19 results on '"Chamorro S"'
Search Results
2. Evidence of MIS 5 sea-level highstands in Gebel Mousa coast (Strait of Gibraltar, North of Africa)
- Author
-
Abad, M, Rodríguez Vidal, Joaquín, Aboumaria, K., Zaghloul, M. N., Ruiz, F., Martínez Aguirre, Aránzazu, Izquierdo, Tatiana, Chamorro, S., Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Física Aplicada I, and Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICIN). España
- Subjects
Morocco ,Notch ,U-series dating ,Strait of Gibraltar ,MIS 5 ,Marine terrace - Abstract
The Last Interglacial is considered the most suitable episode from which to infer patterns of rapid sea-level change since its climatic conditions were similar to those of the present interglacial. However, specifying the true position of its sea level with high accuracy is very troublesome in the absence of sedimentological, erosional or even palaeontological markers. This study investigates the morphosedimentary evidence (beach deposits, cliff, notch and shore platform) of two highstands registered and dated during MIS 5 stage by U-series dating in the North of Morocco (Strait of Gibraltar). Bioerosive notches and mixed siliciclastic and carbonate deposits, high energy beaches with algal bioherms, were formed in coastal environments during MIS 5a. A sea-level height of +10 m asl can be inferred for this substage. The record of MIS 5e substage is less defined in the geomorphological record, consisting of backshore/foreshore deposits located at +13 to +15 m asl. A tectonic uplift rate of ~0.1 mm/yr has been estimated for the last 130 kyr. These data are consistent with models of coastal uplifting calculated for the Strait of Gibraltar. Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación CGL2010-15810/BTE
- Published
- 2013
3. Evidence of MIS 5 sea-level highstands in Gebel Mousa coast (Strait of Gibraltar, North of Africa)
- Author
-
Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Física Aplicada I, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICIN). España, Abad, M, Rodríguez Vidal, Joaquín, Aboumaria, K., Zaghloul, M. N., Ruiz, F., Martínez Aguirre, Aránzazu, Izquierdo, Tatiana, Chamorro, S., Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Física Aplicada I, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICIN). España, Abad, M, Rodríguez Vidal, Joaquín, Aboumaria, K., Zaghloul, M. N., Ruiz, F., Martínez Aguirre, Aránzazu, Izquierdo, Tatiana, and Chamorro, S.
- Abstract
The Last Interglacial is considered the most suitable episode from which to infer patterns of rapid sea-level change since its climatic conditions were similar to those of the present interglacial. However, specifying the true position of its sea level with high accuracy is very troublesome in the absence of sedimentological, erosional or even palaeontological markers. This study investigates the morphosedimentary evidence (beach deposits, cliff, notch and shore platform) of two highstands registered and dated during MIS 5 stage by U-series dating in the North of Morocco (Strait of Gibraltar). Bioerosive notches and mixed siliciclastic and carbonate deposits, high energy beaches with algal bioherms, were formed in coastal environments during MIS 5a. A sea-level height of +10 m asl can be inferred for this substage. The record of MIS 5e substage is less defined in the geomorphological record, consisting of backshore/foreshore deposits located at +13 to +15 m asl. A tectonic uplift rate of ~0.1 mm/yr has been estimated for the last 130 kyr. These data are consistent with models of coastal uplifting calculated for the Strait of Gibraltar.
