. Mohammad S, Abdul Nasir, Lingli Ni, Nahin Mostofa Niloy, Mohd Hafiz Dzarfan Othman, Fahmida Parvin, Samia Qadeer, Ph.D, Mukhlis A. Rahman, Haroon Rashid, Arpita Roy, Luis A.M. Ruotolo, Naheed Saba, Muhammad Sarmad, Siti H.M. Setapar, Muhammad B. Shakoor, Affia Siddique, Jamal A. Siddique, Shafi M. Tareq, Waheed Tariq, Nafeesa Tayyab, Yong Yang, Asim Ali Yaqoob, Hazirah S. Zakria, and Muhammad Zubair

Published
2023
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19. Contributors

Author

Rashid Abro, Adeyemi Adesina, Akil Ahmad, Shoaib Ahmed, Zahoor Ahamd, Faheem Akhter, Esfandyar Ali, Imran Ali, Muhammad Anees, Viswadevarayalu Annavaram, Paul O. Awoyera, Muhammad Ashar Ayub, Alexander V. Babkin, Humair Ahmed Baloch, Erick R. Bandala, Sushmita Banerjee, Pranta Barua, Jigna R. Bhamore, Alexander E. Burakov, Irina V. Burakova, Heena Chauhan, Guilherme C.F. Cruz, Ana Belen Cueva-Sola, Sumistha Das, Nitai Debnath, Shikha Dhiman, Zia Ur Rahman Farooqi, Hina Fatima, Vinod Kumar Garg, Pavan Kumar Gautam, Renuka Gupta, Wasim M.K. Helal, Nazia Hossain, Mohamad Nasir Mohd Ibrahim, Eberechukwu Laura Ikechukwu, Tariqul Islam, Abdul Sattar Jatoi, Jong-Ryul Jeong, Juliana John, Sumalatha Jorepalli, Rajesh Kumar Jyothi, Suresh Kumar Kailasa, Rama Rao Karri, Navish Kataria, Md Shahidullah Kayshar, Dongsoo Kim, Mehmet Serkan Kırgız, Janardhan Reddy Koduru, Rambabu Kuchi, Jai Kumar, Kashif Latif, Jin-Young Lee, Lucas G. Martins, Shaukat Ali Mazari, Daniel A. Medina-Orendain, Alexander V. Melezhik, Abdul Qayoom Memon, Nabisab Mujawar Mubarak, Atta Muhammad, Riaz Muhammad, Muhammad Nadeem, Asif Naeem, Iffat Naz, Elena A. Neskoromnaya, Sabzoi Nizamuddin, Chidozie Charles Nnaji, Amina Othmani, V.C. Padmanaban, Krishna Kumar Pandey, Pankaj Kumar Parhi, Tae-Jung Park, Irwing Ramirez, Mohd Rashid, Shalu Rawat, Abdul Rehman, Muhammad Zia ur Rehman, Muhammad Rizwan, Oscar M. Rodríguez-Narvaez, Nizamuddin Sabzoi, Sintu Kumar Samanta, Raluca Savu, Shama Sehar, Muhammad Shabaan, Bhanu Shrestha, MTH Sidddiqui, Geoffrey S. Simate, Bharti Singh, Jiwan Singh, Megha Singh, Ved Vati Singh, Adinarayana Reddy Somala, Danijela Stanisic, Ljubica Tasic, Alexey G. Tkachev, Manoj Tripathi, Emmanuel Ikechukwu Ugwu, Muhammad Umair, Wajid Umar, Deborah L. Villaseñor-Basulto, Asim Ali Yaqoob, Adnan Younis, and Husnain Zia

Published
2022
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20. List of contributors

Author

Akil Ahmad, A.R.T.S. Araujo, Andreia Ascenso, Nurul Asmak, Zarith Asyikin Abdul Aziz, C. Cabral, Manuela Carvalheiro, Sing Chuong Chuo, Ana Margarida Costa, Vivek Dhawan, Vaishali Dixit, Ana Catarina Faria-Silva, Clara Fernandes, C. Guerra, Afroza Akter Happy, Vu Khac Hoang Bui, Fahad Mabood Husain, Ferdoushi Jahan, Mohammad Jawaid, Lau Kia Kian, Young-Chul Lee, Alka Lohani, Joana Marto, F. Mascarenhas-Melo, Siti Hamidah Mohd Setapar, Hasmida Mohd-Nasir, Ana Luísa Mota, Phatheka Ndzotoyi, Blessed Okole, A.C. Paiva-Santos, D. Peixoto, Wong Lee Peng, Galvina Pereira, Vivey Phasha, Sreejarani Kesavan Pillai, Catarina Reis, Helena Margarida Ribeiro, M. Rodrigues, Jamal Akhter Siddique, Ana Margarida Silva, Sandra Simões, Manisha Singh, Nhu Hoa Thi Tran, Vinh Van Tran, F. Veiga, Anurag Verma, and Truong Thi Vu Nu

