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Objective: To investigate the changes in fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) after treatment and the association between FeNO changes and the prognosis and lung function of children with asthma. Methods: A total of 144 children newly enrolled with non-standardized treatment of asthma were recruited between September 2020 and December 2021. The children were divided into two groups according to the initial FeNO (0 day), and the changes in FeNO after Budesonide/Formoterol Inhalation Powder Mist (B/FIPM) treatment were observed in different subgroups in correlation with future outcomes after 1 year (well controlled or partly controlled) and lung function. Results: The study showed that B/FIPM therapy significantly reduced FeNO levels and eosinophils (EOS) counts, improving pulmonary function (P 0 (72.73 %) than that in the ΔFeNO ≤0 group (53.85 %) (P = 0.042). Conclusion: B/FIPM is effective in reducing FeNO levels and EOS counts and restoring lung function in children with asthma. In addition, post-treatment changes in FeNO were predictive of prognosis and correlated with post-treatment lung function.

Antibiotic resistance is an escalating global health concern, exacerbated by the pervasive presence of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in natural environments. The Yangtze River, the world's third-longest river, traversing areas with intense human activities, presents a unique ecosystem for studying the impact of these genes on human health. Here, we explored ARGs in the Yangtze River, examining 204 samples from six distinct habitats of approximately 6000 km of the river, including free-living and particle-associated settings, surface and bottom sediments, and surface and bottom bank soils. Employing shotgun sequencing, we generated an average of 13.69 Gb reads per sample. Our findings revealed a significantly higher abundance and diversity of ARGs in water-borne bacteria compared to other habitats. A notable pattern of resistome coalescence was observed within similar habitat types. In addition, we developed a framework for ranking the risk of ARG and a corresponding method for calculating the risk index. Applying them, we identified water-borne bacteria as the highest contributors to health risks, and noted an increase in ARG risks in particle-associated bacteria correlating with heightened anthropogenic activities. Further analysis using a weighted ARG risk index pinpointed the Chengdu–Chongqing and Yangtze River Delta urban agglomerations as regions of elevated health risk. These insights provide a critical new perspective on ARG health risk assessment, highlighting the urgent need for strategies to mitigate the impact of ARGs on human health and to preserve the ecological and economic sustainability of the Yangtze River for future human use.

Foreign body removal is a challenging procedure. Firstly we have to identify properly the foreign body and the position of the obstruction. Secondly we have to choose the proper removal equipment and finally the appropriate method of patient ventilation during the procedure. In our case report we present a challenging procedure with the removal of a metallic needle with minimum resources and equipment in a young girl in Djibouti, Africa. Keywords: Foreign body, Bronchoscopy, Biopsy forceps