- Published
- 2013
4. Phenotypic and functional characterization of porcine granulocyte developmental stages using two new markers
- Author
-
Pérez, Carlos, Revilla Calvo, Concepción, Álvarez, Belén, Chamorro, S., Correa, C., Doménech, N., Alonso, Frank, Ezquerra Martínez, Ángel, Domínguez, Javier, Pérez, Carlos, Revilla Calvo, Concepción, Álvarez, Belén, Chamorro, S., Correa, C., Doménech, N., Alonso, Frank, Ezquerra Martínez, Ángel, and Domínguez, Javier
- Abstract
Here, we describe two new surface antigens, named 6D10 and 2B2, whose expression is restricted to porcine granulocytes. 6D10 is only detected in neutrophils and its expression decreases from promyelocytes to mature cells. By contrast, 2B2 antigen is selectively expressed in mature neutrophils, eosinophils and basophils. The expression of these antigens along granulocyte maturation allows the discrimination of several developmental stages of granulocytes based on phenotypic, morphological and functional characteristics previously established. Moreover, these new markers are useful tools to easily characterize the different granulocytes lineages (neutrophils, eosinophils and basophils). By using multiparameter flow cytometric analysis, we have performed a phenotypic and functional characterization of the granulocyte subsets identified by the combination of 6D10 and 2B2 antigens. © 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
- Published
- 2007
5. Molecular cloning, characterization and tissue expression of porcine Toll-like receptor 4
- Author
-
Álvarez, Belén, Revilla Calvo, Concepción, Chamorro, S., López-Fraga, M., Alonso, Fernando, Domínguez, Javier, Ezquerra Martínez, Ángel, Álvarez, Belén, Revilla Calvo, Concepción, Chamorro, S., López-Fraga, M., Alonso, Fernando, Domínguez, Javier, and Ezquerra Martínez, Ángel
- Abstract
A cDNA containing the porcine Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) coding sequence has been cloned by RT-PCR from alveolar macrophages mRNA, and its complete sequence has been determined. The predicted amino acid sequence comprises an extracellular domain with 21 leucine-rich repeats (LRR) and a LRR-C-terminal (LRR-CT) motif, followed by a 30 amino acid transmembrane segment, and a 179 amino acid intracytoplasmic region containing the Toll/IL-1R domain. Pig TLR4 shows 63-80% amino acid sequence identity with those of cow, horse, cat, human, rabbit and mouse. The degree of sequence identity rises to over 90% in the TIR domain. The whole TLR4 sequence and its ectodomain were expressed as GFP fusion proteins in CHO cells. Using RT-PCR analysis, porcine TLR4 transcripts were detected in DCs, monocytes and macrophages, and in tissue samples of bone marrow, thymus, lymph node, spleen, brain, liver, kidney and ovary. The expressed protein will be used for the development of reagents. Knowledge of TLR4 expression will help to address mechanisms of immune induction by antigens and vaccines. © 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
- Published
- 2006
6. Differential expression of chemokine receptors and CD95 in porcine CD4+ T cell subsets
- Author
-
Revilla Calvo, Concepción, Álvarez, Belén, López-Fraga, M., Chamorro, S., Martínez, P., Ezquerra Martínez, Ángel, Alonso, Fernando, Domínguez, Javier, Revilla Calvo, Concepción, Álvarez, Belén, López-Fraga, M., Chamorro, S., Martínez, P., Ezquerra Martínez, Ángel, Alonso, Fernando, and Domínguez, Javier
- Abstract
Among other differences, naïve and memory T cells show distinct migratory patterns and susceptibility to CD95-mediated cell death. We have recently characterised in the pig two subsets of CD4+ T cells, based on the expression of the 2E3 marker, that display phenotypic and functional features of naïve (CD4+2E3+) and effector/memory (CD4+2E3-) T cells. In this study, we have analysed the expression of several chemokine receptors, as well as the distribution of CD95 antigen (APO-1/Fas) in these CD4+ T cell subsets. CD4 +2E3- T cells express high levels of CXCR3 and CCR4 transcripts but not of CCR7. On the contrary, CCR7 is clearly detected in CD4+2E3+ T cells, whereas CXCR3 and CCR4 are negative or present at trace levels. These subsets also differ in the expression of CD95 antigen, being CD95 positive cells significantly more abundant in the CD4 +2E3- cell subset. These findings, although based on a small number of animals, fit well with those reported for naïve and memory CD4+ T cells in humans. © 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
- Published
- 2005
7. In vitro differentiation of porcine blood CD163- and CD163+ monocytes into functional dendritic cells
- Author
-
Chamorro, S., Revilla Calvo, Concepción, Gómez, Nuria, Álvarez, Belén, Alonso, Fernando, Ezquerra Martínez, Ángel, Domínguez, Javier, Chamorro, S., Revilla Calvo, Concepción, Gómez, Nuria, Álvarez, Belén, Alonso, Fernando, Ezquerra Martínez, Ángel, and Domínguez, Javier
- Abstract
Swine monocytes constitute a heterogeneous cell population containing subsets with distinct functional capacities or representing different maturational stages. Based on the expression of CD163, we have recently identified two monocyte subpopulations. In this study, we investigate the ability of both CD163- and CD163+ monocytes to differentiate into dendritic cells (DCs) in the presence of GM-CSF and IL-4. Monocyte differentiation into DC is accompanied by an up-regulation of the expression of swine leukocyte antigen (SLA) I, SLA II and CD80/86 molecules, and a decrease in the expression of CD14, CD16 and CD163. These DC express the pan-myeloid marker SWC3 and display typical dendritic cytoplasmic projections. When monocytes are split into CD163+ and CD163- cells, both subsets give rise to DC. However, compared to CD163- monocyte-derived DC (MoDC), CD163+ MoDC appear to have reached a more advanced stage of maturation, expressing higher levels of SLA II and CD80/86 and inducing more efficiently proliferation of T cells to recall antigens and alloantigens. © 2004 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.
