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2. Kinetics of pepsin-induced hydrolysis and the coagulation of milk proteins

Author

Mengxiao Yang, Aiqian Ye, Zhi Yang, David W. Everett, Elliot Paul Gilbert, and Harjinder Singh

Subjects
pepsin, milk coagulation, rheology, microstructure, enzymatic hydrolysis kinetics, Dairy processing. Dairy products, SF250.5-275, Dairying, SF221-250
Abstract

ABSTRACT: Hydrolysis-induced coagulation of casein micelles by pepsin occurs during the digestion of milk. In this study, the effect of pH (6.7–5.3) and pepsin concentration (0.110–2.75 U/mL) on the hydrolysis of κ-casein and the coagulation of the casein micelles in bovine skim milk was investigated at 37°C using reverse-phase HPLC, oscillatory rheology, and confocal laser scanning microscopy. The hydrolysis of κ-casein followed a combined kinetic model of first-order hydrolysis and putative pepsin denaturation. The hydrolysis rate increased with increasing pepsin concentration at a given pH, was pH dependent, and reached a maximum at pH ∼6.0. Both the increase in pepsin concentration and decrease in pH resulted in a shorter coagulation time. The extent of κ-casein hydrolysis required for coagulation was independent of the pepsin concentration at a given pH and, because of the lower electrostatic repulsion between para-casein micelles at lower pH, decreased markedly from ∼73% to ∼33% when pH decreased from 6.3 to 5.3. In addition, the rheological properties and the microstructures of the coagulum were markedly affected by the pH and the pepsin concentration. The knowledge obtained from this study provides further understanding on the mechanism of milk coagulation, occurring at the initial stage of transiting into gastric conditions with high pH and low pepsin concentration.

Published
2022
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3. Cheese Microstructure 1

Author

David W. Everett and Mark A.E. Auty

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, 03 medical and health sciences, 030104 developmental biology, Chemistry, 0402 animal and dairy science, food and beverages, Ripening, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Food science, 040201 dairy & animal science, Flavor
Abstract

Cheese microstructure, flavor, quality, and microbial growth are intricately linked. It has been argued that cheese microstructure dictates development of enzymatic flavor reactions, appearance, texture, release of nutrients under digestive conditions, and the relative populations of microbial species. New developments in advanced physical analyses have provided new insights into cheese microstructure. Milk and cheese processing and ripening conditions have profound effects upon the textural quality of the cheese. The relative location of cheese structural components dictates digestibility and ultimately the release of key nutrients, clearly showing the importance of microstructure on cheese quality.

Published
2017

5. Contributors

Author

Roger K. Abrahamsen, Ylva Ardö, Sumit Arora, Mark A.E. Auty, Rodney J. Bennett, Tom P. Beresford, Walter Bisig, Pascal Bonnarme, Mette Dines Cantor, Alistair J. Carr, Felicia Ciocia, Timothy M. Cogan, Yvonne F. Collins, Monika Coton, Paul D. Cotter, Lawrence K. Creamer, Vaughan L. Crow, Eva-Maria Düsterhöft, Petr Dejmek, Conor M. Delahunty, Raffaella Di Cagno, Alan D.W. Dobson, Catherine W. Donnelly, Mary A. Drake, Wim Engels, David W. Everett, Colette C. Fagan, Nana Y. Farkye, Gerald F. Fitzgerald, Patrick F. Fox, Marie-Therese Fröhlich-Wyder, Balasubramanian Ganesan, John Gilles, Marco Gobbetti, Sally L. Gras, Dominik Guggisberg, Timothy P. Guinee, Tine Kronborg Hansen, A. Adnan Hayaloglu, Howard A. Heap, Sandra Helinck, Michael Hickey, Craig G. Honoré, David S. Horne, Thom Huppertz, Françoise Irlinger, Dennis J. D’Amico, Ernst Jakob, Jean Luc Jany, Doris Jaros, Keith A. Johnston, Kieran N. Jordan, Alan L. Kelly, Yogesh Khetra, Kieran N. Kilcawley, Sophie Landaud, Robert C. Lawrence, Andrew K. Legg, John A. Lucey, Abdallah A.A. Magboul, Jennifer Mahony, Maria J. Mateo, Jean-Louis Maubois, Olivia McAuliffe, Donald J. McMahon, Paul L.H. McSweeney, M. Medina, Vikram.V. Mistry, Jérôme Mounier, M.C. Abeijón Mukdsi, James Murphy, M. Nuñez, Nora M. O’Brien, Donal J. O’Callaghan, Thomas P. O’Connor, Orla O’Sullivan, Craig J. Oberg, Lydia Ong, Giorgio Ottogalli, Ram R. Panthi, Eugenio Parente, Ian B. Powell, Harald Rohm, Prabandha K. Samal, J.J. (Diarmuid) Sheehan, Siv Skeie, Henri E. Spinnler, Henry-Eric Spinnler, Anne Thierry, Meral Turgay, Therese Uniacke-Lowe, Vivek K. Upadhyay, Tatjana van den Tempel, Douwe van Sinderen, Daniel Wechsler, Bart C. Weimer, and Martin G. Wilkinson

Published
2017

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