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1. Lead geochemistry of sediments in Galveston Bay, Texas

Author: Amanda M. Lopez, Alan D. Brandon, Frank C. Ramos, Jessica N. Fitzsimmons, Timothy M. Dellapenna, and Hannah M. Adams
Subjects: Marine biogeochemistry, Lead isotope fingerprinting, Environmental sciences, GE1-350
Abstract: The geochemical behavior of Pb in terrestrial and coastal water systems significantly influences Pb biogeochemical cycling and pollutant exchange at the land-sea continuum. An ideal case study of Pb environmental geochemistry is Galveston Bay, an anthropogenic estuary exposed to industrial runoff, wastewater and shipping vessel spills but also fed by natural rivers. Here, sediments from Galveston Bay were measured for Pb isotope ratios and abundances to constrain Pb sources and fluxes and understand Pb pollution history in the bay. Lead isotopes have been established as source tracers of environmental pollution and allow Pb sources to be reliably fingerprinted and identified. Sediments were leached to distinguish authigenic sediment coatings from lithogenic residual sediments, in addition to bulk sediment digestions. Total Pb concentrations ranged from 1.76 µg/g–29.19 µg/g in bulk digests, which are below federal toxicity thresholds and aligns well with prior measurements of Pb in Galveston Bay sediments in the 20th century. Lead concentrations are spatially constrained by flocculation in eastern bay areas where the Trinity River enters the bay and positively temporally correlated to freshwater discharge. Sediment 206Pb/204Pb, 207Pb/204Pb, and 208Pb/204Pb ratios range between 18.338–19.777±0.002, 15.557–15.755±0.002 and 37.913–43.340±0.005, respectively, and were used in an advanced Bayesian isotope mixing model to identify Pb sources in the Galveston Bay sediment fractions analyzed. Anthropogenic sources supply approximately 83.8%, 16.6% and 25.5% of Pb to the leachates, residues and bulk sediments, respectively. This study showcases the importance of estuaries in moderating terrestrial and marine Pb distribution and provides insight for future contaminant studies in Galveston Bay and other estuarine systems around the world.MAIN FINDINGS Pb isotope ratio and abundance measurements of Galveston Bay sediments demonstrate significant anthropogenic Pb inputs to the estuary despite low Pb levels.
Published: 2021
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2. Lead geochemistry of sediments in Galveston Bay, Texas

Author: Timothy M. Dellapenna, Hannah M. Adams, Frank C. Ramos, Jessica N. Fitzsimmons, Alan D. Brandon, and Amanda M. Lopez
Subjects: Pollutant, Biogeochemical cycle, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Sediment, Environmental pollution, Estuary, Authigenic, Lead isotope fingerprinting, Environmental sciences, Environmental chemistry, Environmental science, GE1-350, Marine biogeochemistry, Surface runoff, Bay
Abstract: The geochemical behavior of Pb in terrestrial and coastal water systems significantly influences Pb biogeochemical cycling and pollutant exchange at the land-sea continuum. An ideal case study of Pb environmental geochemistry is Galveston Bay, an anthropogenic estuary exposed to industrial runoff, wastewater and shipping vessel spills but also fed by natural rivers. Here, sediments from Galveston Bay were measured for Pb isotope ratios and abundances to constrain Pb sources and fluxes and understand Pb pollution history in the bay. Lead isotopes have been established as source tracers of environmental pollution and allow Pb sources to be reliably fingerprinted and identified. Sediments were leached to distinguish authigenic sediment coatings from lithogenic residual sediments, in addition to bulk sediment digestions. Total Pb concentrations ranged from 1.76 µg/g–29.19 µg/g in bulk digests, which are below federal toxicity thresholds and aligns well with prior measurements of Pb in Galveston Bay sediments in the 20th century. Lead concentrations are spatially constrained by flocculation in eastern bay areas where the Trinity River enters the bay and positively temporally correlated to freshwater discharge. Sediment 206Pb/204Pb, 207Pb/204Pb, and 208Pb/204Pb ratios range between 18.338–19.777±0.002, 15.557–15.755±0.002 and 37.913–43.340±0.005, respectively, and were used in an advanced Bayesian isotope mixing model to identify Pb sources in the Galveston Bay sediment fractions analyzed. Anthropogenic sources supply approximately 83.8%, 16.6% and 25.5% of Pb to the leachates, residues and bulk sediments, respectively. This study showcases the importance of estuaries in moderating terrestrial and marine Pb distribution and provides insight for future contaminant studies in Galveston Bay and other estuarine systems around the world. MAIN FINDINGS Pb isotope ratio and abundance measurements of Galveston Bay sediments demonstrate significant anthropogenic Pb inputs to the estuary despite low Pb levels.
Published: 2021

3. Contributors

Author: ABDEL-RAZEQ, SONYA S., primary, ABDULBAKI, ABDULRAHMAN, additional, AFRIDI, WAFFIYAH, additional, AL MALKI, MONZR M., additional, ALI, TANYA, additional, ALIOTTA, PHILIP J., additional, ALVERO, RUBEN, additional, ANANDAN, SRIVIDYA, additional, ANDERSON, MEL L., additional, ANILOWSKI, KATHRYN TAYLOR, additional, ANVAR, MICHELLE STOZEK, additional, AOKI, ETSUKO, additional, APPELLE, NICOLE, additional, ASFAHANI, WISSAM S.Z., additional, ASIEDU, DANIEL K., additional, AULAKH, SUDEEP KAUR, additional, BALIOG, CRISOSTOMO R., additional, BANSAL, PRIYA, additional, BARADHI, KRISHNA, additional, BARRETT, ROWLAND P., additional, BATRA, KERRI, additional, BEHERA, VIKRAM, additional, BERGER, OMRI, additional, BERGES, ARNALDO A., additional, BERKOWITZ, SETH A., additional, BHAT, JAYDEEP, additional, BHATT, HARIKRASHNA, additional, BILODEAU, COURTNEY CLARK, additional, BISHOP, KENNETH D., additional, BLUNDIN, MICHAEL, additional, BODKIN, SHEENAGH M., additional, BORA, NIRALI, additional, BORKAN, JEFFREY M., additional, BOSKE, ALEXANDRA, additional, BOWLBY, LYNN, additional, BRADY, MARK F., additional, BRAR, MANDEEP K., additional, BROWN, ELIZABETH J., additional, BROWN, GAVIN, additional, BUCKLEY, JENNIFER, additional, BURNS, JONATHAN, additional, BURTIS, D. BRANDON, additional, BURTT, DOUGLAS, additional, BUSSELEN, STEVEN, additional, RODRIGUEZ CABRERA, CLAUDIA, additional, CHAUDHARY, NIDA, additional, CHENG, VICKY, additional, CHOUDHARY, GAURAV, additional, CHOW, STEPHANIE W., additional, COHEN, LISA, additional, COHEN, SCOTT, additional, COMPTON, KAILA, additional, CORIGLIANO, MARIA A., additional, COWLES, BRIAN J., additional, CRISTESCU, DAN A., additional, CRISTOFARO, PATRICIA, additional, CURTIN, ALICIA J., additional, DALRYMPLE, KRISTY L., additional, DANAKAS, GEORGE T., additional, DEGENHARDT, ALEXANDRA, additional, DIAZ, JOSEPH A., additional, DIEP, JIMMY, additional, DOBBS, MICHAEL R., additional, DOOBAY, NATHALIA, additional, DOTSON, WILLIAM F., additional, DUKER, ANDREW, additional, EISENDRATH, STUART J., additional, ELLSWORTH, PAMELA, additional, ELTOMI, HODA, additional, ESPINOSA, PATRICIO SEBASTIAN, additional, FABRE, VALERIA, additional, FAGAN, MARK J., additional, FARKASH, GIL M., additional, FARRELL, TIMOTHY W., additional, FELDMAN, MITCHELL D., additional, FERRI, FRED F., additional, FINNEY, GLEN, additional, FISCHER, STACI A., additional, FISHMAN, MARLENE, additional, FONG, TAMARA G., additional, FORMICA, PHILIP, additional, FORT, FRANK G., additional, FORT, GLENN G., additional, FORTUNATO, DAVID J., additional, FRITZ, GREGORY K., additional, GADDAM, SAINATH, additional, GEKHT, GENNA, additional, GEORGE, PAUL F., additional, GIUSTOZZI, ANNGENE A., additional, GLEIT, CINDY, additional, GOLDBERG, RICHARD J., additional, GOLDBURT, ALLA, additional, GOPALAKRISHNAN, GEETHA, additional, GORDON, PAUL, additional, GRAFF, NANCY R., additional, GRAY, JOHN A., additional, GROVES, ELLIOTT M., additional, GUPTA, PAVAN, additional, GUPTA, PRIYA SARIN, additional, HACK, NAWAZ, additional, HAHN, WILLIAM O., additional, HALL, HARALD ALEXANDER, additional, HALPERN, MICHELE, additional, HANDA, SAJEEV, additional, HARRISON, TAYLOR, additional, HAYES, DON, additional, HOLLAND, N. WILSON, additional, HU, SUSIE L., additional, HUME, ANNE L., additional, HUNDAL, HARKAWAL S., additional, HUTSON, SHARLISA, additional, HYDER, SARAH M., additional, ISAACSON, RICHARD S., additional, ISMAIL, AHMAD M., additional, JANKOWICH, MATTHEW D., additional, JAVIER, NOEL S.C., additional, JEREMIAH, JENNIFER, additional, JOHNSON, MICHAEL P., additional, JOHNSTON, BREE, additional, JONES, KIMBERLY, additional, JONES, KOHAR, additional, KALANITHI, LUCY, additional, KATZ, EMILY R., additional, KAZIM, ALI, additional, KEELEY, BROOKE E., additional, KENNEDY, KARA A., additional, KENNEY, BEVIN, additional, KFOURY, LARA, additional, KIM, JIWON, additional, KIM, WAN J., additional, KIRCHNER, ROBERT M., additional, KLEIN, MICHAEL, additional, KOBY, MELVYN, additional, KOHN, ROBERT, additional, KOKKIRALA, ARAVIND RAO, additional, KORR, KENNETH, additional, KRAMER, KRISTINA, additional, KURSS, DAVID, additional, LAI, CINDY, additional, LALLY, EDWARD V., additional, LE, QUANG P., additional, LEE, KACHIU, additional, LEKANDER, MARGARET, additional, LEVINE, MATTHEW A., additional, LIGHTNER, DONITA DILLON, additional, LIM, CHUN, additional, LIN, CUI LI, additional, LONG, RICHARD, additional, LOWENHAUPT, ELIZABETH A., additional, MAANI, ZEINA W., additional, MAGEE, SUSANNA R., additional, MAKKI, ACHRAF A., additional, MANSOOR, ATIZAZUL H., additional, MARTIN, DOUGLAS W., additional, MATSON, ELISABETH B., additional, MATTSON, DANIEL T., additional, MAVRICH, KATE, additional, MAY, ALISON C., additional, MAY, LAUREN, additional, MAZUMDAR, MAITREYI, additional, McCLEAN, JEFFREY C., additional, McGARRY, KELLY A., additional, McNICOLL, LYNN, additional, McPEAKE, LAURA H., additional, MEHTA, AKANKSHA, additional, MENDEZ-ALLWOOD, DANIEL E., additional, MERCIER, LONNIE R., additional, MIKOLICH, DENNIS J., additional, MORGAN, THERESA A., additional, MUJAHID, NADIA, additional, MUKKADA, VINCENT A., additional, NAQVI, BILAL H., additional, NASSAU, JACK H., additional, NEE, JUDY, additional, NEMOTO, TAKUMA, additional, NG, JAMES J., additional, NOTHNAGLE, MELISSA, additional, NOWAK, BETH, additional, O’BRIEN, GAIL M., additional, O’CONNOR, CAROLYN J., additional, OLAWAIYE, ALEXANDER B., additional, ONG, MICHAEL K., additional, OPAL, STEVEN M., additional, OWENS, JOSEPH R., additional, PACHECO, CHRISTINA ANTONIO, additional, PACHECO, ROBERTO, additional, PATACSIL-TRULL, JANICE, additional, PATEL, BIRJU B., additional, PATEL, PRANAV M., additional, PATROZOU, ELENI, additional, PATTERSON, ALISON, additional, PELIGIAN, STEVEN, additional, PETERSON, HEIDI H., additional, PHILLIPS, KATHARINE A., additional, PIRRAGLIA, PAUL A., additional, PLANTE, WENDY A., additional, PLETTE, ANGELA M., additional, HARTMAN POLENSEK, SHARON S., additional, POON, SAMUEL H., additional, POSNER, DONN, additional, PRASAD, ARUNDATHI G., additional, PRESSMAN, AMANDA, additional, PROMRAT, KITTICHAI, additional, PUNJANI, SHAHNAZ, additional, RAHMAN, IFAD U., additional, RAMANAN, RADHIKA A., additional, RAMSEY, CHRISTIAN N., additional, RASHID, WASIM, additional, REGNANTE, RICHARD, additional, REUS, VICTOR I., additional, RICH, HARLAN G., additional, RISSER, JESSICA, additional, ROACH, RACHEL, additional, ROBINSON, LUTHER K., additional, ROGERS, JAMISON, additional, ROLLE, ANISHKA S., additional, ROTH, JULIE L., additional, ROTH, LAUREN, additional, RUBEOR, AMITY, additional, SADIQ, IMMAD, additional, SAID, NUHA R., additional, SATHYA, BHARATH, additional, SATPATHY, HEMANT K., additional, SATPATHY, RUBY K., additional, SATTERFIELD, JASON M., additional, SAVITZ, SEAN I., additional, SAYEED, SYEDA M., additional, SELL, PETER J., additional, SHAFTS, CATHERINE, additional, SHAH, MADHAVI, additional, SHIH, GRACE, additional, SHRESTHA, ASHA, additional, SIGMAN, MARK, additional, SILVIA, JOANNE M., additional, SINGHAL, DIVYA, additional, SLADKY, JOHN, additional, SMITH, JEANETTE G., additional, SOHUR, U. SHIVRAJ, additional, SOOCH, DIVJOT, additional, SUNTER, HEATHER, additional, SUTTER, MARY BETH, additional, SZUMIGALA, JULIE ANNE, additional, TAMMARO, DOMINICK, additional, TAPYRIK, SARAH, additional, TELANG, GLADYS, additional, TELLIOGLU, TAHIR, additional, TONG, IRIS L., additional, TRUESDELL, ALEXANDER G., additional, TRYFOROS, MARGARET, additional, TUCCI, JOSEPH RALPH, additional, UBOGU, EROBOGHENE E., additional, UITERWYK, SEAN H., additional, ULLRICH, NICOLE J., additional, VAN POZNAK, MARISA E., additional, VANGALA, NITANTH R., additional, VILLAFUERTE, JORGE A., additional, WAYT, TARA M., additional, WEPPNER, DENNIS M., additional, WHITE, JORDAN, additional, WHITE, LAUREL M., additional, WHITLACH, HILARY B., additional, WICKLUND, MATTHEW P., additional, WOJTUSIK, AMANDA, additional, WOLFF, CHARLES, additional, WONG, MARIE ELIZABETH, additional, WU, WEN-CHIH, additional, WU-CHEN, WEN Y. (HELENA), additional, WUTZ, BETH J., additional, XAVIER, SARAH L., additional, YIP, AUGUSTIN G., additional, YOUNG, JOHN Q., additional, YUVIENCO, CANDICE, additional, ZADIKOFF, CINDY, additional, ZAHEER, FARIHA, additional, ZIMMERMAN, MARK, additional, ZIMMERMANN, BERNARD, additional, ZUCCALA, SCOTT J., additional, and ZUZEK, RYAN W., additional
Published: 2013
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4. Current Treatment of Achalasia

