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Objective: We investigated brain cortical activity alterations, using a resting-state 256-channel high-density EEG (hd-EEG), in Alzheimer's (AD) and Parkinson's (PD) disease subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and correlations between quantitative spectral EEG parameters and the global cognitive status assessed by Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) score., Methods: Fifteen AD-MCI, eleven PD-MCI and ten age-matched healthy-controls (HC) underwent hd-EEG recordings and neuropsychological assessment. Cerebrospinal fluid biomarker analysis was performed to obtain well-characterized groups. EEG spectral features were extracted and the differences between the three groups, as well as correlations with MoCA, were investigated., Results: The results showed significantly lower alpha2 power and alpha2/alpha1 ratio in both AD-MCI and PD-MCI compared to controls. The significantly higher theta and lower beta power and alpha/theta ratio were observed in PD-MCI compared to AD-MCI and HC. MoCA score correlated inversely with theta power and directly with alpha2 and beta powers, as well as with alpha2/alpha1 and alpha/theta ratios., Conclusions: This study highlighted significant differences in EEG patterns in AD-MCI and PD-MCI patients and remarked the role of EEG parameters as possible surrogate markers of cognitive status in both neurodegenerative diseases., Significance: In addition to well-established biomarkers, our findings could support early detection of cognitive dysfunction in neurodegenerative disorders and could help to monitor disease progression and therapeutic responses., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2022 International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Purpose: Neurogenic stuttering may be evident after a lesion/dysfunction of wider neural networks. Here we present a case of acquired stuttering as the consequence of immune-mediated encephalitis., Methods: The case of a 71-year old male who complained about the progressive onset of stuttering and disequilibrium as the consequence of immune-mediated encephalitis, is here reported. Administration of corticosteroid methylprednisolone was useful to recover from impairments. An in depth analysis of the electroencephalography (relative power of brain rhythms and source localization) during different phases of the disease/treatment was also realized., Results: The patient showed a stuttering-like slowed speech with blocks and repetitions, especially at the beginning of words/sentences, with associated movements of the oro-facial muscles. Speech and general motor skills resulted slowed in their preparation/execution phases. Electroencephalography showed a "slowed" pattern, with delta/theta waves mainly in the prefrontal cortex and in sensorimotor networks., Conclusion: This case reports a probable immune-mediated encephalitis that resulted in acquired stuttering. The effect of "slowed" oscillatory brain activity on motor skills requesting sequencing and fine coordination (e.g. speech) could result in less "synchronized" systems, easily prone to disruptions., (Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)