Published
2022
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22. Preface

Author

A. Vijaya Bhaskar Reddy, Akil Ahmad, and Mohammad Jawaid

Published
2022
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23. Ionic Liquids and Their Application in Green Chemistry

Author

Jamal Akhter Siddique, Akil Ahmad, Mohammad Jawaid, Jamal Akhter Siddique, Akil Ahmad, and Mohammad Jawaid

Subjects
Green chemistry, Ionic solutions--Industrial applications, Ionic solutions
Abstract

Ionic liquids and Their Application in Green Chemistry covers the synthesis and characterization of a broad range of ionic liquids (ILs) and their polymers, along with their application in multiple areas for nanomaterials and environmental sustainability. The book provides reference material for future research in IL-based technologies for environmental and energy applications. It covers not only the conventional IL applications. but also advanced IL polymer-based materials and their application in energy storage and energy generator applications. Finally, the book discusses the major fields of application of IL-based materials in synthesis of nanomaterials and the role in graphene synthesis and its composites. Written by eminent scholars and leading experts from around the world, this book brings the literature up to date on the most recent progress in the field of IL based materials and their applications for the environmental sustainability. - Covers a broad area of applications, discussing the combination of materials and green chemistry, along with ILs - Provides complete information on the relationship between IL-based nanocomposites and their application in energy harvesting - Presents detailed case studies to help readers understand all the pros and cons of using these materials in their future research

Published
2023

24. Contributors

Author

null Aarzoo, Sadaf Afrin, Akil Ahmad, Asrar Ahmad, Khalid M. Alotaibi, Mohammad Omaish Ansari, Mohd Saquib Ansari, M. Tarik Arafat, Maya Asyikin Mohamad Arif, Mohd Razip Asaruddin, Mohammad Ashfaq, Erkan Türker Baran, Sunita Barik, Anant Narayan Bhatt, Showkat Ahmad Bhawani, Anuradha Biswal, Afzal Hussain, Mohamad Nasir Mohamad Ibrahim, Iqbal I.M. Ismail, Zoheb Karim, Mohd Jahir Khan, Abhishek Kumar, Vannessa Lawai, Zainab Ngaini, Mehvish Nisar, Mohammad Oves, Md. Wahidur Rahman, Mohd Rashid, Chinmayi Rath, Mohd Ahmar Rauf, M. Samim, Rahul Kumar Sharma, Laishram Rajendra Kumar Singh, Sarat K. Swain, Aydin Tahmasebifar, Abu Tariq, Mohiuddin Khan Warsi, Asim Ali Yaqoob, and Bengi Yilmaz

Published
2021
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25. Chitosan-based nanocomposites for gene delivery: Application and future perspectives

Author

Asim Ali Yaqoob, Akil Ahmad, Mohamad Nasir Mohamad Ibrahim, and Mohd Rashid

Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification, Nanocomposite, Biocompatibility, technology, industry, and agriculture, Nanotechnology, macromolecular substances, Polymer, Gene delivery, engineering.material, equipment and supplies, carbohydrates (lipids), Chitosan, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Chitin, engineering, Biopolymer, Biosensor
Abstract

Chitosan is produced through the chitin deacetylation process, is considered to be a semisynthetic polymer, and is the second most abundant biopolymer. Due to its exclusive and diverse aspects, such as being nonallergenic and nontoxic, and its hydrophobicity, biocompatibility, and biodegradability, it has been considered as a potential biopolymer material for many multifunctional applications. Chitosan has an extensive range of applications in many fields such as biosensor, biomedical, etc., due to the presence of amino and hydroxyl groups in its backbone. Among all these application, currently, chitosan is predominantly used in gene delivery. In order to advance chitosan’s effectiveness, various nanocomposites of chitosan with different polymers, nanotubes, bioglass, noble metals, and other moieties have been synthesized. This chapter focuses mainly on applications and composites of chitosan for gene delivery.