Author: O. Richards, William, primary and Williams, D. Brandon, additional
Published: 2011
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5. Contributors

Author: Abcarian, Herand, primary, Abdullah, Fizan, additional, Abramson, Michael A., additional, Abularrage, Christopher J., additional, Adams, Reid B., additional, Adamski, John., additional, Ahrendt, Steven A., additional, Ahuja, Nita, additional, Alam, Hasan B., additional, Alverdy, John C., additional, Armstrong, David N., additional, Arnaoutakis, George J., additional, Arnold, Alejandro, additional, Arthurs, Zachary M., additional, Asbun, Horacio J., additional, Ascher, Nancy L., additional, Asgeirsson, Theodor, additional, Ashley, Stanley W., additional, Babiera, Gildy V., additional, Balcom, James H., additional, Balogh, Zsolt J., additional, Banki, Farzaneh, additional, Barbul, Adrian, additional, Barie, Philip S., additional, Bauer, Todd W., additional, Beck, David E., additional, Bedri, Mazen I., additional, Berenji, Manijeh, additional, Berger, David L., additional, Bergman, Thomas A., additional, Berry, Stepheny D., additional, Billingham, Richard P., additional, Birnbaum, Elisa H., additional, Black, James H., additional, Bland, Kirby I., additional, Bochicchio, Grant V., additional, Bouchard, Philippe, additional, Boughey, Judy C., additional, Bowers, Steven P., additional, Brady, Colin M., additional, Brandes, Steven B., additional, Brant-Zawadzki, Peter, additional, Brayman, Kenneth L., additional, Brethauer, Stacy A., additional, Brock, Malcolm V., additional, Brooke, Benjamin S., additional, Broome, James T., additional, Brown, Carl J., additional, Brunicardi, F. Charles, additional, Brushart, Thomas M., additional, Buchman, Timothy G., additional, Bulger, Eileen M., additional, Burns, J. Bracken, additional, Busuttil, Ronald W., additional, Byrne, John, additional, Callender, Glenda G., additional, Callery, Mark P., additional, Cambria, Richard P., additional, Cameron, Andrew M., additional, Cameron, John L., additional, Campsen, Jeffrey, additional, Caprini, Joseph A., additional, Carter, Jonathan, additional, Caudle, Abigail S., additional, Ceppa, Eugene P., additional, Cevasco, Marisa, additional, Chaikof, Elliot L., additional, Chalikonda, Sricharan, additional, Chandrasekhara, Vinay, additional, Chaudhry, Vivek, additional, Chen, Haiquan, additional, Chen, Herbert, additional, Cheng, Aaron M., additional, Choti, Michael A., additional, Christians, Kathleen K., additional, Christmas, A. Britton, additional, Chua, Heidi, additional, Chun, Albert K., additional, Chung, Alice, additional, Clark, Orlo H., additional, Cleary, Sean P., additional, Cocanour, Christine S., additional, Codner, Panna A., additional, Cogbill, Thomas H., additional, Collier, Patrick S., additional, Conrad, Mark F., additional, Cooper, Joel D., additional, Corning, Cybil, additional, Cortes, Vicente, additional, Coselli, Joseph S., additional, Craft, Randall O., additional, Croce, Martin A., additional, Crow, Jessica, additional, Cuff, Robert F., additional, Cullen, Joseph J., additional, Cunningham, Steven C., additional, Curet, Myriam J., additional, Dackiw, Alan P.B., additional, Dagher, Nabil N., additional, Darling, R. Clement, additional, Davidson, Nancy E., additional, Degliuomini, John J., additional, Degnim, Amy C., additional, Delaney, Conor P., additional, DeMatteo, Ronald P., additional, DeMeester, Steven R., additional, DeMeester, Tom R., additional, Dempsey, Daniel T., additional, deSouza, Ashwin L., additional, Deune, E. Gene, additional, DeVos, Wayne C., additional, Dimick, Justin B., additional, Donahue, Timothy R., additional, Dort, Jonathan M., additional, Dozois, Eric J., additional, Dreesen, Elizabeth, additional, Duh, Quan-Yang, additional, Dulchavsky, Scott A., additional, Duncan, Mark D., additional, Duvvuri, Umamaheshwar, additional, Eachempati, Soumitra R., additional, Eakin, Jeffrey, additional, Eckhauser, Frederic E., additional, Edil, Barish H., additional, Edwards, Eric D., additional, Edwards, Meghan, additional, Efron, David T., additional, Efron, Jonathan E., additional, Efron, Philip A., additional, Ellison, E. Christopher, additional, Ellison, Trevor A., additional, El Sherif, Amgad, additional, Escobar, Guillermo A., additional, Esposito, Domenic P., additional, Evans, Douglas B., additional, Evans, Heather L., additional, Fabri, Peter J., additional, Fairman, Ronald M., additional, Farres, Houssam, additional, Feins, Richard H., additional, Feliciano, David V., additional, Ferguson, Charles M., additional, Ferguson, Mark K., additional, Ferrone, Cristina R., additional, Ferzli, George S., additional, Fichera, Alessandro, additional, Fink, Aaron S., additional, Fink, David, additional, Fishel, Rhonda, additional, Fisher, Kerry, additional, Fisher, William E., additional, Fitzgibbons, Timothy C., additional, Fleshman, James W., additional, Flint, Lewis M., additional, Flohr, Tanya R., additional, Flores, Jaime I., additional, Fogarty, Sara P., additional, Foley, Paul J., additional, Fong, Yuman, additional, Friel, Charles M., additional, Frykberg, Eric R., additional, Fuller, Joseph C., additional, Gadd, Michele A., additional, Gailloud, Philippe, additional, Galanis, Charles, additional, Gallagher, James J., additional, Gallagher, Scott F., additional, Gaspard, Bryan A., additional, Gaughan, Colleen B., additional, Gearhart, Susan L., additional, Geller, David A., additional, Georgiades, Christos S., additional, Geschwind, Jean-Francois H., additional, Ghosheh, Bashar, additional, Giday, Samuel A., additional, Giuliano, Armando E., additional, Glebova, Natalia, additional, Goldberg, Nelson H., additional, Goldstone, Jerry, additional, Golla, Suman, additional, Gosnell, Jessica E., additional, Gourley, Jeffrey R., additional, Graham, Jay A., additional, Grams, Jayleen, additional, Grant, Michael P., additional, Grau, Ana M., additional, Grothey, Axel, additional, Guerrero, Marlon A., additional, Guillem, Jose G., additional, Haider, Adil H., additional, Hall, Bruce Lee, additional, Han, David C., additional, Harmon, John W., additional, Harold, Kristi L., additional, Harper, Amy P., additional, Harris, Hobart W., additional, Hashimi, Samad, additional, Hassoun, Heitham T., additional, Haut, Elliott R., additional, Hébert-Blouin, Marie-Noëlle, additional, Heitmiller, Richard F., additional, Henderson, J. Michael, additional, Heniford, B. Todd, additional, Henke, Peter K., additional, Herlong, H. Franklin, additional, Hernandez, Jonathan M., additional, Hess, Philip J., additional, Hiatt, Jonathan R., additional, Hines, O. Joe, additional, Hodin, Richard A., additional, Hoffman, John P., additional, Hong, Johnny C., additional, Hoppo, Toshitaka, additional, Horn, Jan K., additional, Hornicek, Francis J., additional, Hossain, Rydhwana, additional, Howard, Thomas J., additional, Hoyt, David B., additional, Hrabe, Jennifer E., additional, Hranjec, Tjasa, additional, Hull, Tracy L., additional, Iannettoni, Mark D., additional, Iannitti, David A., additional, Idrees, Kamran, additional, Ignacio, Elizabeth A., additional, Iseli, Tim A., additional, Ito, Hiromichi, additional, Jacene, Heather, additional, Jackson, Lana L., additional, Jacobs, Lenworth M., additional, Jacobs, Lisa K., additional, Jagannath, Sanjay, additional, Jaszczak, Nicholas, additional, Jayaraman, Vijay, additional, Jimenez, Juan Carlos, additional, Jin, Judy, additional, Jobe, Blair A., additional, Joh, Jennifer E., additional, Johnson, Eric K., additional, Johnson, Jonas T., additional, Johnson, Lynt B., additional, Johnson, Michael, additional, Jonnalagadda, Sreenivasa, additional, Jurkovich, Gregory J., additional, Kachala, Stefan S., additional, Kalloo, Anthony N., additional, Karakousis, Giorgos C., additional, Katz, Ryan D., additional, Keane, Thomas, additional, Kebebew, Electron, additional, Kent, K. Craig, additional, Kent, Tara S., additional, Khashab, Mouen, additional, Kilic, Arman, additional, Hui Kim, Elizabeth Min, additional, Kim, Yongsik, additional, King, Jonathan C., additional, King, Tari A., additional, Kirkpatrick, Andrew W., additional, Kong, Allen, additional, Kozarek, Richard A., additional, Krasna, Mark J., additional, Krontiras, Helen, additional, Kuwayama, David, additional, Lai, Edward C.S., additional, Lal, Alysandra, additional, LaMuraglia, Glenn M., additional, Lau, Kwan N., additional, Lavu, Harish, additional, Lawrence, Peter F., additional, LeBlanc, Karl A., additional, Ledgerwood, Anna M., additional, LeMaire, Scott A., additional, Lembersky, Barry C., additional, Leukhardt, William H., additional, Li, Ryan, additional, Lillemoe, Keith D., additional, Lipsett, Pamela A., additional, Lipsitz, Evan C., additional, Little, Alex G., additional, Lucas, Charles E., additional, Luketich, James D., additional, Lum, Ying Wei, additional, Lyden, Sean P., additional, MacFadyen, Bruce V., additional, Madariaga, Maria Lucia L., additional, Magnuson, Thomas H., additional, Maier, Ronald V., additional, Makary, Martin A., additional, Makhija, Rohit, additional, Malangoni, Mark A., additional, Malas, Mahmoud B., additional, Manson, Paul N., additional, Marcello, Peter W., additional, Marks, Jeffrey M., additional, Marohn, Michael R., additional, Martin, Terri R., additional, Martin, Tomas D., additional, Mathisen, Douglas J., additional, Matthews, Brent D., additional, Mazzaglia, Peter J., additional, McDermott, John E., additional, McFadden, David W., additional, McHenry, Christopher R., additional, McIntyre, Robert C., additional, McLemore, Elisabeth C., additional, McLeod, Robin S., additional, Mellinger, John D., additional, Melo, Nicholas, additional, Melton, Genevieve B., additional, Meltzer, Andrew J., additional, Melvin, W. Scott, additional, Mendoza, Maria Clara, additional, Messiner, Ryan, additional, Meyer, Anthony A., additional, Meyers, William C., additional, Michelassi, Fabrizio, additional, Millikan, Keith W., additional, Miner, Thomas J., additional, Moley, Jeffrey F., additional, Moore, Frederick A., additional, Morrow, Ellen H., additional, Morrow, Monica, additional, Moss, Angela K., additional, Moustarah, Fady, additional, Mufeed, Sami, additional, Muldoon, Roberta L., additional, Muniappan, Ashok, additional, Murphy, Erin H., additional, Muscarella, Peter, additional, Nahabedian, Maurice Y., additional, Napolitano, Lena M., additional, Nealon, William H., additional, Neideen, Todd, additional, Neumayer, Leigh A., additional, Newman, Naeem A., additional, Nguyen, Hien T., additional, Nguyen, Kevin Tri, additional, Nikfarjam, Mehrdad, additional, Norton, Jeffrey A., additional, O'Mara, Charles S., additional, Onders, Raymond P., additional, Pachter, H. Leon, additional, Pappas, Theodore N., additional, Parikh, Manish, additional, Park, Jason, additional, Pascual, Jose L., additional, Patel, Virendra I., additional, Pearl, Russell K., additional, Peitzman, Andrew B., additional, Pemberton, John H., additional, Perler, Bruce A., additional, Perrier, Nancy D., additional, Pesce, Catherine E., additional, Petelin, Joseph B., additional, Peters, Jeffrey H., additional, Petrowsky, Henrik, additional, Pfluke, Jason M., additional, Philipp, Scott R., additional, Phillips, Bradley J., additional, Piper, Greta L., additional, Pitt, Henry A., additional, Pizano, Louis R., additional, Ponsky, Jeffrey L., additional, Prescott, Jason D., additional, Pronovost, Peter J., additional, Pust, Gerd D., additional, Pustavoitau, Aliaksei, additional, Puyana, Juan Carlos, additional, Qazi, Umair, additional, Quickel, Robert R., additional, Ra, Jin H., additional, Rad, Ariel N., additional, Radvany, Martin G., additional, Rafferty, Janice F., additional, Rahbari, Reza, additional, Ramos, Margarita, additional, Ramshaw, Bruce J., additional, Rawlings, Arthur, additional, Reardon, Patrick R., additional, Reber, Howard A., additional, Reeder, Jennifer G., additional, Reidy, Tobi, additional, Reifsnyder, Andrew, additional, Reifsnyder, Thomas F., additional, Resnick, Andrew S., additional, Richards, William O., additional, Rieder, Erwin, additional, Roberts, John P., additional, Robinson, Raymond E., additional, Robinson, Thomas N., additional, Rodriguez, Aurelio, additional, Rodriguez-Paz, Jose M., additional, Rogers, Selwyn O., additional, Romig, Mark, additional, Roseborough, Glen S., additional, Rosemurgy, Alexander S., additional, Rosenthal, Eben L., additional, Rossi, Daniel C., additional, Rosson, Gedge D., additional, Safar, Bashar, additional, Salky, Barry A., additional, Santora, Rachel J., additional, Sarin, Shawn N., additional, Sawyer, Robert G., additional, Sax, Harry C., additional, Scalea, Thomas M., additional, Schauer, Philip R., additional, Schild, A. Frederick, additional, Schmidt, C. Max, additional, Schneider, John G., additional, Schreiber, Martin A., additional, Schuerer, Douglas J.E., additional, Schulick, Richard D., additional, Schwab, C. William, additional, Schweitzer, Michael A., additional, Scortino, Christopher, additional, Senagore, Anthony J., additional, Sentovich, Stephen M., additional, Sepesi, Boris, additional, Seybt, Melanie W., additional, Shah, Amit, additional, Shellito, Paul C., additional, Shepard, Alexander D., additional, Shetty, Kirti, additional, Sicklick, Jason K., additional, Silberfein, Eric J., additional, Silverman, Ronald P., additional, Simmons, Rache M., additional, Sing, Ronald F., additional, Smith, Barbara L., additional, Smith, C. Daniel, additional, Smith, Maurice A., additional, Smith, R. Stephen, additional, Snyder, Michael J., additional, Sohn, Helen, additional, Soybel, David I., additional, Spencer, Michael P., additional, Spinner, Robert J., additional, Spoerke, Nicholas J., additional, Steele, Scott R., additional, Stein, Sharon L., additional, Stevens, Kent A., additional, Sticca, Robert P., additional, Stiegmann, Gregory V., additional, Stonemetz, Jerry, additional, Strasberg, Steven M., additional, Streiff, Michael B., additional, Su, Stacey, additional, Sucher, Joseph F., additional, Sussman, Marc, additional, Sutherland, David E.R., additional, Swanstrom, Lee L., additional, Taghizadeh, Maakan, additional, Talamini, Mark A., additional, Tarpley, John L., additional, Tatli, Servet, additional, Taylor, Spence M., additional, Terris, David J., additional, Thompson, Geoffrey B., additional, Traverso, L. William, additional, Trunkey, Donald D., additional, Tsai, Peter I., additional, Tsai, Susan, additional, Tsangaris, Theodore N., additional, Udelsman, Robert, additional, Umanskiy, Konstantin, additional, Upchurch, Gilbert R., additional, Urist, Marshall M., additional, Urschel, Harold C., additional, Vagefi, Parsia A., additional, Van, Philbert Y., additional, Van Arendonk, Kyle J., additional, Vauthey, Jean-Nicolas, additional, Veeramachaneni, Nirmal K., additional, Velmahos, George C., additional, Venbrux, Anthony C., additional, Vollmer, Charles M., additional, Wacker, Frank K., additional, Wallack, Marc K., additional, Walsh, R. Matthew, additional, Wang, Grace J., additional, Wang, Jennifer Y., additional, Wang, Thomas N., additional, Waters, Joshua A., additional, Watkins, Michael T., additional, Watson, Christopher M., additional, Webb, Alexandra L.B., additional, Weigelt, John A., additional, Weiss, Eric G., additional, Whang, Edward E., additional, Whitacre, Eric B., additional, Williams, D. Brandon, additional, Wolff, Bruce G., additional, Wolfgang, Christopher, additional, Wong, Patricia, additional, Wood, Douglas E., additional, Yadav, Bhupender, additional, Yang, Stephen C., additional, Yeo, Charles J., additional, Yoon, Sam S., additional, You, Christopher J., additional, You, Y. Nancy, additional, Youssef, Yassar, additional, Zalinski, Stéphane, additional, Zamir, Gideon A., additional, Zarins, Christopher K., additional, Zeiger, Martha A., additional, Zenilman, Michael E., additional, and Zimmerman, Michael A., additional
Published: 2011
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6. CONTRIBUTORS

