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Publisher Summary Among respiratory diseases influenza remains the major cause of mortality and morbidity. There have been only two options available to reduce the impact of the influenza virus. The first one is vaccines. The influenza vaccines currently in use are inactivated subunit vaccines containing hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) obtained from various strains of cultured flu virus. They are reasonably effective against the strain used to make the vaccine and are cost-effective. The introduction of the novel NA inhibitors provided humankind with the opportunity to control the influenza epidemics, a disease sometimes causing fatal consequences. The use of both oseltamivir and zanamivir in clinics has proved that influenza NA is a valid target, and the significance of viral resistance is yet to be seen. These drugs can be widely used in both prophylaxis and treatment of human influenza virus infections.