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An epithelioid angiomyolipoma (a perivascular epithelioid cell tumor) is a rare mesenchymal neoplasm with distinctive cellular morphology and nonspecific imaging appearances. Mostly reported perivascular epithelioid cell tumors (PEComas) are benign; however, rarely, PEComas can be malignant with pulmonary, hepatic, nodal, and osseous metastases. We present a case of a 40-year-old man with malignant right submandibular salivary gland PEComa, metastasized to the bones, lungs, and liver. We are going to discuss the diagnosis and management options of the rare disease of metastatic PEComa of the submandibular salivary gland., (© 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of University of Washington.)

Fossil and renewable fuels are used by industrial units that produce energy-intensive products. Competitive fuel pricing encourages these fuel sources' usage globally, particularly in developing nations, which leads to large volumes of byproducts like fly ash among thermal power plant operators. The elements and compounds found in coal fly ash (CFA) and biomass fly ash (BFA) can be utilized through several engineering applications. This study aims to assess typical CFA and BFA samples quantitatively and qualitatively via techniques such as ultimate analysis (CH-S), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF) elemental analysis, and ash fusion temperature (AFT), to anticipate the ideal ratios of coal to biomass blends for combustion applications while adhering to environmental regulations. The optimal blend, consisting of 75 % CFA and 25 % BFA, exhibited improved carbon (C%) and hydrogen (H%) percentages, increasing from 2.5 % to 4.67 % and from 0 % to 0.12 %, respectively. These improvements were further confirmed by the observed functional groups in FTIR, indicating a rising trend in both carbon and hydroxyl groups from BFA to CFA. XRF and XRD also confirmed it and TGA also showed optimum mass loss (ML%) behavior of 14.55 % for 75CFA + 25BFA. According to slagging and fouling indices, the values of R B/A , R s , and F u indicate a reduction in slagging and fouling issues through the blending of CFA with BFA. Simultaneously, the fusion temperature increased from 1181 °C to 1207 °C. CFA was found to increase the AFT of the BFA from 1197 °C to 1247 °C, mitigating their propensity. This suggests that a blend of 75CFA + 25BFA results in lower to medium range of slagging and fouling. However, AFI and BAI indicate a slightly higher range. AFT analysis further validates the conclusions drawn from the indices. The ternary phase diagram shows that the ash's melting point increases in the optimum blend. This is attributed to a reduced content of K 2 O (<15 %) and increased proportions of >50 % CaO and SiO 2 , effectively inhibiting slagging, agglomeration, and deposition. Meanwhile, the blend maintains a medium level of acidity and susceptively to corrosion, as observed in the case of 75CFA + 25BFA. The identification of optimal blend ratios can be anticipated to offer essential solutions for future research, aiming to ensure smooth industrial operations and regulatory compliance in power plants., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

With the advancement in 3D bioprinting technology, cell culture methods can design 3D environments which are both, complex and physiologically relevant. The main component in 3D bioprinting, bioink, can be split into various categories depending on the criterion of categorization. Although the choice of bioink and bioprinting process will vary greatly depending on the application, general features such as material properties, biological interaction, gelation, and viscosity are always important to consider. The foundation of 3D bioprinting is the exact layer-by-layer implantation of biological elements, biochemicals, and living cells with the spatial control of the implantation of functional elements onto the biofabricated 3D structure. Three basic strategies underlie the 3D bioprinting process: autonomous self-assembly, micro tissue building blocks, and biomimicry or biomimetics. Tissue engineering can benefit from 3D bioprinting in many ways, but there are still numerous obstacles to overcome before functional tissues can be produced and used in clinical settings. A better comprehension of the physiological characteristics of bioink materials and a higher level of ability to reproduce the intricate biologically mimicked and physiologically relevant 3D structures would be a significant improvement for 3D bioprinting to overcome the limitations., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

3-D Bioprinting is employed as a novel approach in biofabrication to promote skin regeneration following chronic-wounds and injury. A novel bioink composed of carbohydrazide crosslinked {polyethylene oxide-co- Chitosan-co- poly(methylmethacrylic-acid)} (PEO-CS-PMMA) laden with Nicotinamide and human dermal fibroblast was successfully synthesized via Free radical-copolymerization at 73 °C. The developed bioink was characterized in term of swelling, structural-confirmation by solid state 13C-Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), morphology, thermal, 3-D Bioprinting via extrusion, rheological and interaction with DNA respectively. The predominant rate of gelation was attributed to the electrostatic interactions between cationic CS and anionic PMMA pendant groups. The morphology of developed bioink presented a porous architecture satisfying the cell and growth-factor viability across the barrier. The thermal analysis revealed two-step degradation with 85 % weight loss in term of decomposition and molecular changes in the bioink moieties By applying low pressure in the range of 25-50 kPa, the optimum reproducibility and printability were determined at 37 °C in the viscosity range of 500-550 Pa. s. A higher survival rate of 92 % was observed for (PEO-CS-PMMA) in comparison to 67 % for pure chitosan built bioink. A binding constant of K ≈ 1.8 × 10 6  M -1 recognized a thermodynamically stable interaction of (PEO-CS-PMMA) with the Salmon-DNA. Further, the addition of PEO (5.0 %) was addressed with better self-healing and printability to produce skin-tissue constructs to replace the infected skin in human., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