Author: Berger, Joseph R., primary, Bethell, Delia, additional, Blain, Peter G., additional, Brust, John C.M., additional, Burtis, D. Brandon, additional, Capelli-Schellpfeffer, Mary, additional, Carr, Sarah A., additional, Chan, Jane W., additional, Chand, Pratap, additional, Dhillon, Sundeep, additional, Dobbs, Michael R., additional, Donofrio, Peter D., additional, Duprez, Thierry Philippe Jacques, additional, Eicher, Tracy J., additional, Espay, Alberto J., additional, Farrar, Jeremy, additional, Fee, Dominic B., additional, Figgs, Larry W., additional, Firestone, Jordan A., additional, Forman, Arthur D., additional, Furbee, Brent, additional, Garman, Ray F., additional, Gorman, Des, additional, Gospe, Sidney M., additional, Greer, David G., additional, Grogan, Patrick M., additional, Hantson, Philippe, additional, Hien, Tran Tinh, additional, Hoffmann, Michael, additional, Holstege, Christopher P., additional, Hood, Amber N., additional, Houtchens, Maria K., additional, Huff, J. Stephen, additional, Jaffee, Col. (S) Michael S., additional, Jett, David A., additional, Jicha, Gregory A., additional, Judge, Bryan S., additional, Katz, Jonathan S., additional, Kennedy, Kara A., additional, Kushlaf, Hani A., additional, Lawrence, David, additional, Levin, Victor A., additional, Lienemann, Elizabeth, additional, Lippmann, Steven B., additional, McLinskey, Nancy, additional, Meyers, Christina A., additional, Narang, Puneet, additional, Newmark, Jonathan, additional, Ney, John P., additional, Oliver, Lawrence K., additional, Osterbauer, Peter J., additional, Parikh, Sumit, additional, Pimperl, L. Cameron, additional, Postma, Terri L., additional, Prince, T. Scott, additional, Prockop, Leon, additional, Richardson, Jason R., additional, Rusyniak, Daniel E., additional, Ryan, Melody, additional, Haimamot, Redda Tekle, additional, Theeler, Brett J., additional, Tripathy, Asit K., additional, Vaishnav, Anand G., additional, Wallace, David R., additional, Watters, Michael R., additional, and Wills, Brandon, additional
Published: 2009
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7. Tetanus Toxin

Author: Burtis, D. Brandon, primary and Dobbs, Michael R., additional
Published: 2009
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8. CONTRIBUTORS

Author: Aboutanos, Michel B., primary, Albrecht, Roxie M., additional, Ananthakrishnan, Preya, additional, Anderson, John T., additional, Andreae, Michael, additional, Armstrong, John H., additional, Asensio, Juan A., additional, Aucar, John A., additional, Augenstein, Jeffrey S., additional, Badellino, Michael M., additional, Barie, Philip S., additional, Becker, Alexander, additional, Bedrick, Edward J., additional, Behrens, Alfred F., additional, Berger, Jay, additional, Berne, John D., additional, Best, Charles D., additional, Biffl, Walter L., additional, Blaisdell, F. William, additional, Bochicchio, Grant V., additional, Born, Christopher T., additional, Braslow, Benjamin, additional, Britt, L.D., additional, Brundage, Susan I., additional, Burch, Jon M., additional, Burris, David G., additional, Byers, Patricia M., additional, Capin, Allan, additional, Cappuccino, Guy J., additional, Carrillo, Eddy H., additional, Castrellon, Ricardo, additional, Chang, David C., additional, Chiu, William C., additional, Chong, Chee Kiong, additional, Christmas, A. Britton, additional, Chu, Danny, additional, Ciesla, David J., additional, Cioffi, William G., additional, Cocanour, Christine S., additional, Cohen, Mitchell J., additional, Coimbra, Raul, additional, Cornwell, Edward E., additional, Cothren, C. Clay, additional, Cox, Thomas B., additional, Croce, Martin A., additional, Dannenbaum, Mark J., additional, Datiashvili, Ramazi O., additional, Davis, Daniel P., additional, Davis, Kimberly A., additional, Deckelbaum, Dan L., additional, Deitch, Edwin A., additional, Delphin, Ellise, additional, Dicker, Rochelle A., additional, Diebel, Lawrence N., additional, Dort, Jonathan M., additional, Dubov, Wayne E., additional, Dunham, Michael B., additional, Duran, Dominic J., additional, Durham, Rodney M., additional, Eachempati, Soumitra R., additional, Eastridge, Brian John, additional, Ellis, Thomas J., additional, Englehart, Michael, additional, Esposito, Thomas J., additional, Fabian, Timothy C., additional, Fakhry, Samir M., additional, Falvo, Anthony J., additional, Feinstein, Ara, additional, Feliciano, David V., additional, Fernandez, Luis G., additional, Fink, Mitchell P., additional, Flint, Lewis M., additional, Fry, William R., additional, Frykberg, Eric. R., additional, Gamelli, Richard L., additional, Ganchi, Parham A., additional, Garcia, George D., additional, García-Núñez, Major Luis Manuel, additional, Gehrmann, Robin Michael, additional, Gentilello, Larry M., additional, Ginzburg, Enrique, additional, Glance, Laurent G., additional, Gmora, Scott B., additional, Goaley, Thomas J., additional, Gonzalez, Nestor R., additional, Gopinathan, Roshini, additional, Gracias, Vicente, additional, Granchi, Thomas S., additional, Granick, Mark S., additional, Grass, Eduard, additional, Griffen, Margaret Mary, additional, Gross, Ronald I., additional, Gutmann, Joseph M., additional, Habib, Fahim A., additional, Hameed, S. Morad, additional, Harrskog, Ola, additional, Hart, Robert A., additional, Hauser, Carl J., additional, Henry, Sharon, additional, Horst, H. Mathilda, additional, Houin, Herman P., additional, Hoyt, David B., additional, Humphrey, Catherine A., additional, Ivascu, Felicia A., additional, Ivatury, Rao R., additional, Jacobs, Lenworth M., additional, Jarnberg, Per-Olof, additional, Jurkovich, Gregory J., additional, Karmy-Jones, Riyad, additional, Karsidag, Tamer, additional, Kauder, Donald R., additional, Khoo, Larry T., additional, King, Booker T., additional, King, David R., additional, Kiraly, Laszlo, additional, Kirton, Orlando C., additional, Ksycki, Michael F., additional, Ledgerwood, Anna M., additional, Lin, Guy, additional, Lineen, Edward, additional, Livingston, David H., additional, Lucas, Charles E., additional, Luchette, Fred A., additional, Lynn, Mauricio, additional, Mackersie, Robert C., additional, Magnotti, Louis J., additional, Mah, John W., additional, Maish, George O., additional, Malhotra, Ajai K., additional, Martin, Matthew J., additional, Marttos, Antonio Carlos C., additional, Mattox, Kenneth, additional, Maull, Kimball I., additional, Mayberry, John C., additional, McFarren, Christopher A., additional, McKenney, Mark G., additional, Meallet, Mario A., additional, Melendez, Mark M., additional, Meredith, J. Wayne, additional, Michetti, Christopher P., additional, Miller, Preston Roy, additional, Miller, Richard S., additional, Minei, Joseph P., additional, Mitchell, Frank (Tres) Louis, additional, Mohr, Alicia M., additional, Moore, Ernest E., additional, Mordikovich, Boris, additional, Morehouse, Amanda J., additional, Morris, John A., additional, Mosenthal, Anne C., additional, Murphy, Patricia, additional, Namias, Nicholas, additional, Napolitano, Lena M., additional, Newell, Mark A., additional, Nold, R. Joseph, additional, Norwood, Scott H., additional, Ochoa, Juan B., additional, Osler, Turner, additional, Pachter, H. Leon, additional, Parikh, Manish, additional, Pasquale, Michael D., additional, Peitzman, Andrew B., additional, Pepe, Antonio, additional, Petrone, Patrizio, additional, Pizano, Louis R., additional, Polanco, Patricio M., additional, Puyana, Juan Carlos, additional, Raghunathan, Amritha, additional, II, R. Lawrence Reed, additional, Rhee, Peter M., additional, Rhee, Samuel T., additional, Rhodes, Michael, additional, Rich, Norman M., additional, Richardson, J. David, additional, Richart, Charles M., additional, Robinson, Donald, additional, Ross, Steven E., additional, Rotondo, Michael F., additional, Rowe, Vincent Lopez, additional, Zelaya, Francisco Alexander Ruiz, additional, Savetamal, Alisa, additional, Scalea, Thomas M., additional, Schecter, William P., additional, Scherer, L.R. Tres, additional, Schipper, Paul, additional, Schreiber, Martin A., additional, Schulman, Carl, additional, Schwab, C. William, additional, Shapiro, Marc J., additional, Shatz, David V., additional, Sifri, Ziad C., additional, Sisley, Amy C., additional, Sjoholm, L. Ola, additional, Smith, R. Stephen, additional, Smith-Singares, Eduardo, additional, Spain, David A., additional, Sperry, Jason L., additional, Stahl, Kenneth D., additional, Sukumar, Mithran S., additional, Swan, Kenneth G., additional, Tan, Virak, additional, Tashjian, Vartan S., additional, Tatsumi, Robert L., additional, Tessema, Tedla, additional, Thal, Erwin R., additional, Tieu, Brandon, additional, Tillou, Areti, additional, Tinkoff, Glen H., additional, Tisherman, Samuel A., additional, Todd, S. Rob, additional, Trafton, Peter G., additional, Trovato, Matthew J., additional, Trunkey, Donald D., additional, Tse, Glenn S., additional, Tuggle, David W., additional, Valadka, Alex B., additional, VanDerHeyden, Nicole M., additional, Vara, Alexander D., additional, Verdiner, Ricardo, additional, Wall, Matthew J., additional, Watkins, Anthony, additional, Weireter, Leonard J., additional, Weston, John S., additional, Wilkins, Harry E., additional, Williams, D. Brandon, additional, and Wisner, David H., additional
Published: 2008
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9. NOSOCOMIAL PNEUMONIA