- Published
- 2004
8. Identification of porcine macrophages with monoclonal antibodies in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues
- Author
-
Doménech, N., Rodríguez-Carreño, M. P., Filgueira, P., Álvarez, Belén, Chamorro, S., Domínguez, Javier, Doménech, N., Rodríguez-Carreño, M. P., Filgueira, P., Álvarez, Belén, Chamorro, S., and Domínguez, Javier
- Abstract
Here we report the successful use of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) BL1H7, BA1C11 (anti-SWC3) and 4E9 for immunohistochemical identification of macrophages in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded porcine tissues. Retrieval of antigen reactivity was achieved by heating the slides in a domestic pressure cooker, which makes the technique suitable for the routine laboratory. This method allows to perform retrospective studies in routinely processed tissues and may be useful to investigate the role of macrophages in different pathological processes. © 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
- Published
- 2003
9. Isolation and characterization of immortalized porcine aortic endothelial cell lines
- Author
-
Carrillo, Ana, Chamorro, S., Rodríguez-Gago, M., Álvarez, Belén, Molina, M. J., Rodriguez-Barbosa, Jose-Ignacio, Sánchez, Alicia, Ramírez, Pablo, Muñoz, Antonio, Domínguez, Javier, Parrilla, P., Yélamos, J., Carrillo, Ana, Chamorro, S., Rodríguez-Gago, M., Álvarez, Belén, Molina, M. J., Rodriguez-Barbosa, Jose-Ignacio, Sánchez, Alicia, Ramírez, Pablo, Muñoz, Antonio, Domínguez, Javier, Parrilla, P., and Yélamos, J.
- Abstract
Primary porcine endothelial cells have a limited life span in culture. After four to five passages, they tend to de-differentiate and eventually reach senescence. The aim of this work was to establish immortalized porcine aortic endothelial cell lines (AOCs) to facilitate in vitro studies of different pathological process involving the endothelium. Primary porcine aortic endothelial cells (PAECs) were transfected with a plasmid containing the SV40 genome and selected on the basis of morphological and phenotypical features. Flow cytometry analysis demonstrated uptake of acetylated low density lipoproteins (Ac-LDL) and constitutive expression of SLA class I, CD29, CD31, CD41/61, CD80/86, CD46, SWC3, and LAMP-1 antigens by all analyzed lines and showed little differences to primary cells. The functional similarity between primary and immortalized endothelial cells was demonstrated in a cytotoxicity assay using a human natural killer cell line (NKL) as effector. The AOCs cell lines should be valuable tools for in vitro study of the human immune response against pig endothelial cells. In addition, they would be very useful to gain insight in the pathogenesis of some viral haemorrhagic diseases of pig such as African swine fever (ASF) or classical swine fever (CSF). © 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
- Published
- 2002
10. Phenotypic characterization of monocyte subpopulations in the pig
- Author
-
Chamorro, S., Revilla Calvo, Concepción, Álvarez, Belén, López-Fuertes, L., Ezquerra Martínez, Ángel, Domínguez, Javier, Chamorro, S., Revilla Calvo, Concepción, Álvarez, Belén, López-Fuertes, L., Ezquerra Martínez, Ángel, and Domínguez, Javier
- Abstract
We have recently described the existence of two subsets of porcine monocytes based on the expression of CD163. In this study we compare the expression of a number of cell surface antigens in CD163+ and CD163- monocyte subsets using three-color flow cytometry. These monocyte subsets show differences with respect to the expression of MHC class II antigens (SLA-DR and DQ) and a variety of adhesion molecules (CD11a, wCD11c, wCD29, CD49d) that are expressed at higher levels on CD163+ monocytes, and of CD14 that is higher expressed by CD163- cells. These differences on phenotype could reflect differences in the ability of these two subsets to migrate to tissues and may account for the higher allostimulatory capacity of CD163+ cells. In some aspects, the phenoype of CD163+ monocytes resembles that of mature macrophages. In vitro serum-induced maturation of monocytes into macrophages lead to the expression of SWC9 together with an increase in the expression of CD163 and a reduction in that of CD14. These results delineate a maturation pathway where CD14(hi)CD163-SWC9- monocytes develop into CD14(lo)CD163+SWC9- monocytes and these cells into CD14(lo)CD163+SWC9+ macrophages.