The iron metal-organic framework composite with chitosan (CS/MOF-235) was synthesized using a solvothermal method and its synthesis was confirmed by surface area, PZC, XRD, FESEM, XPS, TGA, TEM, EDX mapping and EDX analysis. The chitosan composite of the iron metal-organic framework (CS/MOF-235), MOF-235 and chitosan were used for the removal of methylene blue (MB) and methyl orange (MO) from aqueous solutions. The maximum adsorption capacities were found to be 2857-2326 mg/g for CS/MOF-235, 357 - 236 mg/g for MOF-235 and 209-171 mg/g for chitosan (CS) which reveal that the adsorption capacity of CS/MOF-235 is almost 8 and 14 times greater than MOF-235 and chitosan respectively. The adsorption selectivity of the (CS/MOF-235) towards the dye was in the order MO > MB. Moreover, hydrogen bonding, pi-pi bonding, pore-filling, electrostatic interactions and chemisorption were proposed as possible mechanisms for the removal of dyes onto CS/MOF-235. The intraparticle diffusion and Richenberg models confirmed that the adsorption process was jointly controlled by the pore and film diffusion. The negative values of the isosteric heat of adsorption (ΔH¯) fall with surface coverage indicating that a lesser amount of heat is required for the greater uptake of dyes., (Copyright © 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

In the presence of Fe 3 O 4 nano-fibers, we prepared SiO 2 -Zn@Fe 2 O 3 hybrid Nano-fibers through a novel and simple one-pot redox reaction between ZnSO 4 & SiO 2 . The Fe 3 O 4 exterior nano-fibers would be homogenously covered by SiO 2 coating to arrange a distinctive core-shell construction and then Zn nanoparticles are intercalated in the covering of SiO 2 . The synthesized nanofibers were tested for photodegradation of methylene blue (MB). The result showed that 99 % MB was degraded in 60 min. Furthermore, the antibacterial potential of SiO 2 -Zn@Fe 2 O 3 nanofibers was tested against E. coli and S. aureus bacteria both in light and dark. The impact of different analysis such as Reactive oxygen species (ROS) analysis, irradiation effect on bacterial inhibition, concentration effect of SiO 2 -Zn@Fe 2 O 3 nanofibers and reduction of DPPH studied. The findings clearly demonstrate that ROS is produced in the presence of SiO 2 -Zn@Fe 2 O 3 nanofibers in bacterial cells and is responsible for their inhibition. Findings have shown that synthesized nanostructures can also increase the stability of DPPH radicals with increasing concentrations of nanomaterials, making them a strong candidate for DPPH reduction. The overall results show that the efficacy of SiO 2 -Zn@Fe 2 O 3 nanofibers for inhibition was more pronounced than that of individual iron oxides., (Copyright © 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

