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Photocatalysis is the change in the rate of reaction caused by light in the presence of a photocatalyst that absorbs light and is involved in the chemical transformation of the reactants. Heterogeneous photocatalysis is based mainly on semiconductor materials such as chalcogenides and metal oxides. Transition metal oxides and mixed oxides are the largest and most important groups of photocatalytic materials. This chapter discusses the photocatalytic reaction mechanisms of metal oxide semiconductors, the semiconductor bandgap structure, and the kinetics of photocatalysis.