Published
2021
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26. Nanotechnology for the Preparation of Cosmetics Using Plant-Based Extracts

Author

Siti Hamidah Mohd Setapar, Akil Ahmad, Mohammad Jawaid, Siti Hamidah Mohd Setapar, Akil Ahmad, and Mohammad Jawaid

Subjects
Herbal cosmetics, Nanotechnology--Industrial applications
Abstract

Cosmetic manufacturers use nanoscale size ingredients to provide better UV protection, deeper skin penetration, long-lasting effects, increased color and finish quality. This approach enables the forming of nanoscale cosmetic ingredients, which can possess active components readily absorbed into the skin, repair damage easily, and promote improved product outcomes.Nanotechnology for the Preparation of Cosmetics using Plant-Based Extracts explores the various applications of nanotechnology in the cosmetic industry. Techniques for the development of cosmetic are a topic of increasing interest with widespread opportunities for potential applications in a broad range of industrial applications. The book covers a variety of techniques and processes, focusing on its potential applications in the field of skincare and makeup cosmetics. The book will cover not only conventional processes but also innovative and efficient techniques for the preparation of cosmetics exhibiting unique applications in the field.Nanotechnology for the Preparation of Cosmetics using Plant-Based Extracts is an important reference source for materials scientists, engineers and pharmaceutical scientists who want to learn more about the use of cosmetics prepared through nanotechnology to achieve the materials characteristics and enhancements in the mechanism and properties of makeup and skincare. - Presents techniques for the design and manufacture of high-performance skincare products using nanotechnology - Demonstrates systematic approaches and investigations for the design, synthesis, characterization and applications of various plant-based extracts in order to make them effective ingredients for cosmetics creation - Assesses the major challenges of using plant-based materials in the manufacture of cosmetic products

Published
2022

27. Emerging Techniques for Treatment of Toxic Metals From Wastewater

Author

Akil Ahmad, Rajeev Kumar, Mohammad Jawaid, Akil Ahmad, Rajeev Kumar, and Mohammad Jawaid

Abstract

Emerging Techniques for Treatment of Toxic Metals from Wastewater explores the different physical and chemical methods that can be used to remove toxins from wastewater, including adsorption, solvent extraction, ion exchange, precipitation, filtration and photocatalytic degradation. Bringing together contributions from leading experts in the field, the book covers each of the different techniques in detail, combining emergent research outcomes with fundamental theoretical concepts to provide a clear appraisal of the different techniques available, along with their applications. It is an essential recourse for researchers, industrialists and students concerned with the remediation of toxic metals from water and wastewater. - Covers the various techniques for metal removal and their applications in a single source - Addresses emerging technologies; chemical, physical, and biological including nanotechnology - Brings together novel techniques and their applications for enhancing large scale industrial production signposting opportunities for significant enhancements

Published
2022

28. Ionic Liquid-Based Technologies for Environmental Sustainability

Author

Mohammad Jawaid, Akil Ahmad, A. Vijaya Bhaskar Reddy, Mohammad Jawaid, Akil Ahmad, and A. Vijaya Bhaskar Reddy

Subjects
Environmental chemistry, Ionic solutions--Industrial applications
Abstract

Ionic Liquid-based Technologies for Environmental Sustainability explores the range of sustainable and green applications of IL materials achieved in recent years, such as gas solubility, biomass pre-treatment, bio-catalysis, energy storage, gas separation and purification technologies. The book also provides a reference material for future research in IL-based technologies for environmental and energy applications, which are much in-demand due to sustainable, reusable and eco-friendly methods for highly innovative and applied materials. Written by eminent scholars and leading experts from around the world, the book aims to cover the synthesis and characterization of broad range of ionic liquids and their sustainable applications. Chapters provide cutting-edge research with state-of-the-art developments, including the use of IL-based materials for the removal of pharmaceuticals, dyes and value-added metals. - Describes the fundamentals and major applications of ionic liquid materials - Covers up-to-date developments in novel applications of IL materials - Provides practical tips to aid researchers who work on ionic liquid applications

Published
2021

29. Graphene-based Nanotechnologies for Energy and Environmental Applications

Author

Mohammad Jawaid, Akil Ahmad, David Lokhat, Mohammad Jawaid, Akil Ahmad, and David Lokhat

Subjects
Graphene, Nanostructured materials, Energy industries--Equipment and supplies--Tec
Abstract

