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Vine Pruning residue was submitted to conventional heating and ohmic heating (OH) for the extraction of bioactive compounds and analyzed for total phenolic content (TPC), polyphenolic profile, antioxidant activity, antimicrobial activity and anticancer activity. The OH extracts were obtained using Low electric field (496.0 V/cm) or Intermediate electric field - IEF (840.0 V/cm). The tests were performed using 45 % (v/v) ethanol-water extraction solution at 80 °C at different extraction times (20 to 90 min). The extract that stood out among the others concerning anticancer potential was the one obtained by OH when used, IEF, where the TPC was significantly higher than in the other extracts which correlated with higher antioxidant, antimicrobial and anti-proliferative activity on different tumor cell lines (HepG2, MDA-MB-231, MCF-7 and Caco2). Vine pruning OH extracts obtained using green solvents by an eco-friendly procedure were revealed as a source of compounds with relevant antioxidant and anticancer activity., This work has been carried out at the Biomass and Bioenergy Research Infrastructure (BBRI)- LISBOA-01-0145-FEDER-022059, supported by Operational Programme for Competitiveness and Internationalization (PORTUGAL2020), by Lisbon Portugal Regional Operational Programme (Lisboa 2020) and by North Portugal Regional Operational Programme (Norte 2020) under the Portugal 2020 Partnership Agreement, through the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) and has been supported by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) under the scope of the strategic funding of UIDB/04469/2020 and BioTecNorte operation (NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000004) funded by the European Regional Development Fund under the scope of Norte2020 – Programa Operacional Regional do Norte. Meirielly S. Jesus thanks her fellowship supported by the International Cooperation Program CNPq/CSFat the University of Minho financed by CNPq-Brazilian Federal Agency. Zlatina Genisheva thanks to FCT for the financial support (ref. SFRH/BPD/108868/2015). Ana Cristina Carvalho was supported by the INTERACT project – “Integrated Research Environment, Agro-Chain and Technology”, no. NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000017, in its line of research entitled ISAC, co-financed by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) through NORTE 2020 (North Regional Operational Program 2014/2020)., info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

A multi-objective mixed integer linear programming model is developed to support supply chain design and planning decisions with societal goals. The developed model is built based on ToBLoOM, a Triple Bottom Line Optimization Modeling tool. Decisions include which suppliers to select, where to locate supply chain facilities and with how much capacity, which manufacturing technologies to select, where and how much inventory should be kept, which transportation network to establish and with which product flows. The model is applied to a representative European case-study evidencing its validity and applicability. Socio-economic indicators are selected based on the case-study regional context with the overall goal of contributing to the sustainability of a larger economic system – the European Union -, through the promotion of increased socio-economic equity. The following three socio-economic indicators are applied: an indicator accounting for direct job creation, as commonly found in the literature; a Gross Domestic Product-based indicator, and an Unemployment Rate-based indicator, proposed in this work. A Net Present Value objective function is also implemented to measure the supply chain economic performance. The trade-offs between the results obtained using the three socio-economic indicators and the economic performance of the supply chain are assessed. Results allow to conclude on the significant difference in supply chain decisions obtained using different socio-economic indicators. Given the subjectivity and uncertainty accompanying the attribution of weights to the different socio-economic indicators, and the significant computational time involved in the solution of the model, a new solution approach for the multi-objective problem is developed supported by a simple heuristic.

The carbon capture technology is the new concept for cleaner energy production in the Czech Republic. In order to comply with sustainability requirements, this paper summarizes the analysis of carbonate loop technology (CaO looping) from environmental aspect by the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) method by two main methodologies CML and ReCiPe. Two general scenarios were considered for evaluation – 250MWe Czech power unit based on brown coal combustion without (Scenario 1) and with carbonate loop (Scenario 2). Scenario 2 is further divided in three sub-scenarios with different source of energy for carbonate loop operation. LCA study was performed in different evaluation stages of characterization level, normalization level and pareto analyses of identifying the most significant environmental categories. Results are showing the significant reduction in scenario 2 in environmental categories of acidiphication, ozone formation and global warming potential. On the other hand, scenario 1 results in better values for abiotic depletion levels. Sub-scenarios of scenario 2 are showing, that the most optimistic is scenario 2.3 manifesting utilization of steam from carbonation process as the energy source. The most pessimistic is scenario 2.1 focusing on combustion of brown coal and no further utilization of energy from carbonation process. Environmental impacts are connected with the processes of brown coal mining and processing and with the subsequent thermal energy production. Thus, suggested scenarios are focused on the elimination of the impacts connected with mentioned processes even though brown coal is the primary source of energy in the energy mix of the Czech Republic.