Author: Williams, D. Brandon, primary, Raghunathan, Amritha, additional, Spain, David A., additional, and Brundage, Susan I., additional
Published: 2008
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10. s-Process Os isotope enrichment in ureilites by planetary processing

Author: Alan D. Brandon, Munir Humayun, Bernhard Mayer, Steven Goderis, Chemistry, Earth System Sciences, Analytical, Environmental & Geo-Chemistry, and Faculty of Sciences and Bioengineering Sciences
Subjects: Olivine, Isotope, Presolar grains, Geochemistry, Ureilite, engineering.material, Os isotopes, Parent body, Astrobiology, Geophysics, Meteorite, planetary processes, Space and Planetary Science, Geochemistry and Petrology, Chondrite, nucleosynthetic anomalies, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), engineering, Achondrite, Geology, ureilites
Abstract: Ubiquitous nucleosynthetic isotope anomalies relative to the terrestrial isotopic composition in Mo, Ru, and other elements are known from both bulk chondrites and differentiated meteorites, but Os isotope ratios reported from such meteorites have been found to be indistinguishable from the terrestrial value. The carriers of s- and r-process Os must thus have been homogeneously distributed in the solar nebula. As large Os isotope anomalies are known from acid leachates and residues of primitive chondrites, the constant relative proportions of presolar s- and r-process carriers in such chondrites must have been maintained during nebular processes. It has long been assumed that partial melting of primitive chondrites would homogenize the isotopic heterogeneity carried by presolar grains. Here, ureilites, carbon-rich ultramafic achondrites dominantly composed of olivine and low-Ca pyroxene, are shown to be the first differentiated bulk Solar System materials for which nucleosynthetic Os isotope anomalies have been identified. These anomalies consist of enrichment in s-process Os heterogeneously distributed in different ureilites. Given the observed homogeneity of Os isotopes in all types of primitive chondrites, this Os isotope variability among ureilites must have been caused by selective removal of s-process-poor Os host phases, probably metal, during rapid localized melting on the ureilite parent body. While Mo and Ru isotope anomalies for all meteorites measured so far exhibit s-process deficits relative to the Earth, the opposite holds for the Os isotope anomalies in ureilites reported here. This might indicate that the Earth preferentially accreted olivine-rich restites and inherited a s-process excess relative to smaller meteorite bodies, consistent with Earth's high Mg/Si ratio and enrichment of s-process nuclides in Mo, Ru, and Nd isotopes. Our new Os isotope results imply that caution must be used when applying nucleosynthetic isotope anomalies as provenance indicators between different classes of meteorites.
Published: 2015

11. Contributors

Author: SONYA S. ABDEL-RAZEQ, ABDULRAHMAN ABDULBAKI, WAFFIYAH AFRIDI, MONZR M. AL MALKI, TANYA ALI, PHILIP J. ALIOTTA, RUBEN ALVERO, SRIVIDYA ANANDAN, MEL L. ANDERSON, KATHRYN TAYLOR ANILOWSKI, MICHELLE STOZEK ANVAR, ETSUKO AOKI, NICOLE APPELLE, WISSAM S.Z. ASFAHANI, DANIEL K. ASIEDU, SUDEEP KAUR AULAKH, CRISOSTOMO R. BALIOG, PRIYA BANSAL, KRISHNA BARADHI, ROWLAND P. BARRETT, KERRI BATRA, VIKRAM BEHERA, OMRI BERGER, ARNALDO A. BERGES, SETH A. BERKOWITZ, JAYDEEP BHAT, HARIKRASHNA BHATT, COURTNEY CLARK BILODEAU, KENNETH D. BISHOP, MICHAEL BLUNDIN, SHEENAGH M. BODKIN, NIRALI BORA, JEFFREY M. BORKAN, ALEXANDRA BOSKE, LYNN BOWLBY, MARK F. BRADY, MANDEEP K. BRAR, ELIZABETH J. BROWN, GAVIN BROWN, JENNIFER BUCKLEY, JONATHAN BURNS, D. BRANDON BURTIS, DOUGLAS BURTT, STEVEN BUSSELEN, CLAUDIA RODRIGUEZ CABRERA, NIDA CHAUDHARY, VICKY CHENG, GAURAV CHOUDHARY, STEPHANIE W. CHOW, LISA COHEN, SCOTT COHEN, KAILA COMPTON, MARIA A. CORIGLIANO, BRIAN J. COWLES, DAN A. CRISTESCU, PATRICIA CRISTOFARO, ALICIA J. CURTIN, KRISTY L. DALRYMPLE, GEORGE T. DANAKAS, ALEXANDRA DEGENHARDT, JOSEPH A. DIAZ, JIMMY DIEP, MICHAEL R. DOBBS, NATHALIA DOOBAY, WILLIAM F. DOTSON, ANDREW DUKER, STUART J. EISENDRATH, PAMELA ELLSWORTH, HODA ELTOMI, PATRICIO SEBASTIAN ESPINOSA, VALERIA FABRE, MARK J. FAGAN, GIL M. FARKASH, TIMOTHY W. FARRELL, MITCHELL D. FELDMAN, FRED F. FERRI, GLEN FINNEY, STACI A. FISCHER, MARLENE FISHMAN, TAMARA G. FONG, PHILIP FORMICA, FRANK G. FORT, GLENN G. FORT, DAVID J. FORTUNATO, GREGORY K. FRITZ, SAINATH GADDAM, GENNA GEKHT, PAUL F. GEORGE, ANNGENE A. GIUSTOZZI, CINDY GLEIT, RICHARD J. GOLDBERG, ALLA GOLDBURT, GEETHA GOPALAKRISHNAN, PAUL GORDON, NANCY R. GRAFF, JOHN A. GRAY, ELLIOTT M. GROVES, PAVAN GUPTA, PRIYA SARIN GUPTA, NAWAZ HACK, WILLIAM O. HAHN, HARALD ALEXANDER HALL, MICHELE HALPERN, SAJEEV HANDA, TAYLOR HARRISON, DON HAYES, N. WILSON HOLLAND, SUSIE L. HU, ANNE L. HUME, HARKAWAL S. HUNDAL, SHARLISA HUTSON, SARAH M. HYDER, RICHARD S. ISAACSON, AHMAD M. ISMAIL, MATTHEW D. JANKOWICH, NOEL S.C. JAVIER, JENNIFER JEREMIAH, MICHAEL P. JOHNSON, BREE JOHNSTON, KIMBERLY JONES, KOHAR JONES, LUCY KALANITHI, EMILY R. KATZ, ALI KAZIM, BROOKE E. KEELEY, KARA A. KENNEDY, BEVIN KENNEY, LARA KFOURY, JIWON KIM, WAN J. KIM, ROBERT M. KIRCHNER, MICHAEL KLEIN, MELVYN KOBY, ROBERT KOHN, ARAVIND RAO KOKKIRALA, KENNETH KORR, KRISTINA KRAMER, DAVID KURSS, CINDY LAI, EDWARD V. LALLY, QUANG P. LE, KACHIU LEE, MARGARET LEKANDER, MATTHEW A. LEVINE, DONITA DILLON LIGHTNER, CHUN LIM, CUI LI LIN, RICHARD LONG, ELIZABETH A. LOWENHAUPT, ZEINA W. MAANI, SUSANNA R. MAGEE, ACHRAF A. MAKKI, ATIZAZUL H. MANSOOR, DOUGLAS W. MARTIN, ELISABETH B. MATSON, DANIEL T. MATTSON, KATE MAVRICH, ALISON C. MAY, LAUREN MAY, MAITREYI MAZUMDAR, JEFFREY C. McCLEAN, KELLY A. McGARRY, LYNN McNICOLL, LAURA H. McPEAKE, AKANKSHA MEHTA, DANIEL E. MENDEZ-ALLWOOD, LONNIE R. MERCIER, DENNIS J. MIKOLICH, THERESA A. MORGAN, NADIA MUJAHID, VINCENT A. MUKKADA, BILAL H. NAQVI, JACK H. NASSAU, JUDY NEE, TAKUMA NEMOTO, JAMES J. NG, MELISSA NOTHNAGLE, BETH NOWAK, GAIL M. O’BRIEN, CAROLYN J. O’CONNOR, ALEXANDER B. OLAWAIYE, MICHAEL K. ONG, STEVEN M. OPAL, JOSEPH R. OWENS, CHRISTINA ANTONIO PACHECO, ROBERTO PACHECO, JANICE PATACSIL-TRULL, BIRJU B. PATEL, PRANAV M. PATEL, ELENI PATROZOU, ALISON PATTERSON, STEVEN PELIGIAN, HEIDI H. PETERSON, KATHARINE A. PHILLIPS, PAUL A. PIRRAGLIA, WENDY A. PLANTE, ANGELA M. PLETTE, SHARON S. HARTMAN POLENSEK, SAMUEL H. POON, DONN POSNER, ARUNDATHI G. PRASAD, AMANDA PRESSMAN, KITTICHAI PROMRAT, SHAHNAZ PUNJANI, IFAD U. RAHMAN, RADHIKA A. RAMANAN, CHRISTIAN N. RAMSEY, WASIM RASHID, RICHARD REGNANTE, VICTOR I. REUS, HARLAN G. RICH, JESSICA RISSER, RACHEL ROACH, LUTHER K. ROBINSON, JAMISON ROGERS, ANISHKA S. ROLLE, JULIE L. ROTH, LAUREN ROTH, AMITY RUBEOR, IMMAD SADIQ, NUHA R. SAID, BHARATH SATHYA, HEMANT K. SATPATHY, RUBY K. SATPATHY, JASON M. SATTERFIELD, SEAN I. SAVITZ, SYEDA M. SAYEED, PETER J. SELL, CATHERINE SHAFTS, MADHAVI SHAH, GRACE SHIH, ASHA SHRESTHA, MARK SIGMAN, JOANNE M. SILVIA, DIVYA SINGHAL, JOHN SLADKY, JEANETTE G. SMITH, U. SHIVRAJ SOHUR, DIVJOT SOOCH, HEATHER SUNTER, MARY BETH SUTTER, JULIE ANNE SZUMIGALA, DOMINICK TAMMARO, SARAH TAPYRIK, GLADYS TELANG, TAHIR TELLIOGLU, IRIS L. TONG, ALEXANDER G. TRUESDELL, MARGARET TRYFOROS, JOSEPH RALPH TUCCI, EROBOGHENE E. UBOGU, SEAN H. UITERWYK, NICOLE J. ULLRICH, MARISA E. VAN POZNAK, NITANTH R. VANGALA, JORGE A. VILLAFUERTE, TARA M. WAYT, DENNIS M. WEPPNER, JORDAN WHITE, LAUREL M. WHITE, HILARY B. WHITLACH, MATTHEW P. WICKLUND, AMANDA WOJTUSIK, CHARLES WOLFF, MARIE ELIZABETH WONG, WEN-CHIH WU, WEN Y. (HELENA) WU-CHEN, BETH J. WUTZ, SARAH L. XAVIER, AUGUSTIN G. YIP, JOHN Q. YOUNG, CANDICE YUVIENCO, CINDY ZADIKOFF, FARIHA ZAHEER, MARK ZIMMERMAN, BERNARD ZIMMERMANN, SCOTT J. ZUCCALA, and RYAN W. ZUZEK
Published: 2013
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12. Current Treatment of Achalasia