- Published
- 2000
11. Assessment of performance and egg quality in laying hens of Spanish indigenous breed Black Castellana as compared with a selected white egg-layer strain.
- Author
-
Romero C, Yustos JL, Sánchez-Román I, López-Torres M, and Chamorro S
- Subjects
- Animals, Female, Ovum physiology, Ovum chemistry, Eggs analysis, Spain, Reproduction, Chickens physiology, Chickens genetics, Diet veterinary, Animal Feed analysis
- Abstract
Indigenous animal genetic resources should be preserved because of their well adaptation to the environment, their tolerance to low food availability and their sociocultural importance. The characterization of the quality of the products generated by heritage breeds may bring more arguments to encourage the raising of these animals. This study aimed at evaluating the egg performance and quality of Spanish indigenous Black Castellana (BC) breed as compared with a selected strain (Lohmann LSL-Classic). Four groups of 30 hens were arranged: 1) Lohmann hens fed a control diet; 2) BC hens fed the control diet; 3) Lohmann hens fed a diet including linseed at 70 g/kg (omega-3 diet); 4) BC hens fed the omega-3 diet. Egg production was higher by 12.3% for Lohmann hens but, since BC eggs were heavier by 15.4%, no effect of genetics was found on daily egg mass. Feed intake was higher by 5.0% for BC hens. Nonetheless, no difference was detected for feed conversion ratio. Eggshell was thicker by 6.78% in Lohmann eggs. Haugh units did not differ among freshly laid and stored eggs in Lohmann hens, whereas Haugh units decreased in stored BC eggs (80.5 vs. 76.7 vs. 72.3 at 0, 14, and 30 d of storage). Yolks of BC eggs contained less fat (57.5 vs. 60.8% DM), more protein (32.8 vs. 31.9% DM) and more cholecalciferol (1.25 vs. 1.22 μg/g DM), and showed lower proportion of saturated fatty acids (29.0 vs. 37.0%) and higher proportions of monounsaturated (45.7 vs. 39.6%) and polyunsaturated (25.2 vs. 23.4%) fatty acids. Feeding the omega-3 diet reduced the yolk proportions of saturated (32.5 vs. 33.5%) and monounsaturated (42.0 vs. 43.3%) fatty acids and increased those of polyunsaturated (25.4 vs. 23.2%) and ω-3 (7.05 vs. 2.42%) fatty acids. No effect due to genetics or diet was found on yolk color score or on yolk content in cholesterol, cobalamin, retinol and γ-tocopherol. This study represents the first exhaustive characterization of eggs from Spanish indigenous Black Castellana breed., Competing Interests: DISCLOSURES The authors declare no conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. COVID-19 and geographical area of origin.