A cost-effective and sustainable Calligonum polygonoides biomass based activated carbon (AC) was synthesized. The prepared AC was utilized in the fabrication of carbon-alginate beads for the adsorption of methylene blue (MB) textile dye from aqueous solution. The surface morphology, surface functional groups, elemental analysis and thermal behavior of the prepared beads were investigated using different analytical techniques. Batch adsorption experiments were performed to investigate the adsorption capacity of the beads. Effect of different parameters such as initial pH of MB solution, dose of adsorbent, contact time, initial concentration of MB and temperature were evaluated. The kinetic studies identified pseudo-second order model. Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models were applied and fitted to the experimental equilibrium data. The beads showed a maximum adsorption capacity of 769 mg/g in basic pH at 30 °C while using 400 mg·L -1 of MB solution. The adsorption process was found to be endothermic and spontaneous as confirmed by the thermodynamic data. The fabricated beads were subjected to recycling which exhibited same adsorption efficiency after six regeneration cycles. The results showed that the AC-alginate beads impregnated with SDS have high adsorption capability and would be used for the efficient removal of cationic dyes from wastewater., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest We wish to confirm that there is no conflict of interest associated with this publication., (Copyright © 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Ticks and tick-borne pathogens are one of the major threats to livestock production worldwide. The aim of present study is to specify the molecular epidemiology and its associated risk factors of two well-distributed tick-borne pathogens Anaplasma marginale and Theileria annulata in cattle population from North-western Pakistan. Blood samples were Collected from 60 (32.6 %) local breed cattle, 101 (54.9 %) from crossbreed, and 24 (13.0 %) from exotic breed with total of 184 blood samples. Species-specific PCR assays were performed to detect the presence of A. marginale and T. annulata based on 16S rRNA and 18S rRNA genetic makers respectively. PCR results showed that A. marginale was 16.3 % prevalent and T. annulata was 29.9 % prevalent in the study area with a total prevalence rate of 46.2 % (85/184) of the tested blood samples. District wise analysis revealed that both pathogens were highly prevalent in district Dir Upper (13.6 %) and least prevalent in district Chitral (10.3 %). Univariable analysis of risk factors showed that only breed and acaricidal treatment were significant determinants (P < 0.05) for A. marginale infection, however, in case of T. annulata infection; breed, age, gender, grazing practice, and acaricidal treatment were potential determinants (P < 0.05). Multivariable analysis specified that breed and acaricidal treatment were considered as significant risk factors for A. marginale infection (P < 0.05) whereas acaricidal treatment was found to be a significant determinant for T. annulata infection (P < 0.05). Phylogenetic analysis indicated that A. marginale 16S rRNA and T. annulata 18S rRNA isolates showed similarities and shared phylogeny with same isolates reported from Asia. This is the first molecular report on the epidemiology and risk factors analysis of A. marginale and T. annulata infections in cattle population from NW Pakistan. Further large scale study is required to investigate molecular, epidemiological and genotypic aspects as well as potential risk factors analysis from the country to facilitate designing strategies to control tick-borne pathogen and reduce losses to cattle industry., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no competing conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Background: Many women are affected by anxiety and depression after armed conflict in low-income and middle-income countries, yet few scalable options for their mental health care exist. We aimed to establish the effectiveness of a brief group psychological intervention for women in a conflict-affected setting in rural Swat, Pakistan., Methods: In a single-blind, cluster, randomised, controlled trial, 34 community clusters in two union councils of rural Swat, Pakistan, were randomised using block permutation at a 1:1 ratio to intervention (group intervention with five sessions incorporating behavioural strategies facilitated by non-specialists) or control (enhanced usual care) groups. Researchers responsible for identifying participants, obtaining consent, enrolment, and outcome assessments were masked to allocation. A community cluster was defined as neighbourhood of about 150 households covered by a lady health worker. Women aged 18-60 years who provided written informed consent, resided in the participating cluster catchment areas, scored at least 3 on the General Health Questionnaire-12, and at least 17 on the WHO Disability Assessment Schedule were recruited. The primary outcome, combined anxiety and depression symptoms, was measured 3 months after the intervention with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Modified intention-to-treat analyses were done using mixed models adjusted for covariates and clusters defined a priori. The trial is registered with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry, number 12616000037404, and is now closed to new participants., Findings: From 34 eligible community clusters, 306 women in the intervention group and 306 women in the enhanced usual care (EUC) group were enrolled between Jan 11, 2016, and Aug 21, 2016, and the results of 288 (94%) of 306 women in the intervention group and 290 (95%) of 306 women in the EUC group were included in the primary endpoint analysis. At 3 months, women in the intervention group had significantly lower mean total scores on the HADS than women in the control group (10·01 [SD 7·54] vs 14·75 [8·11]; adjusted mean difference [AMD] -4·53, 95% CI -7·13 to -1·92; p=0·0007). Individual HADS anxiety scores were also significantly lower in the intervention group than in the control group (5·43 [SD 4·18] vs 8·02 [4·69]; AMD -2·52, 95% CI -4·04 to -1·01), as were depression scores (4·59 [3·87] vs 6·73 [3·91]; AMD -2·04, -3·19 to -0·88). No adverse events were reported in either group., Interpretation: Our group psychological intervention resulted in clinically significant reductions in anxiety and depressive symptoms at 3 months, and might be a feasible and effective option for women with psychological distress in rural post-conflict settings., Funding: WHO through a grant from the Office for Foreign Disaster Assistance., (Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

This study focuses on enrichment, spatial distribution, potential ecological risk index (PERI) and human health risk of various toxic metals taken via soil and surface water in the vicinity of Sewakht mines, Pakistan. The samples of soils (n = 54) of different fields and surface water (n = 38) were analyzed for toxic metals including cadmium (Cd), cobalt (Co), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), lead (Pb), nickel (Ni), zinc (Zn) and molybdenum (Mo). Soil pollution level was evaluated using pollution indices including geo-accumulation index (Igeo), contamination factor (CF), degree of contamination (CD), enrichment factor (EF) and PERI. CF showed moderate contamination of soil with Cd, Co, Fe and Mo, while Igeo values indicated moderate accumulation of Cu. For Cd, EF> 1.5 was found in agricultural soils of the study area. PERI findings presented a very high ecological risk (PERI > 380) at two sites (4%), considerable ecological risk at four sites (7.4%). Non-carcinogenic risk from exposure to Fe in soil was higher than limit (HI > 1) for both children and adults. Moreover, carcinogenic risk postured by soil contaminants i.e. Cd, Cr, Co and Ni in children was higher than their limits (except Pb), while in adults only Co posed higher risk of cancer than the limit (10 -4 ) through soil exposure. Non-carcinogenic risks in children due to Cd, Co, Mo via surface water intake were higher than their safe limits (HQ > 1), while in adults the risk order was Cr > Cd > Cu > Pb > Co > Mo. Moreover, carcinogenic risk exposure due to Co > Cd > Cr > Ni from surface water (except Pb) was higher than the tolerable limit (1 × 10 -4 ) both for children and adults. However, Pb concentrations in both soil and surface water exposure were not likely to cause cancer risk in the local population., (Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)