Author: D. Brandon Williams and William O. Richards
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Internal medicine, medicine, Cardiology, Achalasia, Current (fluid), medicine.disease, business
Published: 2011
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13. Contributors

Author: Herand Abcarian, Fizan Abdullah, Michael A. Abramson, Christopher J. Abularrage, Reid B. Adams, John. Adamski, Steven A. Ahrendt, Nita Ahuja, Hasan B. Alam, John C. Alverdy, David N. Armstrong, George J. Arnaoutakis, Alejandro Arnold, Zachary M. Arthurs, Horacio J. Asbun, Nancy L. Ascher, Theodor Asgeirsson, Stanley W. Ashley, Gildy V. Babiera, James H. Balcom, Zsolt J. Balogh, Farzaneh Banki, Adrian Barbul, Philip S. Barie, Todd W. Bauer, David E. Beck, Mazen I. Bedri, Manijeh Berenji, David L. Berger, Thomas A. Bergman, Stepheny D. Berry, Richard P. Billingham, Elisa H. Birnbaum, James H. Black, Kirby I. Bland, Grant V. Bochicchio, Philippe Bouchard, Judy C. Boughey, Steven P. Bowers, Colin M. Brady, Steven B. Brandes, Peter Brant-Zawadzki, Kenneth L. Brayman, Stacy A. Brethauer, Malcolm V. Brock, Benjamin S. Brooke, James T. Broome, Carl J. Brown, F. Charles Brunicardi, Thomas M. Brushart, Timothy G. Buchman, Eileen M. Bulger, J. Bracken Burns, Ronald W. Busuttil, John Byrne, Glenda G. Callender, Mark P. Callery, Richard P. Cambria, Andrew M. Cameron, John L. Cameron, Jeffrey Campsen, Joseph A. Caprini, Jonathan Carter, Abigail S. Caudle, Eugene P. Ceppa, Marisa Cevasco, Elliot L. Chaikof, Sricharan Chalikonda, Vinay Chandrasekhara, Vivek Chaudhry, Haiquan Chen, Herbert Chen, Aaron M. Cheng, Michael A. Choti, Kathleen K. Christians, A. Britton Christmas, Heidi Chua, Albert K. Chun, Alice Chung, Orlo H. Clark, Sean P. Cleary, Christine S. Cocanour, Panna A. Codner, Thomas H. Cogbill, Patrick S. Collier, Mark F. Conrad, Joel D. Cooper, Cybil Corning, Vicente Cortes, Joseph S. Coselli, Randall O. Craft, Martin A. Croce, Jessica Crow, Robert F. Cuff, Joseph J. Cullen, Steven C. Cunningham, Myriam J. Curet, Alan P.B. Dackiw, Nabil N. Dagher, R. Clement Darling, Nancy E. Davidson, John J. Degliuomini, Amy C. Degnim, Conor P. Delaney, Ronald P. DeMatteo, Steven R. DeMeester, Tom R. DeMeester, Daniel T. Dempsey, Ashwin L. deSouza, E. Gene Deune, Wayne C. DeVos, Justin B. Dimick, Timothy R. Donahue, Jonathan M. Dort, Eric J. Dozois, Elizabeth Dreesen, Quan-Yang Duh, Scott A. Dulchavsky, Mark D. Duncan, Umamaheshwar Duvvuri, Soumitra R. Eachempati, Jeffrey Eakin, Frederic E. Eckhauser, Barish H. Edil, Eric D. Edwards, Meghan Edwards, David T. Efron, Jonathan E. Efron, Philip A. Efron, E. Christopher Ellison, Trevor A. Ellison, Amgad El Sherif, Guillermo A. Escobar, Domenic P. Esposito, Douglas B. Evans, Heather L. Evans, Peter J. Fabri, Ronald M. Fairman, Houssam Farres, Richard H. Feins, David V. Feliciano, Charles M. Ferguson, Mark K. Ferguson, Cristina R. Ferrone, George S. Ferzli, Alessandro Fichera, Aaron S. Fink, David Fink, Rhonda Fishel, Kerry Fisher, William E. Fisher, Timothy C. Fitzgibbons, James W. Fleshman, Lewis M. Flint, Tanya R. Flohr, Jaime I. Flores, Sara P. Fogarty, Paul J. Foley, Yuman Fong, Charles M. Friel, Eric R. Frykberg, Joseph C. Fuller, Michele A. Gadd, Philippe Gailloud, Charles Galanis, James J. Gallagher, Scott F. Gallagher, Bryan A. Gaspard, Colleen B. Gaughan, Susan L. Gearhart, David A. Geller, Christos S. Georgiades, Jean-Francois H. Geschwind, Bashar Ghosheh, Samuel A. Giday, Armando E. Giuliano, Natalia Glebova, Nelson H. Goldberg, Jerry Goldstone, Suman Golla, Jessica E. Gosnell, Jeffrey R. Gourley, Jay A. Graham, Jayleen Grams, Michael P. Grant, Ana M. Grau, Axel Grothey, Marlon A. Guerrero, Jose G. Guillem, Adil H. Haider, Bruce Lee Hall, David C. Han, John W. Harmon, Kristi L. Harold, Amy P. Harper, Hobart W. Harris, Samad Hashimi, Heitham T. Hassoun, Elliott R. Haut, Marie-Noëlle Hébert-Blouin, Richard F. Heitmiller, J. Michael Henderson, B. Todd Heniford, Peter K. Henke, H. Franklin Herlong, Jonathan M. Hernandez, Philip J. Hess, Jonathan R. Hiatt, O. Joe Hines, Richard A. Hodin, John P. Hoffman, Johnny C. Hong, Toshitaka Hoppo, Jan K. Horn, Francis J. Hornicek, Rydhwana Hossain, Thomas J. Howard, David B. Hoyt, Jennifer E. Hrabe, Tjasa Hranjec, Tracy L. Hull, Mark D. Iannettoni, David A. Iannitti, Kamran Idrees, Elizabeth A. Ignacio, Tim A. Iseli, Hiromichi Ito, Heather Jacene, Lana L. Jackson, Lenworth M. Jacobs, Lisa K. Jacobs, Sanjay Jagannath, Nicholas Jaszczak, Vijay Jayaraman, Juan Carlos Jimenez, Judy Jin, Blair A. Jobe, Jennifer E. Joh, Eric K. Johnson, Jonas T. Johnson, Lynt B. Johnson, Michael Johnson, Sreenivasa Jonnalagadda, Gregory J. Jurkovich, Stefan S. Kachala, Anthony N. Kalloo, Giorgos C. Karakousis, Ryan D. Katz, Thomas Keane, Electron Kebebew, K. Craig Kent, Tara S. Kent, Mouen Khashab, Arman Kilic, Elizabeth Min Hui Kim, Yongsik Kim, Jonathan C. King, Tari A. King, Andrew W. Kirkpatrick, Allen Kong, Richard A. Kozarek, Mark J. Krasna, Helen Krontiras, David Kuwayama, Edward C.S. Lai, Alysandra Lal, Glenn M. LaMuraglia, Kwan N. Lau, Harish Lavu, Peter F. Lawrence, Karl A. LeBlanc, Anna M. Ledgerwood, Scott A. LeMaire, Barry C. Lembersky, William H. Leukhardt, Ryan Li, Keith D. Lillemoe, Pamela A. Lipsett, Evan C. Lipsitz, Alex G. Little, Charles E. Lucas, James D. Luketich, Ying Wei Lum, Sean P. Lyden, Bruce V. MacFadyen, Maria Lucia L. Madariaga, Thomas H. Magnuson, Ronald V. Maier, Martin A. Makary, Rohit Makhija, Mark A. Malangoni, Mahmoud B. Malas, Paul N. Manson, Peter W. Marcello, Jeffrey M. Marks, Michael R. Marohn, Terri R. Martin, Tomas D. Martin, Douglas J. Mathisen, Brent D. Matthews, Peter J. Mazzaglia, John E. McDermott, David W. McFadden, Christopher R. McHenry, Robert C. McIntyre, Elisabeth C. McLemore, Robin S. McLeod, John D. Mellinger, Nicholas Melo, Genevieve B. Melton, Andrew J. Meltzer, W. Scott Melvin, Maria Clara Mendoza, Ryan Messiner, Anthony A. Meyer, William C. Meyers, Fabrizio Michelassi, Keith W. Millikan, Thomas J. Miner, Jeffrey F. Moley, Frederick A. Moore, Ellen H. Morrow, Monica Morrow, Angela K. Moss, Fady Moustarah, Sami Mufeed, Roberta L. Muldoon, Ashok Muniappan, Erin H. Murphy, Peter Muscarella, Maurice Y. Nahabedian, Lena M. Napolitano, William H. Nealon, Todd Neideen, Leigh A. Neumayer, Naeem A. Newman, Hien T. Nguyen, Kevin Tri Nguyen, Mehrdad Nikfarjam, Jeffrey A. Norton, Charles S. O'Mara, Raymond P. Onders, H. Leon Pachter, Theodore N. Pappas, Manish Parikh, Jason Park, Jose L. Pascual, Virendra I. Patel, Russell K. Pearl, Andrew B. Peitzman, John H. Pemberton, Bruce A. Perler, Nancy D. Perrier, Catherine E. Pesce, Joseph B. Petelin, Jeffrey H. Peters, Henrik Petrowsky, Jason M. Pfluke, Scott R. Philipp, Bradley J. Phillips, Greta L. Piper, Henry A. Pitt, Louis R. Pizano, Jeffrey L. Ponsky, Jason D. Prescott, Peter J. Pronovost, Gerd D. Pust, Aliaksei Pustavoitau, Juan Carlos Puyana, Umair Qazi, Robert R. Quickel, Jin H. Ra, Ariel N. Rad, Martin G. Radvany, Janice F. Rafferty, Reza Rahbari, Margarita Ramos, Bruce J. Ramshaw, Arthur Rawlings, Patrick R. Reardon, Howard A. Reber, Jennifer G. Reeder, Tobi Reidy, Andrew Reifsnyder, Thomas F. Reifsnyder, Andrew S. Resnick, William O. Richards, Erwin Rieder, John P. Roberts, Raymond E. Robinson, Thomas N. Robinson, Aurelio Rodriguez, Jose M. Rodriguez-Paz, Selwyn O. Rogers, Mark Romig, Glen S. Roseborough, Alexander S. Rosemurgy, Eben L. Rosenthal, Daniel C. Rossi, Gedge D. Rosson, Bashar Safar, Barry A. Salky, Rachel J. Santora, Shawn N. Sarin, Robert G. Sawyer, Harry C. Sax, Thomas M. Scalea, Philip R. Schauer, A. Frederick Schild, C. Max Schmidt, John G. Schneider, Martin A. Schreiber, Douglas J.E. Schuerer, Richard D. Schulick, C. William Schwab, Michael A. Schweitzer, Christopher Scortino, Anthony J. Senagore, Stephen M. Sentovich, Boris Sepesi, Melanie W. Seybt, Amit Shah, Paul C. Shellito, Alexander D. Shepard, Kirti Shetty, Jason K. Sicklick, Eric J. Silberfein, Ronald P. Silverman, Rache M. Simmons, Ronald F. Sing, Barbara L. Smith, C. Daniel Smith, Maurice A. Smith, R. Stephen Smith, Michael J. Snyder, Helen Sohn, David I. Soybel, Michael P. Spencer, Robert J. Spinner, Nicholas J. Spoerke, Scott R. Steele, Sharon L. Stein, Kent A. Stevens, Robert P. Sticca, Gregory V. Stiegmann, Jerry Stonemetz, Steven M. Strasberg, Michael B. Streiff, Stacey Su, Joseph F. Sucher, Marc Sussman, David E.R. Sutherland, Lee L. Swanstrom, Maakan Taghizadeh, Mark A. Talamini, John L. Tarpley, Servet Tatli, Spence M. Taylor, David J. Terris, Geoffrey B. Thompson, L. William Traverso, Donald D. Trunkey, Peter I. Tsai, Susan Tsai, Theodore N. Tsangaris, Robert Udelsman, Konstantin Umanskiy, Gilbert R. Upchurch, Marshall M. Urist, Harold C. Urschel, Parsia A. Vagefi, Philbert Y. Van, Kyle J. Van Arendonk, Jean-Nicolas Vauthey, Nirmal K. Veeramachaneni, George C. Velmahos, Anthony C. Venbrux, Charles M. Vollmer, Frank K. Wacker, Marc K. Wallack, R. Matthew Walsh, Grace J. Wang, Jennifer Y. Wang, Thomas N. Wang, Joshua A. Waters, Michael T. Watkins, Christopher M. Watson, Alexandra L.B. Webb, John A. Weigelt, Eric G. Weiss, Edward E. Whang, Eric B. Whitacre, D. Brandon Williams, Bruce G. Wolff, Christopher Wolfgang, Patricia Wong, Douglas E. Wood, Bhupender Yadav, Stephen C. Yang, Charles J. Yeo, Sam S. Yoon, Christopher J. You, Y. Nancy You, Yassar Youssef, Stéphane Zalinski, Gideon A. Zamir, Christopher K. Zarins, Martha A. Zeiger, Michael E. Zenilman, and Michael A. Zimmerman
Published: 2011
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14. Tetanus Toxin

Author: D. Brandon Burtis and Michael R. Dobbs
Subjects: business.industry, Tetanus, Toxin, Medicine, business, medicine.disease, medicine.disease_cause, Microbiology
Published: 2009
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15. CONTRIBUTORS