- Author
-
Norman FF, Crespillo-Andújar C, Pérez-Molina JA, Comeche B, Chamorro S, Monge-Maillo B, Moreno-Guillén S, and López-Vélez R
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Africa ethnology, Age Factors, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Asia ethnology, COVID-19 mortality, Child, Comorbidity, Europe epidemiology, Female, Hospital Mortality, Hospitalization, Humans, Intensive Care Units, Latin America ethnology, Male, Middle Aged, Retrospective Studies, Spain, Young Adult, COVID-19 ethnology
- Abstract
Objectives: To describe and compare the main clinical characteristics and outcome measures in hospitalized patients with confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) according to geographical area of origin., Methods: A retrospective analysis of patients hospitalized with confirmed COVID-19 at a referral centre in Madrid, Spain, during March-May 2020 was performed. Recorded variables (age, gender, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, outcome), and geographical area of origin were compared for Europeans and non-Europeans (Latin Americans, Asians and Africans)., Results: In total, 2345 patients with confirmed COVID-19 hospitalized during the study period were included in the study. Of these, 1956 (83.4%) were European and 389 (16.6%) were non-European (of whom over 90%, 354/389, were Latin American). Non-Europeans were significantly younger than Europeans (mean 54 (SD 13.5) versus 70.4 (SD 15.1) years, p < 0.001); the majority were male (1420/2345, 60.6%), with no significant differences in gender between Europeans and non-Europeans (1197/1956 (61.2%) male in the European group versus 223/389 (57.3%) male in the non-European group, p 0.15). In-hospital mortality overall was higher in Europeans (443/1956, 22.7%) than in non-Europeans (40/389, 10.3%) (p < 0.001), but there were no significant differences when adjusted for age/gender (OR 1.27, 95% CI 0.86-1.88). Non-Europeans were more frequently admitted to ICU (71/389, 18.3%) compared with Europeans (187/1956, 9.6%) (p < 0.001) and a difference in ICU admission rate was also found when adjusted for age/gender (OR 1.43, 95% CI 1.03-1.98)., Conclusions: No significant differences in mortality were observed between Europeans and non-Europeans (mainly Latin Americans), but an increase in ICU admission rate was found in non-Europeans., (Copyright © 2020 European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. Addition of fermented and unfermented grape skin in broilers' diets: effect on digestion, growth performance, intestinal microbiota and oxidative stability of meat.
- Author
-
Nardoia M, Romero C, Brenes A, Arija I, Viveros A, Ruiz-Capillas C, and Chamorro S
- Subjects
- Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena, Animals, Diet veterinary, Dietary Supplements analysis, Digestion, Escherichia coli, Meat, Oxidative Stress, Animal Feed analysis, Chickens growth & development, Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Vitis
- Abstract
Grape skin is a source of polyphenols with antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. Little information is available regarding its application in animal feeding. The present study investigated the effect of inclusion of fermented (FS) and unfermented (UFS) grape skin at two different doses (30 g/kg, FS30 and UFS30, and 60 g/kg, FS60 and UFS60) and 200 mg/kg vitamin E (α-tocopheryl acetate) in a corn-soybean diet on growth performance, ileal protein digestibility, ileal and excreta total extractable polyphenols content and digestibility, intestinal microbiota and thigh meat oxidation in broiler chickens. Growth performance was depressed in chickens fed UFS and FS diets. A reduction in ileal protein digestibility was also observed in birds fed UFS, being this effect more pronounced in those fed 60 g/kg. The dietary inclusion of grape skin increased both ileal and excreta polyphenols contents, being higher in birds fed UFS than in those fed FS. Excreta moisture content increased in birds fed UFS and FS diets. No effect of dietary inclusion of grape skin was observed on ileal counts of lactic-acid bacteria and Clostridium, but UFS inclusion in the diet reduced ileal count of Escherichia coli as compared with FS dietary inclusion. After 7 days of refrigerated storage, values of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) were lower in chicken meat when grape skin was added in the diet at 60 g/kg instead of 30 g/kg, and meat from birds fed 60 g/kg of grape skin reached TBARS values similar to those of birds supplemented with vitamin E. In conclusion, high doses of grape skin polyphenols depressed growth performance and protein digestibility, and increased excreta moisture content. Unfermented grape skin contained more polyphenols than FS, and its inclusion in the diet led to higher ileal and excreta polyphenols contents and to a lower ileal count of E. coli. Furthermore, the antioxidant potential of the polyphenols present in grape skin was observed after 7 days of meat storage, with the dose of 60 g/kg of grape skin being as effective as vitamin E supplementation in maintaining oxidative stability of meat.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor contributes to the MEK/ERK-dependent maintenance of the immature state of human dendritic cells.