Graphene-Based Nanotechnologies for Energy and Environmental Applications explores how graphene-based materials are being used to make more efficient, reliable products and devices for energy storage and harvesting and environmental monitoring and purification. The book outlines the major sustainable, recyclable, and eco-friendly methods for using a range of graphene-based materials in innovative ways. It represents an important information source for materials scientists and engineers who want to learn more about the use of graphene-based nanomaterials to create the next generation of products and devices in energy and environmental science. Graphene-based nanotechnologies are at the heart of some of the most exciting developments in the fields of energy and environmental research. Graphene has exceptional properties, which are being used to create more effective products for electronic systems, environmental sensing devices, energy storage, electrode materials, fuel cell, novel nano-sorbents, membrane and photocatalytic degradation of environmental pollutants especially in the field of water and wastewater treatment. - Covers synthesis, preparation and application of graphene based nanomaterials from different sources - Demonstrates systematic approaches to the design, synthesis, characterization and applications of graphene-based nanocomposites in order to establish their important relationship with end-user applications - Discusses the challenges in ensuring reliability and scalability of graphene-based nanotechnologies

Published
2019

30. An overview of porous graphene nanomaterials for wastewater treatment

Author

Akil Ahmad, Syed Zaghum Abbas, Mohd Rafatullah, and Kaizar Hossain

Subjects
Pollutant, Wastewater, Environmental remediation, Graphene, law, Porous graphene, Environmental science, Nanotechnology, Sewage treatment, Effluent, Nanomaterials, law.invention
Abstract

Wastewater treatment is a crucial problem over the many eras because of urbanization and industrialization which increase the effluents discarded to the environment. Now, a variety of functional materials have been synthesized for wastewater remediation. Among them all, graphene is an important and attractive agent because of its high specific surface area, strength, and tunable surface behavior. This chapter will summarize graphene-based nanomaterial's employment for wastewater remediation, like removal of organic dyes, heavy metals, and other pollutants (antibiotics and oil spills). The development made so far will lead to further growth in structure design approach of graphene-based porous nanomaterials and investigation of such nanomaterials for protection of the environment.

Published
2019
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32. List of contributors

Author

Mohamed Shaaban Abdel-wahab Hassan, Jaideep Adhikari, Akil Ahmad, Md Khursheed Akram, Burcu Akyıldız, Elim Albiter, Ashwini P. Alegaonkar, Prashant S. Alegaonkar, Othman Y. Alothman, Ahmed Alshahrie, Sandro Campos Amico, Mohammad Omaish Ansari, Shahid Pervez Ansari, Afzal Ansari, Mohammad Asad, Abdullah Mohamed Asiri, Ayşenur Aygün, Busra Balli, Mohamed Abou El-Fetough Barakat, José M. Barrera-Andrade, Mehmet Durmus Calisir, Christian Matheus dos Santos Cougo, Ana Karina Cuentas-Gallegos, Agnieszka Dąbrowska, Anindya Das, Erhan Demirbaş, Buse Demirkan, Mahmut Durmuş, Néstor David Espinosa-Torres, Hasan Fouad, Alfredo Guillén-López, Baoguo Han, Mohammad Jawaid, Kathiresan Marimuthu, Anish Khan, Imran Khan, Aftab Aslam Parwaz Khan, Asma Khatoon, Ali Kilic, Aleksandr Evhenovych Kolosov, Elena Petryvna Kolosova, Ramar Kumar, R. Kumar, Esra Kuyuldar, David Lokhat, Manoj Balachandran, L.M. Mejía-Mendoza, Jesús Muñiz, Nur Dilara Ozturk, Wagner Mauricio Pachekoski, Sérgio Henrique Pezzin, Mohd. Rafatullah, Rajesh Jesudoss Hynes Navasingh, Raghavan Baby Rakhi, Miguel Robles, Elizabeth Rojas-García, Yanfeng Ruan, Naheed Saba, Selin Sagbas, Prosenjit Saha, Nurettin Sahiner, Sabyasachi Sarkar, Aysun Şavk, Betül Şen, Özde Şen, Fatih Şen, Ahmet Şenocak, Senthamaraikannan Planichamy, Siti Hamidah Mohd Setapar, Hiroyuki Shima, Vasi Uddin Siddiqui, Weqar Ahmad Siddiqui, Sumit Kumar Sonkar, Elena Stojanovska, Yoshiyuki Suda, Miguel A. Valenzuela, Volodymyr Volodymyrovych Vanin, Jialiang Wang, Danna Wang, Xun Yu, and Wei Zhang