Author: Joseph R. Berger, Delia Bethell, Peter G. Blain, John C.M. Brust, D. Brandon Burtis, Mary Capelli-Schellpfeffer, Sarah A. Carr, Jane W. Chan, Pratap Chand, Sundeep Dhillon, Michael R. Dobbs, Peter D. Donofrio, Thierry Philippe Jacques Duprez, Tracy J. Eicher, Alberto J. Espay, Jeremy Farrar, Dominic B. Fee, Larry W. Figgs, Jordan A. Firestone, Arthur D. Forman, Brent Furbee, Ray F. Garman, Des Gorman, Sidney M. Gospe, David G. Greer, Patrick M. Grogan, Philippe Hantson, Tran Tinh Hien, Michael Hoffmann, Christopher P. Holstege, Amber N. Hood, Maria K. Houtchens, J. Stephen Huff, Col. (S) Michael S. Jaffee, David A. Jett, Gregory A. Jicha, Bryan S. Judge, Jonathan S. Katz, Kara A. Kennedy, Hani A. Kushlaf, David Lawrence, Victor A. Levin, Elizabeth Lienemann, Steven B. Lippmann, Nancy McLinskey, Christina A. Meyers, Puneet Narang, Jonathan Newmark, John P. Ney, Lawrence K. Oliver, Peter J. Osterbauer, Sumit Parikh, L. Cameron Pimperl, Terri L. Postma, T. Scott Prince, Leon Prockop, Jason R. Richardson, Daniel E. Rusyniak, Melody Ryan, Redda Tekle Haimamot, Brett J. Theeler, Asit K. Tripathy, Anand G. Vaishnav, David R. Wallace, Michael R. Watters, and Brandon Wills
Published: 2009
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16. NOSOCOMIAL PNEUMONIA

Author: David A. Spain, Amritha Raghunathan, D. Brandon Williams, and Susan I. Brundage
Subjects: Pneumonia, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Medicine, business, medicine.disease, Intensive care medicine
Published: 2008
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17. CONTRIBUTORS

Author: Michel B. Aboutanos, Roxie M. Albrecht, Preya Ananthakrishnan, John T. Anderson, Michael Andreae, John H. Armstrong, Juan A. Asensio, John A. Aucar, Jeffrey S. Augenstein, Michael M. Badellino, Philip S. Barie, Alexander Becker, Edward J. Bedrick, Alfred F. Behrens, Jay Berger, John D. Berne, Charles D. Best, Walter L. Biffl, F. William Blaisdell, Grant V. Bochicchio, Christopher T. Born, Benjamin Braslow, L.D. Britt, Susan I. Brundage, Jon M. Burch, David G. Burris, Patricia M. Byers, Allan Capin, Guy J. Cappuccino, Eddy H. Carrillo, Ricardo Castrellon, David C. Chang, William C. Chiu, Chee Kiong Chong, A. Britton Christmas, Danny Chu, David J. Ciesla, William G. Cioffi, Christine S. Cocanour, Mitchell J. Cohen, Raul Coimbra, Edward E. Cornwell, C. Clay Cothren, Thomas B. Cox, Martin A. Croce, Mark J. Dannenbaum, Ramazi O. Datiashvili, Daniel P. Davis, Kimberly A. Davis, Dan L. Deckelbaum, Edwin A. Deitch, Ellise Delphin, Rochelle A. Dicker, Lawrence N. Diebel, Jonathan M. Dort, Wayne E. Dubov, Michael B. Dunham, Dominic J. Duran, Rodney M. Durham, Soumitra R. Eachempati, Brian John Eastridge, Thomas J. Ellis, Michael Englehart, Thomas J. Esposito, Timothy C. Fabian, Samir M. Fakhry, Anthony J. Falvo, Ara Feinstein, David V. Feliciano, Luis G. Fernandez, Mitchell P. Fink, Lewis M. Flint, William R. Fry, Eric. R. Frykberg, Richard L. Gamelli, Parham A. Ganchi, George D. Garcia, Major Luis Manuel García-Núñez, Robin Michael Gehrmann, Larry M. Gentilello, Enrique Ginzburg, Laurent G. Glance, Scott B. Gmora, Thomas J. Goaley, Nestor R. Gonzalez, Roshini Gopinathan, Vicente Gracias, Thomas S. Granchi, Mark S. Granick, Eduard Grass, Margaret Mary Griffen, Ronald I. Gross, Joseph M. Gutmann, Fahim A. Habib, S. Morad Hameed, Ola Harrskog, Robert A. Hart, Carl J. Hauser, Sharon Henry, H. Mathilda Horst, Herman P. Houin, David B. Hoyt, Catherine A. Humphrey, Felicia A. Ivascu, Rao R. Ivatury, Lenworth M. Jacobs, Per-Olof Jarnberg, Gregory J. Jurkovich, Riyad Karmy-Jones, Tamer Karsidag, Donald R. Kauder, Larry T. Khoo, Booker T. King, David R. King, Laszlo Kiraly, Orlando C. Kirton, Michael F. Ksycki, Anna M. Ledgerwood, Guy Lin, Edward Lineen, David H. Livingston, Charles E. Lucas, Fred A. Luchette, Mauricio Lynn, Robert C. Mackersie, Louis J. Magnotti, John W. Mah, George O. Maish, Ajai K. Malhotra, Matthew J. Martin, Antonio Carlos C. Marttos, Kenneth Mattox, Kimball I. Maull, John C. Mayberry, Christopher A. McFarren, Mark G. McKenney, Mario A. Meallet, Mark M. Melendez, J. Wayne Meredith, Christopher P. Michetti, Preston Roy Miller, Richard S. Miller, Joseph P. Minei, Frank (Tres) Louis Mitchell, Alicia M. Mohr, Ernest E. Moore, Boris Mordikovich, Amanda J. Morehouse, John A. Morris, Anne C. Mosenthal, Patricia Murphy, Nicholas Namias, Lena M. Napolitano, Mark A. Newell, R. Joseph Nold, Scott H. Norwood, Juan B. Ochoa, Turner Osler, H. Leon Pachter, Manish Parikh, Michael D. Pasquale, Andrew B. Peitzman, Antonio Pepe, Patrizio Petrone, Louis R. Pizano, Patricio M. Polanco, Juan Carlos Puyana, Amritha Raghunathan, R. Lawrence Reed II, Peter M. Rhee, Samuel T. Rhee, Michael Rhodes, Norman M. Rich, J. David Richardson, Charles M. Richart, Donald Robinson, Steven E. Ross, Michael F. Rotondo, Vincent Lopez Rowe, Francisco Alexander Ruiz Zelaya, Alisa Savetamal, Thomas M. Scalea, William P. Schecter, L.R. Tres Scherer, Paul Schipper, Martin A. Schreiber, Carl Schulman, C. William Schwab, Marc J. Shapiro, David V. Shatz, Ziad C. Sifri, Amy C. Sisley, L. Ola Sjoholm, R. Stephen Smith, Eduardo Smith-Singares, David A. Spain, Jason L. Sperry, Kenneth D. Stahl, Mithran S. Sukumar, Kenneth G. Swan, Virak Tan, Vartan S. Tashjian, Robert L. Tatsumi, Tedla Tessema, Erwin R. Thal, Brandon Tieu, Areti Tillou, Glen H. Tinkoff, Samuel A. Tisherman, S. Rob Todd, Peter G. Trafton, Matthew J. Trovato, Donald D. Trunkey, Glenn S. Tse, David W. Tuggle, Alex B. Valadka, Nicole M. VanDerHeyden, Alexander D. Vara, Ricardo Verdiner, Matthew J. Wall, Anthony Watkins, Leonard J. Weireter, John S. Weston, Harry E. Wilkins, D. Brandon Williams, and David H. Wisner
Published: 2008
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18. Sex- and operation-dependent effects on 5-year weight loss results of bariatric surgery.

Author: Samuels JM, Albaugh VL, Yu D, Chen Y, Williams DB, Spann MD, Wang L, Flynn CR, and English WJ
Subjects: Humans, Male, Female, Retrospective Studies, Adult, Middle Aged, Sex Factors, Treatment Outcome, Laparoscopy methods, Bariatric Surgery methods, Weight Loss physiology, Obesity, Morbid surgery, Gastric Bypass, Gastrectomy methods
Abstract: Background: Weight loss response after bariatric surgery is highly variable, and several demographic factors are associated with differential responses to surgery. Preclinical studies demonstrate numerous sex-specific responses to bariatric surgery, but whether these responses are also operation dependent is unknown., Objective: To examine sex-specific weight loss outcomes up to 5 years after laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and sleeve gastrectomy (SG)., Setting: Single center, university, United States., Methods: Retrospective, observational cohort study including RYGB (n = 5057) and vertical SG (n = 2041) patients from a single, academic health center. Percentage total weight loss (TWL) over time was examined with generalized linear mixed models to determine the main and interaction effects of surgery type on weight loss by sex., Results: TWL demonstrated a strong sex-by-procedure interaction, with women having a significant advantage with RYGB compared with SG (adjusted difference at 5 yr: 8.0% [95% CI: 7.5-8.5]; P < .001). Men also experienced greater TWL over time with RYGB or SG, but the difference was less and clinically insignificant (adjusted difference at 5 yr: 2.9% [2.0-3.8]; P < .001; P interaction between sex and procedure type = .0001). Overall, women had greater TWL than men, and RYGB patients had greater TWL than SG patients (adjusted difference at 5 yr: 3.1% [2.4-3.2] and 6.9% [6.5-7.3], respectively; both P < .0001). Patients with diabetes lost less weight compared with those without (adjusted difference at 5 yr: 3.0% [2.7-3.2]; P < .0001)., Conclusions: Weight loss after bariatric surgery is sex- and procedure-dependent. There is an association suggesting a clinically insignificant difference in weight loss between RYGB and SG among male patients at both the 2- and 5-year postsurgery time points., (Copyright © 2024 American Society for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2024
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19. Relationship Between Maternal Emotional Distress and Early Dyadic Interactions During Hospitalization of Preterm Infants in Malawi.

Author: Gondwe KW, Yang Q, Khwepeya M, Chipojola R, Nkhoma-Mussa Y, and Brandon D
Subjects: Humans, Female, Malawi, Infant, Newborn, Adult, Psychological Distress, Hospitalization statistics & numerical data, Stress, Psychological psychology, Male, Infant, Premature psychology, Mother-Child Relations psychology, Kangaroo-Mother Care Method psychology, Kangaroo-Mother Care Method methods, Mothers psychology
Abstract: Objective: To examine the relationship between emotional distress and mother-preterm infant interactions among mothers who used skin-to-skin care and to explore their experiences of childbirth and continuous skin-to-skin care., Design: A sequential, explanatory, mixed-methods design., Setting: A neonatal nursery in a tertiary-level hospital in Malawi., Participants: Forty-four mother-preterm infant dyads; we interviewed 15 of these mothers., Methods: We administered surveys to assess emotional distress (i.e., depression, anxiety, posttraumatic stress, and worry about infant health) and video-recorded mother-infant interactions. We used regression analysis to assess the relationship between indicators of emotional distress and mother-infant interactions and further examined whether skin-to-skin care was associated with maternal distress. We used in-depth interviews to collect qualitative data and used content analysis to identify common themes., Results: Symptoms of emotional distress were negatively associated with the frequency of infant negative behaviors and gestures, infant smiling, and mother looking and infant smiling when we controlled for the number of days administering continuous skin-to-skin care, gestational age, and severity of the infant's condition. Mothers reported that they felt stressed by providing continuous skin-to-skin care but appreciated its positive effects on the infant., Conclusion: Emotional distress while providing continuous skin-to-skin care was associated with poorer mother-preterm infant interactions The mental distress that mothers undergo while delivering continuous skin-to-skin care to their infants can be draining. It is essential for nurses to offer the required psychological support to enhance maternal mental health and encourage positive infant behavior and development. Health care systems need to support this level of nursing care., Competing Interests: Conflict of Interest The authors report no conflicts of interest or relevant financial relationships., (Copyright © 2024 AWHONN, the Association of Women’s Health, Obstetric and Neonatal Nurses. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2024
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20. Prevalence of thiamine deficiency is significant in patients undergoing primary bariatric surgery.

Author: Albaugh VL, Williams DB, Aher CV, Spann MD, and English WJ
Subjects: Adult, Female, Gastrectomy, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Prevalence, Retrospective Studies, Bariatric Surgery adverse effects, Gastric Bypass adverse effects, Obesity, Morbid surgery, Thiamine Deficiency epidemiology, Thiamine Deficiency etiology
Abstract: Background: Patients undergoing metabolic and bariatric surgery are prone to developing micronutrient deficiencies, necessitating life-long nutritional supplementation and monitoring. Historically, these deficiencies were thought to be driven by postsurgical changes in absorption. Recent data, though, have demonstrated that obesity alone is also associated with micronutrient deficiencies. Thiamine deficiency, in particular, can lead to permanent neurologic deficits., Objective: Identify thiamine deficiency prevalence within the preoperative metabolic and bariatric surgery patient population., Setting: Single institution academic medical center., Methods: A retrospective review of deidentified data was examined that included whole blood thiamine measured from consecutive patients from April 2018 to June 2019 (n = 346). Cohort characteristics were assessed including age, operation, preoperative weight, and race/ethnicity. The majority of the cohort were women (83%) with an average age of 44.9 years. Racial representation included White/Caucasian (73%) and Black (21%), while operations included Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (58%), sleeve gastrectomy (31%), and revisions (10%)., Results: Thiamine concentration was normally distributed with a mean of 144 nM. Overall, 3.5% of patients had thiamine concentrations below the lower limit of normal of <70 nM, while 35 additional patients (14%) were at risk for thiamine deficiency with concentrations <100 nM. On the average, these patients were of similar age and were all undergoing primary procedures (50% gastric bypass, 50% sleeve gastrectomy). Regression methods demonstrated that patients with thiamine deficiency tended to be females with higher body mass index, even after controlling for sex, height, and preoperative weight. After covariate adjustment, male sex and increasing height were both associated with higher thiamine concentration., Conclusion: Previously quoted rates of thiamine deficiency in the preoperative patient are variable, but we describe a significant number of patients with, or at risk of, thiamine deficiency. Male sex and increasing height are likely associated with increased skeletal muscle mass, which is enriched with thiamine. Routine thiamine measurement, either preoperatively or at the time of surgery, is warranted given its limited stores within the body and potential catastrophic complications associated with acute or chronic deficiency., (Copyright © 2020 American Society for Bariatric Surgery. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2021
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21. Effect of laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass versus laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy on fasting gastrointestinal and pancreatic peptide hormones: A prospective nonrandomized trial.