- Author
-
Aguilera-Montilla N, Chamorro S, Nieto C, Sánchez-Cabo F, Dopazo A, Fernández-Salguero PM, Rodríguez-Fernández JL, Pello OM, Andrés V, Cuenda A, Alonso B, Domínguez-Soto A, Sánchez-Ramón S, and Corbí AL
- Subjects
- Blotting, Western, Butadienes pharmacology, Cells, Cultured, Chemokine CCL2 genetics, Chemokine CCL2 metabolism, Core Binding Factor Alpha 3 Subunit genetics, Core Binding Factor Alpha 3 Subunit metabolism, Dendritic Cells drug effects, Enzyme Inhibitors pharmacology, Flavonoids pharmacology, Gene Expression drug effects, Gene Expression Profiling, Hep G2 Cells, Humans, Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase genetics, Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase metabolism, Lipopolysaccharides pharmacology, MAP Kinase Signaling System drug effects, Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1 antagonists & inhibitors, Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1 genetics, Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3 antagonists & inhibitors, Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3 genetics, Monocytes drug effects, Monocytes metabolism, Nitriles pharmacology, Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis, Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins pharmacology, Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon genetics, Receptors, CCR7 genetics, Receptors, CCR7 metabolism, Dendritic Cells metabolism, Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1 metabolism, Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3 metabolism, Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon metabolism
- Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) promote tolerance or immunity depending on their maturation state, which is enhanced or accelerated upon MEK-ERK signaling pathway inhibition. We have determined the contribution of MEK-ERK activation to the profile of gene expression of human immature monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MDDCs) and peripheral blood myeloid DCs. ERK inhibition altered the expression of genes that mediate Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 19 (CCL19)-directed migration (CCR7) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) binding (CD36, SCARB1, OLR1, CXCL16) by immature DCs. In addition, ERK upregulated CCL2 expression while impairing the expression of DC maturation markers (RUNX3, ITGB7, IDO1). MEK-ERK-regulated genes exhibited an overrepresentation of cognate sequences for the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) transcription factor, whose transcriptional and DNA-binding activities increased in MDDCs upon exposure to the MEK1/2 inhibitor U0126. Therefore, the MEK-ERK signaling pathway regulates antigen capture, lymph node homing, and acquisition of maturation-associated genes, and its contribution to the maintenance of the immature state of MDDCs and myeloid DCs is partly dependent on the activity of AhR. Since pharmacologic modulation of the MEK-ERK signaling pathway has been proposed as a potential therapeutic strategy for cancer, our findings indicate that ERK inhibitors might influence antitumor responses through regulation of critical DC effector functions.
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Effects of dietary grape seed extract on growth performance, amino acid digestibility and plasma lipids and mineral content in broiler chicks.
- Author
-
Chamorro S, Viveros A, Centeno C, Romero C, Arija I, and Brenes A
- Subjects
- Amino Acids metabolism, Animal Feed analysis, Animals, Chickens growth & development, Diet, Digestion, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, France, Lipids blood, Male, Minerals blood, Proteins metabolism, Random Allocation, Vitis chemistry, Weight Gain, Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena, Chickens physiology, Dietary Supplements analysis, Grape Seed Extract administration & dosage
- Abstract
Polyphenols are chemically and biologically active compounds. Grape seed extracts (GSEs) have been widely used as a human food supplement for health promotion and disease prevention. However, there is little information regarding its application in animal feeds. An experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of inclusion of GSE at 0.025, 0.25, 2.5 and 5.0 g/kg in a wheat soya bean control diet on growth performance, protein and amino acid (AA) digestibility and plasma lipid and mineral concentrations in broiler chickens at 21 days of age. Performance was not affected by dietary treatment except in the case of birds fed the diet with the highest GSE concentration, which showed a worsening of weight gain and feed conversion. Apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of protein was significantly reduced in the birds fed the highest concentration of GSE, which also had a reduction on the AID of arginine, histidine, phenylalanine, cystine, glutamic acid and proline compared with those fed control diet. The inclusion of graded concentration of GSE in the chicken diets caused a significant linear decrease in the concentrations of plasma copper, iron and zinc. Plasma cholesterol, triglycerides and lipoproteins (high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein and very-low-density lipoprotein) concentrations were not affected by dietary GSE. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that incorporation of GSE in chicken diets up to 2.5 g/kg had no adverse effect on growth performance or protein and AA digestibility. Feed conversion was reduced and growth rate was retarded, when chickens were fed 5 g/kg of GSE. This study also indicated that grape polyphenols reduce the free plasma minerals.