Resumo: A terapêutica antiretroviral (TARV) alterou o paradigma da infeção pelo vírus da imunodeficiência humana (VIH), conhecendo‐se o risco aumentado de doença coronária nestes doentes.Apresenta‐se o caso de um homem de 57 anos, melanodérmico, com coinfecção VIH‐2/vírus hepatite B, com controlo adequado; diabetes mellitus tipo 2, insulino‐tratado e dislipidemia. Internado por enfarte agudo do miocárdio, sem supradesnivelamento ST. Realizou cateterismo ao 4.° dia de internamento, documentando‐se doença de dois vasos (segmento médio da coronária direita [CD] [90% estenose] e 1.ª obtusa marginal [OM1] com estenose de 95%). Colocaram‐se dois stents revestidos, sem intercorrências. Teve alta sob dupla antiagregação (ácido acetilsalicílico 100 mg/dia e clopidogrel 75 mg/dia) e restante terapêutica dirigida à doença coronária. Recorreu ao serviço de urgência quatro horas após a alta por pré‐cordialgia com irradiação ao membro superior esquerdo, tendo‐se diagnosticado enfarte agudo do miocárdio com supradesnivelamento do segmento ST nas derivações inferiores. Realizou coronariografia uma hora após o início da dor, que revelou oclusão de ambos os stents. A tomografia de coerência ótica (OCT) revelou boa aposição do stent na CD, trombos intra‐stent e dissecção com início na margem distal do stent. Realizou‐se angioplastia de ambas as artérias, com sucesso.A trombose aguda dos stents pode ser explicada pelo aumento do potencial trombótico conferido pelo VIH e pela diabetes. Não existem recomendações específicas relativas à TARV na prevenção secundária após síndrome coronário agudo. A abordagem multidisciplinar destes doentes é essencial para a sua orientação adequada. Abstract: Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has created a new paradigm for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)‐infected patients, but their increased risk for coronary disease is well documented.We present the case of a 57‐year‐old man, co‐infected with HIV‐2 and hepatitis B virus, adequately controlled and with insulin‐treated type 2 diabetes and dyslipidemia, who was admitted with non‐ST elevation acute myocardial infarction. Coronary angiography performed on day four of hospital stay documented two‐vessel disease (mid segment of the right coronary artery [RCA, 90% stenosis] and the first marginal). Two drug‐eluting stents were successfully implanted. The patient was discharged under dual antiplatelet therapy (aspirin 100 mg/day and clopidogrel 75 mg/day) and standard coronary artery disease medication. He was admitted to the emergency room four hours after discharge with chest pain radiating to the left arm and inferior ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction was diagnosed. Coronary angiography was performed within one hour and documented thrombosis of both stents. Optical coherence tomography revealed good apposition of the stent in the RCA, with intrastent thrombus. Angioplasty was performed, with a good outcome.The acute stent thrombosis might be explained by the thrombotic potential of HIV infection and diabetes. There are no specific guidelines regarding HAART in secondary prevention of acute coronary syndromes. A multidisciplinary approach is essential for optimal management of these patients. Palavras‐chave: Vírus da imunodeficiência humana, Trombose de stent, Doença coronária, Keywords: Human immunodeficiency virus, Stent thrombosis, Coronary disease