Author: Yang J, Gao Z, Williams DB, Wang C, Lee S, Zhou X, and Qiu P
Subjects: Adult, Biomarkers metabolism, Blood Glucose metabolism, Body Mass Index, Fasting blood, Female, Gastric Bypass methods, Glucagon metabolism, Humans, Insulin metabolism, Male, Obesity, Morbid blood, Obesity, Morbid surgery, Prospective Studies, Weight Loss physiology, Bariatric Surgery methods, Gastrectomy methods, Gastrointestinal Hormones metabolism, Laparoscopy methods, Pancreatic Hormones metabolism
Abstract: Background: Changes in gastrointestinal and pancreatic hormones may play a role in promoting long-term weight reduction and improved glucose metabolism after sleeve gastrectomy and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. However, few studies have examined the metabolic and endocrine effects of these procedures in Mainland China., Objectives: To compare the effects of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) and laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGB) on gastrointestinal and pancreatic peptide hormones., Setting: University hospital, China., Methods: A nonrandomized prospective study was conducted in Chinese obese patients undergoing LSG or LRYGB. Of 20 patients in this study, 10 underwent LSG, and 10 underwent LRYGB. Fasting plasma levels of insulin, glucagon, ghrelin, gastric inhibitory peptide, peptide YY, glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1, and GLP-2 were measured preoperatively and at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after surgery. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT02963662)., Results: During the first year after both operations, mean body mass index and fasting insulin levels steadily decreased at all intervals. Fasting plasma glucose levels significantly decreased at 1 month after surgery, then remained stable in both groups. Glucagon levels significantly decreased at 1, 3, and 6 months after surgery in both groups, but returned to baseline at 12 months. Fasting GLP-1 and peptide YY significantly increased in both groups, but more so after LRYGB. However, GLP-2 did not change in either group. Ghrelin levels significantly decreased after LSG, but not after LRYGB. Gastric inhibitory peptide levels decreased after LRYGB but not after LSG., Conclusions: LSG and LRYGB resulted in significant and distinct changes in multiple gastrointestinal and pancreatic peptide hormones that are important regulators of obesity and metabolic health., (Copyright © 2018 American Society for Bariatric Surgery. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2018
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22. Maternal cultural practices for neonates' care in upper Egypt.

Author: Osman A, Gaffer Y, Sharkawy A, and Brandon D
Subjects: Adult, Breast Feeding psychology, Cultural Characteristics, Delivery, Obstetric statistics & numerical data, Egypt, Female, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Maternal Health Services, Midwifery, Perinatal Death prevention & control, Pregnancy, Umbilical Cord, Breast Feeding ethnology, Home Childbirth statistics & numerical data, Infant Care, Mothers psychology, Parturition ethnology, Perinatal Care
Abstract: Problem: Little is known about the home practices and care given to neonates born in Egypt., Background: Two thirds of all infant deaths in Egypt occur in the neonatal period and many of these deaths occur in the home environment out of sight of health care providers. Understanding cultural practices and beliefs about caring for neonates may help direct appropriate interventions to improve infant outcomes., Aim: To describe maternal cultural care practices used with neonates and highlight harmful practices in order to identify areas of required change in care., Methods: A descriptive study using a convenience sample of 200 women recruiting from outpatient pediatric facilities in Qena, Egypt. Face to face interviews were used to gather data., Findings: More than one third (37.5%) of the studied women given birth in the home, and a traditional birth attendant assisted with the majority of home births (90%). Breast-feeding was delayed between 1 and 4days in 27% of the women and they were more likely to use cultural practices, rather than modern medical practices, for neonatal eye and umbilical care. Maternal cultural practices used in the home can be categorized as being harmful, beneficial, and as having no-effect on neonatal health based upon available evidence., Discussion: A variety of cultural practices are used by women for neonatal care in upper Egypt. Many of these practices may have a negative effect on neonatal health and should be discontinued., Conclusion: Comprehensive interventions are needed to modify women' care practices., (Copyright © 2017 Australian College of Midwives. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2018
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23. Relationship between mother-infant mutual dyadic responsiveness and premature infant development as measured by the Bayley III at 6 weeks corrected age.

Author: White-Traut RC, Rankin KM, Yoder J, Zawacki L, Campbell S, Kavanaugh K, Brandon D, and Norr KF
Subjects: Adult, Developmental Disabilities psychology, Female, Humans, Infant, Newborn, Infant, Premature psychology, Male, Social Skills, Child Development, Developmental Disabilities epidemiology, Infant, Premature growth & development, Mother-Child Relations
Abstract: Background: The quality of mother-preterm infant interaction has been identified as a key factor in influencing the infant's later development and language acquisition. The relationship between mother-infant responsiveness and later development may be evident early in infancy, a time period which has been understudied., Aim: Describe the relationship between mother-infant mutual dyadic responsiveness and premature infant development., Design: This study employed a secondary analysis of data from the 6-week corrected age (CA) follow-up visit of the Hospital-Home Transition: Optimizing Prematures' Environment (H-HOPE) study, a randomized clinical trial testing the efficacy of a mother- and infant- focused intervention for improving outcomes among premature infants., Subjects: Premature infants born between 29 and 34 weeks gestational age and their mothers who had social-environmental risks., Outcome Measures: At 6-weeks corrected age, a play session was coded for the quality of mutual responsiveness (Dyadic Mutuality Code). Development was assessed via the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, 3rd edition., Results: Of 137 mother-infant dyads, high, medium and low mutual responsiveness was observed for 35.8%, 34.3% and 29.9%, respectively. Overall motor, language and cognitive scores were 115.8 (SD = 8.2), 108.0 (7.7) and 109.3 (7.9). Multivariable linear models showed infants in dyads with high versus low mutual responsiveness had higher scores on the motor (β = 3.07, p = 0.06) and language (β = 4.47, p = 0.006) scales., Conclusion: High mutual responsiveness in mother-premature infant dyads is associated with significantly better language development and marginally better motor development., (Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2018
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24. Endoscopic management of erosion after banded bariatric procedures.

Author: Spann MD, Aher CV, English WJ, and Williams DB
Subjects: Adult, Aged, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Gastroplasty instrumentation, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Reoperation, Retrospective Studies, Device Removal methods, Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal methods, Gastroplasty adverse effects, Obesity, Morbid surgery, Postoperative Complications surgery
Abstract: Background: Prosthetic materials wrapped around a portion of the stomach have been used to provide gastric restriction in bariatric surgery for many years. Intraluminal erosion of adjustable and nonadjustable gastric bands typically occurs many years after placement and results in various symptoms. Endoscopic management of gastric band erosion has been described and allows for optimal patient outcomes., Objectives: We will describe our methods and experience with endoscopic management of intraluminal gastric band erosions after bariatric procedures., Setting: University hospital in the United States., Methods: A retrospective review of our bariatric surgery database identified patients undergoing removal of gastric bands. A chart review was then undertaken to confirm erosion of prosthetic material into the gastrointestinal tract. Baseline characteristics, operative reports, and follow-up data were analyzed., Results: Sixteen patients were identified with an eroded gastric band: 11 after banded gastric bypass, 3 after laparoscopic adjustable gastric band (LAGB), and 2 after vertical banded gastroplasty. All patients were successfully treated with endoscopic removal of the prosthetic materials using either endoscopic scissors or ligation of the banding material with off-label use of a mechanical lithotripter device. Complications included a postoperative gastrointestinal bleed requiring repeat endoscopy, 1 patient with asymptomatic pneumoperitoneum requiring observation, and 1 with seroma at the site of LAGB port removal., Conclusions: Endoscopic management of intraluminal prosthetic erosion after gastric banded bariatric procedures can be safe and effective and should be considered when treating this complication. Erosion of the prosthetic materials inside the gastric lumen allows for potential endoscopic removal without free intraabdominal perforation. Endoscopic devices designed for dividing eroded LAGBs may help standardize and increase utilization of this approach., (Copyright © 2017 American Society for Bariatric Surgery. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2017
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25. Non-inferiority of mammalian cell-derived quadrivalent subunit influenza virus vaccines compared to trivalent subunit influenza virus vaccines in healthy children: a phase III randomized, multicenter, double-blind clinical trial.

Author: Hartvickson R, Cruz M, Ervin J, Brandon D, Forleo-Neto E, Dagnew AF, Chandra R, Lindert K, and Mateen AA
Subjects: Adolescent, Antibodies, Viral blood, Antibody Formation, Child, Child, Preschool, Double-Blind Method, Female, Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests, Humans, Male, Seroconversion, Vaccination, Vaccines, Inactivated immunology, Influenza Vaccines immunology, Influenza, Human prevention & control
Abstract: Objectives: The safety and immunogenicity of mammalian cell-derived quadrivalent influenza vaccine (QIVc) as compared with trivalent influenza vaccines (TIV1c/TIV2c) was evaluated in children aged ≥4 to <18 years., Methods: Two thousand three hundred and thirty-three subjects were randomized 2:1:1 to receive either one or two doses of study vaccine depending on previous vaccination status. Hemagglutination inhibition antibody responses for all four influenza strains were performed 3 weeks after the last dose. Reactogenicity and safety were also assessed (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01992107)., Results: QIVc met the non-inferiority criteria against all four vaccine strains and demonstrated superiority for both influenza B strains over the unmatched B lineage included in the comparator vaccines, when geometric mean titers and seroconversion rates were compared at 3 weeks after the last vaccination. Similar percentages of subjects experienced solicited and unsolicited adverse events (AEs) across all subgroups. Unsolicited AEs, serious AEs, medically attended AEs, and new onset chronic disease were reported in comparable percentages of subjects in all study groups. No vaccine-related serious AEs or deaths occurred., Conclusions: QIVc demonstrated a similar safety profile and immunogenicity responses against all four vaccine strains without signs of immune interference on addition of an alternate lineage B strain compared with TIV1c/TIV2c and may provide broader protection against both influenza B lineages in children., (Copyright © 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2015
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26. Effect of Maternal Body Mass Index on Infant Breastfeeding Behaviors and Exclusive Direct Breastfeeding.

Author: Lucas R, Judge M, Sajdlowska J, Cong X, McGrath JM, and Brandon D
Subjects: Breast Feeding psychology, Breast Feeding statistics & numerical data, Cohort Studies, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Infant, Newborn, Longitudinal Studies, Maternal Health, Mother-Child Relations, Pregnancy, Risk Assessment, Socioeconomic Factors, Time Factors, Body Mass Index, Breast Feeding methods, Health Behavior, Infant Behavior, Patient Education as Topic methods
Abstract: Objective: To describe the effect of maternal body mass index (BMI) on infant breastfeeding behaviors (poor, steady, vigorous) and the transition of the mother-infant dyad to exclusive, direct breastfeeding during the first month of life., Design: Longitudinal descriptive investigation., Setting: Tertiary-level southeastern medical center and follow-up telephone calls., Participants: One hundred sixteen healthy, racially diverse, breastfeeding mother-infant dyads (77 full-term and 39 late-preterm infants)., Main Outcome Measure(s): Breastfeeding outcomes were classified as exclusive direct or partially breastfed. The effect of maternal BMI was compared to results from weekly mother's reports of infant breastfeeding behaviors., Results: Significant breastfeeding differences were observed based on maternal BMI and infant gestational age. Mothers with BMIs greater than 25 who described their infants as a vigorous breastfeeders were less likely to exclusively direct breastfeed (p < .002). Only 40% of mother-infant dyads had exclusive direct breastfeeding at any time point or gestational age with no significant increase at any time point after discharge. The BMIs of the woman made no difference in exclusive direct breastfeeding full-term infants compared to late-preterm infants., Conclusion: Maternal BMI had limited negative influence on exclusive direct breastfeeding during the first 4 weeks after discharge. Mothers should be educated that many infants need 3 to 4 weeks after discharge to learn how to breastfeed, infant feeding demands change during this time, and this time is important to the infant's neurologic and overall development., (© 2015 AWHONN, the Association of Women's Health, Obstetric and Neonatal Nurses.)
Published: 2015
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27. Nurse perception of Bispectral Index monitoring as an adjunct to sedation scale assessment in the critically ill paediatric patient.

