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3 results on '"Archibald Worwui"'

1. Interactions between fecal gut microbiome, enteric pathogens, and energy regulating hormones among acutely malnourished rural Gambian children

Author

Helen M. Nabwera, Josh L. Espinoza, Archibald Worwui, Modupeh Betts, Catherine Okoi, Abdul K. Sesay, Rowan Bancroft, Schadrac C. Agbla, Sheikh Jarju, Richard S. Bradbury, Mariama Colley, Amadou T. Jallow, Jie Liu, Eric R Houpt, Andrew M. Prentice, Martin Antonio, Robin M Bernstein, Christopher L. Dupont, and Brenda A. Kwambana-Adams

Subjects
Malnutrition, Gut microbiome, Enteric pathogens, West Africa, Escherichia-Shigella, Network analysis, Medicine, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract

Background: The specific roles that gut microbiota, known pathogens, and host energy-regulating hormones play in the pathogenesis of non-edematous severe acute malnutrition (marasmus SAM) and moderate acute malnutrition (MAM) during outpatient nutritional rehabilitation are yet to be explored. Methods: We applied an ensemble of sample-specific (intra- and inter-modality) association networks to gain deeper insights into the pathogenesis of acute malnutrition and its severity among children under 5 years of age in rural Gambia, where marasmus SAM is most prevalent. Findings: Children with marasmus SAM have distinct microbiome characteristics and biologically-relevant multimodal biomarkers not observed among children with moderate acute malnutrition. Marasmus SAM was characterized by lower microbial richness and biomass, significant enrichments in Enterobacteriaceae, altered interactions between specific Enterobacteriaceae and key energy regulating hormones and their receptors. Interpretation: Our findings suggest that marasmus SAM is characterized by the collapse of a complex system with nested interactions and key associations between the gut microbiome, enteric pathogens, and energy regulating hormones. Further exploration of these systems will help inform innovative preventive and therapeutic interventions. Funding: The work was supported by the UK Medical Research Council (MRC; MC-A760-5QX00) and the UK Department for International Development (DFID) under the MRC/DFID Concordat agreement; Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (OPP 1066932) and the National Institute of Medical Research (NIMR), UK. This network analysis was supported by NIH U54GH009824 [CLD] and NSF OCE-1558453 [CLD].

Published
2021
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2. SARS-CoV-2 sequencing collaboration in west Africa shows best practices

Author

Chika Kingsley Onwuamah, Abdoulie Kanteh, Bowofoluwa Sharon Abimbola, Rahaman Ademolu Ahmed, Chika Leona Okoli, Joseph Ojonugwa Shaibu, Ayorinde B James, Olusola Ajibaye, Azuka P Okwuraiwe, Muinah Fowora, Ngozi Otuonye, Archibald Worwui, Bamidele Iwalokun, Dembo Kanteh, Rosemary A Audu, Richard Adebayo Adegbola, Umberto D'Alessandro, Babatunde Lawal Salako, and Abdul Karim Sesay

Subjects
Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Published
2021
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3. Efficacy of a novel, protein-based pneumococcal vaccine against nasopharyngeal carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae in infants: A phase 2, randomized, controlled, observer-blind study

Author

Mark R. Alderson, Kurt Dobbelaere, Magali Traskine, Ezra O. Ogundare, Yauba Saidu, Brian Greenwood, Isatou Drammeh, Abdoulie Bojang, Sonia Schoonbroodt, Kristien Swinnen, Archibald Worwui, Beate Kampmann, Olumuyiwa Owolabi, Vincent Verlant, Martin Antonio, Nathalie Devos, Fatima Ceesay, Sheikh Jarju, Martin O. C. Ota, Ebenezer Foster-Nyarko, Dorota Borys, Aderonke Odutola, Olubukola T. Idoko, and Patrick K. Owiafe

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Male, Dose-Response Relationship, Immunologic, medicine.disease_cause, Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, Pneumococcal Infections, Pneumococcal Vaccines, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Bacterial Proteins, Nasopharynx, Streptococcus pneumoniae, medicine, Humans, Single-Blind Method, 030212 general & internal medicine, Reactogenicity, Pneumolysin, General Veterinary, General Immunology and Microbiology, business.industry, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Toxoid, Infant, Vaccine efficacy, Bacterial Load, 030104 developmental biology, Infectious Diseases, Carriage, Treatment Outcome, Pneumococcal vaccine, Immunology, Carrier State, Molecular Medicine, Female, Gambia, business, medicine.drug
Abstract

Background Conserved pneumococcal proteins are potential candidates for inclusion in vaccines against pneumococcal diseases. In the first part of a two-part study, an investigational vaccine (PHiD-CV/dPly/PhtD-30) containing 10 pneumococcal serotype-specific polysaccharide conjugates (10VT) combined with pneumolysin toxoid and pneumococcal histidine triad protein D (30 μg each) was well tolerated by Gambian children. Part two, presented here, assessed the efficacy of two PHiD-CV/dPly/PhtD formulations against pneumococcal nasopharyngeal carriage (NPC) prevalence in infants. Methods In this phase 2, randomized, controlled, observer-blind trial, healthy infants aged 8–10 weeks, recruited from a peri-urban health center, were randomized (1:1:1:1:1:1) into six groups. Four groups received PHiD-CV/dPly/PhtD (10 or 30 μg of each protein), PHiD-CV, or 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine at ages 2–3–4 months (3 + 0 infant schedule) and two groups PHiD-CV/dPly/PhtD-30 or PHiD-CV at 2–4–9 months (2 + 1 infant schedule). The primary objective was impact on non-10VT NPC at ages 5–9–12 months. Secondary objectives included confirmatory analysis of protein dose superiority and safety/reactogenicity. Impact on pneumococcal NPC acquisition, bacterial load, and ply and phtD gene sequencing were explored. Results 1200 infants were enrolled between June 2011 and May 2012. Prevalences of pneumococcal (60–67%) and non-10VT (55–61%) NPC were high at baseline. Across all post-vaccination time points, efficacy of PHiD-CV/dPly/PhtD-10 and PHiD-CV/dPly/PhtD-30 against non-10VT NPC (3 + 0 schedule) was 1.1% (95% CI −21.5, 19.5) and 2.1% (−20.3, 20.3), respectively; efficacy of PHiD-CV/dPly/PhtD-30 (2 + 1 schedule) was 0.5% (−22.1, 18.9) versus PHiD-CV. No differences were observed in pneumococcal NPC acquisition, clearance, or bacterial load. Both protein-based vaccines elicited immune responses to pneumococcal proteins. Conclusions In this high carriage prevalence setting, inclusion of pneumococcal proteins in the PHiD-CV/dPly/PhtD investigational vaccine had no impact on pneumococcal NPC in infants, regardless of protein dose or schedule. Future evaluations will assess its impact against pneumococcal disease endpoints. Funding: PATH, GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals SA. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT01262872 .

Published
2017

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