In this work, we investigate the impact of the expected price volatility and correlations on the overall economic assessment of lactic acid production from crude glycerol. In particular, the goals of this study are three-fold: (i) to understand how uncertainty in the inputs propagates to the model outputs; (ii) to understand the effect of the degree of pairwise correlation between input uncertainties on each other and on the outputs from the economic model (Net Present Value); and lastly, (iii) to estimate the first-order as well as independent sensitivity indices so as to identify which of the input uncertainties in the economic analysis affect the estimated NPV the most. To this end, we implemented algorithms in Matlab (R2015a) based on Monte Carlo sampling with permutation using Latin Hypercube Sampling with Iman Conover correlation control (Sin et al., 2009).The results have shown that the estimated NPVs are very sensitive to uncertainties in the inputs. In particular, not only the magnitude of the input uncertainty but also the degree and the sign of the correlation among input uncertainties matter a lot. All in all, this approach aims at providing information and powerful insights on the quality of the estimated NPV, a commonly used economic indicator, for assessing high risk and high gain biotech process investments. The results help to better assess economic feasibility under a broad range of uncertainties and ultimately minimize the risk of potential business failure commonly seen in past biorefinery developments.

Increased interest for sustainability reporting has been provoking both, companies and academics to deepen their research in sustainability and therefore on sustainability indicators. When assessing social sustainability a lack of knowledge is present and due to the increased stakeholders’ pressures and awareness on the possible social impacts along the supply chains there is a need of studying this sustainability component. This research proposes a framework for assessing social sustainability aiming to support the associated decisions on the supply chain while considering the differences that exist within the different echelons of supply chain. Sixteen social mid-point impact categories are considered and a set of quantitative social indicators were assigned to the sixteen social mid-point categories accordingly to their echelon level. The supply chain was divided into three main generic echelon levels – upstream, midstream and downstream. The validation of the proposed framework and indicators was performed through a content analysis of 142 sustainability reports containing companies in all echelons. The obtained results give clear definition of social sustainability indicators throughout the whole supply chain. Additionally, the results help practitioners to support collaborative improvement of sustainability along the supply chain. The final framework testing has been done by applying it to an upstream chemical company.

In order to reduce the effects of water pollution by anthropogenic causes, it is critical to use wastewater treatment plants networks (WWTNs) as an option to remove contaminants that are considered harmful to human health (Bagajewicz and Faria, 2009). These systems are also a milestone for the reuse of water in human activities leading to a sustainable water harnessing. To attain the aforementioned goals, this work intends to develop a systematic methodology for optimal design of WWTNs towards sustainable systems. As a preliminary investigation, a case study has been evaluated using an objective function that prioritizes the environmental aspect of sustainability, being of current investigation the inclusion of the economic and social aspects. The problem was solved formulating an NLP optimization model and the results indicate that the optimal treatment network has a distributed configuration.

Nowadays, companies are looking for new sustainable design alternatives that improve their original processes. To assess the best design alternative, economic aspects have been the preferred indicators. However, environmental and social concerns should also be included in the decision process so that truly sustainable design alternatives can be found. This work proposes a framework, called ‘Techno-Economic Sustainability Environmental Impact Diagnosis’ (TESED) that allows users to assess chemical/biochemical processes in a product oriented analysis. TESED is a systematic and generic approach that can be applied to any product/processes combination. Bioethanol production was the case-study selected to highlight the TESED framework. Two production processes using two different feedstocks, hardwood chips and cassava rhizome, have been analysed.

Due to the increase competition in the global markets, companies are increasingly receptive to new tools, which help them to improve their processes in terms of economic, environmental and social aspects. This paper aims to analyze an already existent retrofit tool called SustainPro in order to assess the level of input detail required for the analysis. Three scenarios with an increased level of input detail were analyzed. SustainPro was run to all the scenarios and conclusions were taken about the achieved output: indicators sensitivity and the design outcome suggested by the methodology. This work presents a new approach to simplify the input data used in this retrofit analysis (SustainPro) when used by industrial companies, which usually present very complex flowsheets. This study will be based on a formaldehyde production process accomplished by a Portuguese company.

The aim of this study was to analyze if differences exist between two available contrast sensitivity tests that use similar stimuli, specifically, the CSV-1000 (VectorVision, Greenville, OH)) and the VCTS-6500 (Vistech, Dayton, OH). Contrast sensitivity was measured on 105 healthy patients with ages ranged from 19 to 26 years with visual acuity of 20/25 or better. The tests were performed in the same room and contrast sensitivity was measured with the VCTS-6500 system and CSV-1000. For both tests, the spatial frequencies of 3, 6, 12 and 18 cycles per degree were recorded. Contrast sensitivity values were generally higher for the Vistech VCTS-6500 test being the difference statistically significant (p