Author: Hawks SJ, Brandon D, and Uhl T
Subjects: Child, Critical Care Nursing, Humans, Monitoring, Physiologic methods, Neuromuscular Blocking Agents therapeutic use, Quality Improvement, Critical Illness nursing, Nursing Assessment methods
Abstract: Background: Reliability of clinical scales and haemodynamic variables for assessing sedation depth in critically children is limited, particularly for those receiving neuromuscular blocking agents (NMBAs)., Objective: To introduce and integrate the use of Bispectral Index (BIS) monitoring as adjunct to sedation scale assessment in intubated mechanically ventilated Paediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) patients., Methods: Quality improvement intervention including: BIS education for all PICU nurses; 8-week implementation of BIS monitoring guided by Paediatric BIS Sedation Protocol; evaluation by convenience sample of nurses (n=17)., Measurements: 15-Item survey assessing perceptions of BIS attributes was given to nurses after first 4 BIS encounters; nurse comments and project coordinator observations were recorded., Findings: Survey data (intermediate reliability and nurse attitude ratings and low ratings on other attributes; little change over time) revealed nurses' reservations about the usefulness of BIS as an adjunct to sedation scales, but qualitative data indicated that they valued BIS for assessing sedation depth in children receiving NMBAs., Conclusions: Post-intervention, BIS monitoring was adopted in PICU for children receiving NMBAs. One year later, this practice is sustained, and the percentage of BIS-monitored patients has increased. Guidelines addressing the use of BIS in patients not receiving paralytics are needed., (Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2013
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28. Detection of benzimidazole carbamates and amino metabolites in liver by surface plasmon resonance-biosensor.

Author: Keegan J, O'Kennedy R, Crooks S, Elliott C, Brandon D, and Danaher M
Subjects: Acetonitriles chemistry, Animals, Antibodies immunology, Benzimidazoles isolation & purification, Benzimidazoles metabolism, Carbamates isolation & purification, Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid methods, Cyclohexanes chemistry, Drug Residues isolation & purification, Sheep, Solid Phase Extraction methods, Swine, Tandem Mass Spectrometry methods, Benzimidazoles analysis, Biosensing Techniques methods, Carbamates analysis, Drug Residues analysis, Liver metabolism, Surface Plasmon Resonance methods
Abstract: Two surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor screening assays were developed and validated to detect 11 benzimidazole carbamate (BZT) and four amino-benzimidazole veterinary drug residues in liver tissue. The assays used polyclonal antibodies, raised in sheep, to detect BZTs and amino-benzimidazoles. A modified Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe (QuEChERS) extraction method was developed to isolate benzimidazole carbamate residues. Liver samples were extracted using an acetonitrile extraction method. BZTs were purified by dispersive solid phase extraction (d-SPE) using C(18) sorbent. Residues of amino-benzimidazoles were effectively cleaned-up using a simple cyclohexane defatting step. The assays were validated in accordance with the performance criteria described in 2002/657/EC. The BZT assay limit of detection was calculated to be 32 μg kg(-1), the detection capability (CCβ) was determined to be 50 μg kg(-1) and the mean recovery of analytes was in the range 77-132%. The amino-benzimidazole assay limit of detection was determined to be 41 μg kg(-1), the CCβ was determined to be 75 μg kg(-1) and analyte recovery was in the range 103-116%. Biosensor assay performance was tested by analysing liver tissue from animals treated with benzimidazole drugs and comparing the results with an ultra high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) confirmatory method. All non-compliant samples were identified using the biosensor assays., (Copyright © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2011
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29. Does coping mediate the relationship between personality and cardiovascular health in African Americans?

Author: Whitfield KE, Jonassaint C, Brandon D, Stanton MV, Sims R, Bennett G, Salva J, and Edwards CL
Subjects: Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Cardiovascular Diseases physiopathology, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Adaptation, Psychological physiology, Black or African American psychology, Cardiovascular Diseases psychology, Personality physiology
Abstract: Few studies have examined traits or behaviors that may predispose some African Americans to poor cardiovascular health outcomes. While several models of personality exist, the 5-factor model (FFM) is arguably the best representation of personality and provides a useful framework for the study of personality and health. Among personality characteristics associated with health risks among African Americans, a high-effort coping style called John Henryism is among the most thoroughly examined. It is not clear if personality coping and health are connected in a meaningful way. The present study utilized data from the Baltimore Study of Black Aging (BSBA) to examine whether personality was linked to John Henryism, how personality might be linked to cardiovascular health, and how John Henryism might mediate the relationship between personality and cardiovascular health. The sample consisted of 234 older African Americans (mean age, 67 years), 28% of which were men. Regressions were used to examine the questions. The results indicated that those who are more neurotic report more cardiovascular health problems, and that openness and conscientiousness were significant predictors of active coping. The mediation analysis results suggest that coping style did not mediate the relationship between personality and reports of cardiovascular health problems. These findings highlight the importance of personality in accounting for cardiovascular health in African Americans.
Published: 2010
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30. Benzimidazole carbamate residues in milk: Detection by Surface Plasmon Resonance-biosensor, using a modified QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe) method for extraction.

Author: Keegan J, Whelan M, Danaher M, Crooks S, Sayers R, Anastasio A, Elliott C, Brandon D, Furey A, and O'Kennedy R
Subjects: Animals, Anthelmintics chemistry, Anthelmintics isolation & purification, Antibodies immunology, Antibodies metabolism, Benzimidazoles chemistry, Benzimidazoles isolation & purification, Cattle, Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid, Sheep, Solid Phase Extraction, Tandem Mass Spectrometry, Anthelmintics analysis, Benzimidazoles analysis, Biosensing Techniques methods, Carbamates chemistry, Milk chemistry, Surface Plasmon Resonance methods
Abstract: A surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor screening assay was developed and validated to detect 11 benzimidazole carbamate (BZT) veterinary drug residues in milk. The polyclonal antibody used was raised in sheep against a methyl 5(6)-[(carboxypentyl)-thio]-2-benzimidazole carbamate protein conjugate. A sample preparation procedure was developed using a modified QuEChERS method. BZT residues were extracted from milk using liquid extraction/partition with a dispersive solid phase extraction clean-up step. The assay was validated in accordance with the performance criteria described in 2002/657/EC. The limit of detection of the assay was calculated from the analysis of 20 known negative milk samples to be 2.7mugkg(-1). The detection capability (CCbeta) of the assay was determined to be 5mugkg(-1) for 11 benzimidazole residues and the mean recovery of analytes was in the range 81-116%. A comparison was made between the SPR-biosensor and UPLC-MS/MS analyses of milk samples (n=26) taken from cows treated different benzimidazole products, demonstrating the SPR-biosensor assay to be fit for purpose.
Published: 2009
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31. Gastric bypass reduces biochemical cardiac risk factors.

Author: Williams DB, Hagedorn JC, Lawson EH, Galanko JA, Safadi BY, Curet MJ, and Morton JM
Subjects: Adult, Biomarkers blood, C-Reactive Protein analysis, Cardiovascular Diseases etiology, Cholesterol blood, Female, Glycated Hemoglobin, Hemoglobins analysis, Homocysteine blood, Humans, Lipoprotein(a) blood, Male, Obesity complications, Risk Factors, Triglycerides blood, Cardiovascular Diseases blood, Gastric Bypass, Obesity blood, Obesity surgery
Abstract: Background: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the leading cause of death in the United States, with obesity as a leading preventable risk factor for CAD. Certain biochemical markers have demonstrated strong prediction for cardiovascular events. We hypothesized that in addition to weight reduction, gastric bypass will also induce a salutary effect on the biochemical cardiac risk factors., Methods: At a single academic institution, from 2003 to 2004, we measured the biochemical cardiac risk factors in gastric bypass patients preoperatively and at 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively. These risk factors included total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, total cholesterol/HDL cholesterol ratio, triglyceride/HDL cholesterol ratio, triglycerides, lipoprotein A, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, and homocysteine. The data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon signed rank test., Results: The mean age of the 356 patients was 43 years; 84% were women; the mean body mass index was 47 kg/m(2); 33% were diabetic; 50% were hypertensive; 23% were taking lipid-lowering medications; and 2% had known CAD. Significant improvement occurred in the biochemical cardiac factors from preoperatively to 12 months. The beneficial changes were as follows: total cholesterol, 192 mg/dL preoperatively to 166 mg/dL at 12 months; HDL cholesterol, 46 mg/dL preoperatively to 54 mg/dL at 12 months; low-density lipoprotein, 125 mg/dL preoperatively to 88 mg/dL at 12 months; total cholesterol/HDL cholesterol ratio, 4 preoperatively to 3 at 12 months; triglyceride/HDL cholesterol ratio, 3 preoperatively to 2 at 12 months; triglycerides, 133 mg/dL preoperatively to 92 mg/dL at 12 months; lipoprotein A, 14 mg/dL preoperatively to 13 mg/dL at 12 months; high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, 8 mg/L preoperatively to 1 mg/L; and homocysteine, 10 mumol/L preoperatively to 8 mumol/L at 12 months., Conclusions: The results of our study have shown that gastric bypass significantly improves all biochemical markers of CAD risk, particularly C-reactive protein, which had an 80% reduction. As a result, gastric bypass decreases the cardiac risk by both weight loss and advantageous alterations of biochemical cardiac risk factors.
Published: 2007
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32. Low plasma levels of 2-hydroxyestrone are consistent with its rapid metabolic clearance.

Author: Kono S, Brandon D, Merriam GR, Loriaux DL, and Lipsett MB
Subjects: Adolescent, Adult, Cross Reactions, Female, Humans, Hydroxyestrones immunology, Male, Menstruation, Metabolic Clearance Rate, Pregnancy, Radioimmunoassay, Time Factors, Estrone analogs & derivatives, Hydroxyestrones blood
Abstract: Published plasma levels of the catechol estrogen 2-hydroxyestrone (2-OHE1) are comparable to those of estrone and estradiol. In light of the very high (40,000 L/d) metabolic clearance rate of 2-OHE1, these concentrations imply unreasonable production rates. We therefore re-examined plasma 2-OHE1 levels using a modified radioimmunoassay procedure. Plasma samples are extracted with ethyl acetate and passed over a short column of LH-20 Sephadex before equilibration with an antiserum directed against a 2-hydroxyestrone-17-(O-carboxymethyl)oxime-bovine serum albumin conjugate. Plasma 2-OHE1 concentrations are indistinguishable from blank (< 15 pg/ml) in men and non-pregnant women, but rise to approximately 200 pg/ml during pregnancy. These values for 2-OHE1 levels are consistent with the rapid metabolic clearance of this catechol estrogen.
Published: 1980
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33. Some vicinal dioximes as gravimetric reagents.

Author: Bark LS and Brandon D
Abstract: A series of 3,3-substituted indane-1,2-dionedioximes has been synthesized and their reactions with transition metals have been investigated. From the results obtained it is suggested that the selectivity of such dioximes, as gravimetric reagents, is not a function of the dioxime grouping but is due to metal-metal bonding in the complex.
Published: 1969
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34. Some aspects of the reactions between selenium-containing ligands and platinum group metals.

Author: Bark LS and Brandon D
Abstract: 2-(2-Pyridyl)benzo[b]selenophene has been investigated as a possible reagent for palladium. From a consideration of its reactions with diverse metal ions, and the probable structure of the complex formed between the compound and palladium(II) it is postulated that the group may be highly selective for palladium. From the experimental evidence it is suggested that the delocalization of the metal electron density by pi-bond formation between the palladium and selenium atoms is a major factor in determining the stability of the chelated complex.
Published: 1967
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34 results on '"D. Brandon"'

1. Lead geochemistry of sediments in Galveston Bay, Texas

2. Lead geochemistry of sediments in Galveston Bay, Texas

3. Contributors

4. Current Treatment of Achalasia

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6. CONTRIBUTORS

7. Tetanus Toxin

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9. NOSOCOMIAL PNEUMONIA

10. s-Process Os isotope enrichment in ureilites by planetary processing

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12. Current Treatment of Achalasia

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14. Tetanus Toxin

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16. NOSOCOMIAL PNEUMONIA

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18. Sex- and operation-dependent effects on 5-year weight loss results of bariatric surgery.

19. Relationship Between Maternal Emotional Distress and Early Dyadic Interactions During Hospitalization of Preterm Infants in Malawi.

20. Prevalence of thiamine deficiency is significant in patients undergoing primary bariatric surgery.

21. Effect of laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass versus laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy on fasting gastrointestinal and pancreatic peptide hormones: A prospective nonrandomized trial.

22. Maternal cultural practices for neonates' care in upper Egypt.

23. Relationship between mother-infant mutual dyadic responsiveness and premature infant development as measured by the Bayley III at 6 weeks corrected age.

24. Endoscopic management of erosion after banded bariatric procedures.

25. Non-inferiority of mammalian cell-derived quadrivalent subunit influenza virus vaccines compared to trivalent subunit influenza virus vaccines in healthy children: a phase III randomized, multicenter, double-blind clinical trial.

26. Effect of Maternal Body Mass Index on Infant Breastfeeding Behaviors and Exclusive Direct Breastfeeding.

27. Nurse perception of Bispectral Index monitoring as an adjunct to sedation scale assessment in the critically ill paediatric patient.

28. Detection of benzimidazole carbamates and amino metabolites in liver by surface plasmon resonance-biosensor.

29. Does coping mediate the relationship between personality and cardiovascular health in African Americans?

30. Benzimidazole carbamate residues in milk: Detection by Surface Plasmon Resonance-biosensor, using a modified QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe) method for extraction.

31. Gastric bypass reduces biochemical cardiac risk factors.

32. Low plasma levels of 2-hydroxyestrone are consistent with its rapid metabolic clearance.

33. Some vicinal dioximes as gravimetric reagents.

34. Some aspects of the reactions between selenium-containing ligands and platinum group metals.

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