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Effects of dietary polyphenol-rich grape products on intestinal microflora and gut morphology in broiler chicks.
- Author
-
Viveros A, Chamorro S, Pizarro M, Arija I, Centeno C, and Brenes A
- Subjects
- Animal Feed analysis, Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena, Animals, Bacteria classification, Intestines anatomy & histology, Intestines microbiology, Male, Polyphenols, Chickens, Diet veterinary, Flavonoids chemistry, Flavonoids pharmacology, Intestines drug effects, Phenols chemistry, Phenols pharmacology, Vitis chemistry
- Abstract
Grapes have high amounts of phenolic compounds, which can modulate the gut activity as well as modify the structure and function of the gastrointestinal tract. The microbiological activity of avoparcin, grape pomace concentrate, and grape seed extract was evaluated in an in vitro study. An in vivo experiment was also conducted to study the effect of the inclusion of grape pomace concentrate and grape seed extract in the diet of broiler chicks on performance, intestinal microflora (by cultured and terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism methodology), and gut morphology at 21 d of age. Dietary treatments included an antibiotic-free diet (CON), a positive control (AVP; 50 mg/kg of avoparcin), and antibiotic-free diets containing grape pomace concentrate (GPC; 60 g/kg) or grape seed extract (GSE; 7.2 g/kg). Performance was not affected by dietary treatment except in the case of birds fed the GSE diet, which showed decreased weight gain. In the ileal content, birds fed CON and GSE diets had the highest populations of Lactobacillus. Compared with the CON diet, the AVP, GPC, and GSE diets increased the populations of Enterococcus and decreased the counts of Clostridium in the ileal content. In the cecal digesta, birds fed GPC and GSE diets had higher populations of Escherichia coli, Lactobacillus, Enterococcus, and Clostridium than birds in any other treatment group. Animals fed GPC and GSE diets showed a higher biodiversity degree than those fed control diets. The frequency of detection of several potential phenol-degrading bacteria as well as unidentified and uncultured organisms was increased in animals fed GPC and GSE diets. Birds fed the CON diet had longer villi and deeper crypt depth than birds in any other treatment group. The highest villi height:crypt depth ratio corresponded to birds fed GPC and AVP diets and the lowest to those fed CON and GSE diets. In conclusion, dietary polyphenol-rich grape products modify the gut morphology and intestinal microflora and increase the biodiversity degree of intestinal bacteria in broiler chicks.
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. Effect on digestion and performance of dietary protein content and of increased substitution of lucerne hay with soya-bean protein concentrate in starter diets for young rabbits.
- Author
-
Chamorro S, Gómez-Conde MS, Pérez de Rozas AM, Badiola I, Carabaño R, and De Blas JC
- Abstract
The aim of this work was to study the effect of protein source / availability on the intestinal microbiota, digestive traits and nutritional performance of early-weaned rabbits. The effects of supplemental antibiotics in the drinking water were also evaluated. Four isoenergetic and isofibrous diets were formulated: a control diet with a high protein (207 g/kg dry matter (DM)) and lucerne hay content (HPHL), a diet with low crude protein (CP) (179 g/kg DM) and high lucerne hay content (LPHL) and low protein diets in which the lucerne hay in diet LPHL was replaced partially (LPML) or totally (LPLL) with soya-bean protein concentrate. Rabbits, weaned at 25 days (52 per diet), were fed the experimental diets for a 2-week period and thereafter received a commercial diet until 56 days of age. The incidence of mortality was investigated using 70 animals per diet without supplemental medication. The profile of the ileal microbiota was studied at 35 days of age in rabbits treated (18 per diet) or not (12 per diet) with antibiotic. As expected, supplementation with antibiotics effectively reduced fattening mortality rate and microbial biodiversity. However, lowering of also the dietary CP content led to a reduction in the mortality rate ( P < 0.05), both in animals treated with (by 80%) or without (by 39%) antibiotics. In addition, there was a reduction ( P < 0.05) in the frequency of Clostridium perfringens in non-medicated animals. Neither jejunal morphology nor growth performance, over the whole fattening period, was affected by dietary CP content of the experimental diets. However, with HPHL, feed efficiency was higher (by 4.8%; P < 0.01) than with LPHL diets. Substitution of lucerne hay with soya-bean meal in low protein diets did not affect apparent faecal or ileal digestibility of DM and CP. However, the ileal digestibility of cystine, alanine, aspartic acid, and proline was lowered ( P < 0.05) with increasing substitution by soya bean. Nevertheless, ileal CP flow, incidence of mortality and presence of C. perfringens were unaffected. Our results suggest that a reduction in dietary CP, resulting in reduced lumenal flows of nitrogen through the ileum, may be beneficial for young rabbits and limit the numbers of potentially harmful bacteria in the lower gut. Modulation of dietary CP should be contemplated as a strategy to increase the intestinal health in rabbits.