Published
2019
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33. Antimicrobial activity of graphene-based nanomaterials

Author

Norli Ismail, Avasn Y. Maruthi, Akil Ahmad, Syed Zaghum Abbas, Kaizar Hossain, and Mohd Rafatullah

Subjects
Graphene, business.industry, Antimicrobial efficacy, Disinfectant, Cancer therapy, Nanotechnology, Antimicrobial, law.invention, Nanomaterials, Antimicrobial use, law, Drug delivery, Medicine, business
Abstract

Antibiotic-resistant pathogens have become a serious problem in today's world. These infections may lead to assorted acute or and chronic diseases like sepsis, inflammation, and finally cancer. These days new antibiotics are rarely discovered against microbial pathogens, which is required to explore antimicrobial agents. In these circumstances, the nanomaterials are considered for antimicrobial use because they have long-lasting disinfectant effect of microorganism in a wide spectra. Graphene and graphene-based nanoparticles or nanomaterials are used for various purposes in various sectors like biodetection of pathogens, cancer therapy, drug delivery, gene delivery, etc. Graphene has a wide surface area, excellent thermal and electrical conductivity, and biocompatibility. The abovementioned special properties can play vital roles in killing microorganisms. In this chapter we outline the progress of development of the antimicrobial efficacy of graphene and graphene-based nanocomposite materials, and this outline gives a new understanding or insight for the development of nanoantibacterial or antimicrobial studies.

Published
2019
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34. Survey of graphene-based nanotechnologies

Author

Mohd Rafatullah, David Lokhat, and Akil Ahmad

Subjects
Supercapacitor, Electron mobility, Sorbent, Materials science, Environmental remediation, Graphene, law, Energy transformation, Nanotechnology, Desalination, Energy storage, law.invention
Abstract

In recent years, graphene-based nanotechnologies are gaining much attention in the field of environmental and energy application. Due to its unique physicochemical properties such as high surface area, chemical stability, thermal conductivity, mechanical strength, and electron mobility, it can be used as a novel and enhanced material to address environmental and energy-related problems around the globe. It can be used as a novel material in environmental remediation (as a sorbent or photocatalytic material, in next-generation water treatment and desalination membranes, and as electrode materials for contaminant monitoring) and in energy applications (as batteries and supercapacitors for energy storage, fuel cells for energy conversion, catalysis, and sensing applications). A summary of recent information obtained using various applications of graphene-based nanotechnologies in different fields have been included in the discussion.

Published
2019
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35. Nanocarbon composites for detection of volatile organic compounds

Author

Siti Hamidah Mohd Setapar, David Lokhat, Akil Ahmad, Asma Khatoon, and Mohd Rafatullah

Subjects
chemistry.chemical_compound, Medical diagnostic, Nanocomposite, Materials science, chemistry, Hazardous waste, Xylene, chemistry.chemical_element, Nanotechnology, Gasoline, Benzene, Carbon
Abstract

The aim of this chapter is to review recent developments in the detection of potentially dangerous VOCs (VOCs) using various kinds of carbon-based nanocomposites. These VOCs include components of gasoline, benzene, toluene, xylene, tetrachloroethylene, etc., that have adverse effects on the health of humans as well as other living organisms. Carbon-based nanocomposites are now considered new and novel materials that provide high tensile strength as well as mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties that make them better and more promising candidates for the detection of potential hazardous VOCs. In addition, owing to the ease of fabrication and reduction, the low cost, and simple operation, carbon-based nanocomposites offer great potential for portable real-time medical diagnostics, in contrast to the conventional methods-based on cost and labor-extensive lab-bench instruments. A summary of recent information obtained using various VOCs with different carbon-based nanocomposites has been included in the discussion. Alongside the detection efficiency, their mode of operation under various parameters has been covered in detail.