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. In vitro differentiation of porcine blood CD163- and CD163+ monocytes into functional dendritic cells.
- Author
-
Chamorro S, Revilla C, Gómez N, Alvarez B, Alonso F, Ezquerra A, and Domínguez J
- Subjects
- Animals, Culture Media, Flow Cytometry, In Vitro Techniques, Phenotype, T-Lymphocytes immunology, Antigens, CD physiology, Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic physiology, Cell Differentiation, Dendritic Cells physiology, Monocytes cytology, Receptors, Cell Surface physiology, Swine blood
- Abstract
Swine monocytes constitute a heterogeneous cell population containing subsets with distinct functional capacities or representing different maturational stages. Based on the expression of CD163, we have recently identified two monocyte subpopulations. In this study, we investigate the ability of both CD163- and CD163+ monocytes to differentiate into dendritic cells (DCs) in the presence of GM-CSF and IL-4. Monocyte differentiation into DC is accompanied by an up-regulation of the expression of swine leukocyte antigen (SLA) I, SLA II and CD80/86 molecules, and a decrease in the expression of CD14, CD16 and CD163. These DC express the pan-myeloid marker SWC3 and display typical dendritic cytoplasmic projections. When monocytes are split into CD163+ and CD163- cells, both subsets give rise to DC. However, compared to CD163- monocyte-derived DC (MoDC), CD163+ MoDC appear to have reached a more advanced stage of maturation, expressing higher levels of SLA II and CD80/86 and inducing more efficiently proliferation of T cells to recall antigens and alloantigens.
- Published
- 2004
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Phenotypic characterization of monocyte subpopulations in the pig.
- Author
-
Chamorro S, Revilla C, Alvarez B, López-Fuertes L, Ezquerra A, and Domínguez J
- Subjects
- Animals, Cell Differentiation immunology, Monocytes cytology, Antigens, CD immunology, Immunophenotyping, Monocytes immunology, Swine immunology
- Abstract
We have recently described the existence of two subsets of porcine monocytes based on the expression of CD163. In this study we compare the expression of a number of cell surface antigens in CD163+ and CD163- monocyte subsets using three-color flow cytometry. These monocyte subsets show differences with respect to the expression of MHC class II antigens (SLA-DR and DQ) and a variety of adhesion molecules (CD11a, wCD11c, wCD29, CD49d) that are expressed at higher levels on CD163+ monocytes, and of CD14 that is higher expressed by CD 163- cells. These differences on phenotype could reflect differences in the ability of these two subsets to migrate to tissues and may account for the higher allostimulatory capacity of CD163+ cells. In some aspects, the phenotype of CD163+ monocytes resembles that of mature macrophages. In vitro serum-induced maturation of monocytes into macrophages lead to the expression of SWC9 together with an increase in the expression of CD163 and a reduction in that of CD14. These results delineate a maturation pathway where CD14hiCD163-SWC9- monocytes develop into CD14loCD163+SWC9- monocytes and these cells into CD14loCD163+SWC9+ macrophages.
- Published
- 2000
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
Catalog
Discovery Service for Jio Institute Digital Library
For full access to our library's resources, please sign in.