Published
2019
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36. New generation graphene oxide for removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

Author

Afzal Hussain, Akil Ahmad, Habibur Rahman, Samira Amir, Iqbal Hussain, Mohamed F. Alajmi, and Faheem Ahmed

Subjects
Pollutant, business.industry, Graphene, Environmental remediation, Oxide, Contamination, Combustion, law.invention, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Hazardous waste, law, Environmental chemistry, Environmental science, Coal, business
Abstract

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are one of the common contaminants among all hazardous environmental pollutants which are generated due to the combustion of organic materials such as oil, coal, gas, garbage, wood, tobacco, etc. Due to increase in industrialization and abandoned anthropogenic activities, PAHs are produced in large quantity to contaminate our environment. Various remediation methods such as Fenton process, biological, thermal, and UV light technology have been reported to remove these environmental contaminants. Different types of natural and chemically modified materials have been used for the safe and cost-effective removal of PAHs from the environmental sources. Nowadays, nanomaterials are used as an efficient and effective material for the removal of environmental contaminants. Among all, graphene oxide is showing a promising alternative for the elimination of PAHs from the environment due to its unique physical and chemical properties which can be used as safe and cost-effective materials. The primary objective of this chapter is to discuss the impact of PAHs on the environment as well as its risk and effects on human health. The efficiency of graphene oxide for the removal of hazardous PAHs is discussed.

Published
2019
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37. Contributors

Author

Syed Zaghum Abbas, Jibril Abdulsalam, Shaikh Ziauddin Ahammad, Akil Ahmad, Hilal Ahmad, Faheem Ahmed, Hamad A. Al-lohedan, Mohamed Fahad Alajmi, S. Wazed Ali, Zeyad Almutairi, Othman Y. Alothman, Samira Amir, Shahid Pervez Ansari, Mohammad Omaish Ansari, Mohd Zubair Ansari, Tanvir Arfin, M. Asad, Muhammad Mohsin Azim, Sundaram Ganesh Babu, M.A. Barakat, Ying Tao Chung, Mohamed I. Fadlalla, Mohd Faraz, Uzma Haseen, Kaizar Hossain, Iqbal Hussain, Afzal Hussain, Suzylawati Ismail, Norli Ismail, M. Jawaid, Anish Khan, Srinivasan Krishnan, Rajeev Kumar, Mohammad Asaduddin Laskar, David Lokhat, G. Madhavi, Ebrahim Mahmoudi, Tirivaviri A. Mamvura, Avasn Y. Maruthi, Mohamad Nasir Mohamad Ibrahim, Faruq Mohammad, Uzma Mohsin, null Momina, M. Moniruzzaman, Jean Mulopo, Ching Yin Ng, Law Yong Ng, Tabassum Parveen, Mohd Rafatullah, Habibur Rahman, Jamshaid Rashid, N. Saba, Mohammad Shahadat, Sana Siddiqui, Geoffrey S. Simate, Khalid Umar, Y. Veera Manohara Reddy, A. Vijaya Bhaskar Reddy, and Murthy Chavali Yadav

Published
2019
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38. Recent advances in polyaniline-based nanocomposites as potential adsorbents for trace metal ions

Author

Akil Ahmad, Hartini Ahmad, Ajij Golandaj, Deresh Ramjugernath, S.H. Mohd-Setapar, and David Lokhat

Subjects
Conductive polymer, Nanocomposite, Materials science, Ion exchange, Metal ions in aqueous solution, Nanotechnology, 02 engineering and technology, 010402 general chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, 0104 chemical sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Adsorption, chemistry, Fly ash, Polyaniline, medicine, 0210 nano-technology, Activated carbon, medicine.drug
Abstract

Nowadays, with a rapid extension of urbanizations and industrializations, a huge amount of metal discharge directly entered into the water bodies and contaminated the aquatic environment that has become a serious worldwide environmental problem. Considerable efforts are already in motion to address this issue in terms of developing more efficient and high-quality techniques to remove these toxic metal ions from water bodies to save the human beings from its adverse effects on their health. Among all the reported methods available, there have been growing interests in the adsorption and ion exchange that are capable of removing of toxic metal ions even in low concentration from the contaminated water. Various materials have been reported for the removal of metal ions from wastewaters such as biomasses, fly ash, silica gel and alumina, resins, rice husk ash, and activated carbon, but polyaniline nanocomposites have emerged as one of the most attractive conducting polymers due to high stability, easy methods of synthesis, feasibility of electric conductivity, and finally the low cost of the aniline monomer. The present chapter deals with the recent advances in the synthesis and characterization of polyaniline-based nanocomposites used as adsorbents and ion-exchange materials. In spite the removal and recovery of heavy metal ions from wastewaters, these nanocomposite ion-exchange materials can also be effectively utilized in other fields (e.g., photochemical degradation of organic pollutants, antimicrobial agents, and nanoconducting material). In the future, polyaniline-based nanocomposites are expected to open new approaches for demonstrating their outstanding applications in diverse fields.

Published
2018
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