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Objective: To characterize and compare the topographic profile of choroid in eyes after acute primary angle-closure (APAC) and in normal controls., Design, Setting, and Participants: A prospective observational study was conducted. Forty-four consecutive patients who had experienced unilateral APAC that was resolved by treatment were recruited. Seventy age- and sex-matched normal individuals were recruited as controls., Methods: Enhanced depth imaging-optical coherence tomography was used to measure choroidal thickness (CT) in 9 diffuse locations of macular region. The average CT was compared among each location in the APAC and control groups and between the same locations in the 2 groups., Results: Variants of CT at different macular locations were found in both groups; it was greatest at subfoveal locations and spread thinner around them, to reach a significant decrease (all p ≤ 0.05) 3 mm away in all directions from the fovea except for the superior direction in normal controls (p = 0.472). Among the 4 directions, the superior had the thickest CT in both groups, followed by the temporal, inferior, and nasal directions in both groups, whereas the APAC had a thicker choroid profile at each location (all p < 0.05). Univariate analysis showed that age, sex, anterior chamber depth, axial length, and spherical equivalent were all associated with the subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) (all p < 0.1). Multivariable linear regression analysis showed that the SFCT was significantly thicker in association with an APAC diagnosis, shorter axial length, greater spherical equivalent refractive error, and younger female subjects (all p ≤ 0.05)., Conclusions: APAC eyes have a thicker choroid than normal eyes in the macular region, and the increase in CT in APAC eyes follows topographic distribution as in normal control eyes., (Copyright © 2016 Canadian Ophthalmological Society. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Objective: To investigate the changes of retinal oxygen saturation (Sat O2) concentrations, choroidal thickness (CT), and retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) in eyes with trabeculectomy-required acute primary angle closure (APAC)., Design: Prospective, longitudinal study., Participants: Twenty-three eyes with trabeculectomy-required APAC were recruited., Methods: Retinal oximetry was performed at postoperative day one and again at approximately 1 month. CT and the RNFL were tested on the same day. A paired t test and Pearson correlation were used for analysis., Results: Mean Sat O2 increased in retinal arterioles from 88.74% ± 14.36% at postoperative day 1 to 96.61% ± 18.42% at 1 month (p = 0.049). The mean diameter of the arterioles was statistically different between postoperative day 1 and 1 month (p = 0.044), as was the mean diameter of the venules (p = 0.027). APAC eyes at postoperative 1 month had a thinner mean CT, compared with day 1 (p = 0.002). No significant difference was found in the RNFL between postoperative day 1 and 1 month (p > 0.05). The Sat O2 in retinal arterioles correlated with the mean diameter of the arterioles at postoperative day 1 (r = -0.482, p = 0.020) and at 1 month (r = -0.463, p = 0.026). No significant correlation was found between retinal Sat O2 and other parameters., Conclusions: Increased Sat O2 in retinal arterioles, changed vessel diameter, and thinner CT from postoperative day 1 to 1 month suggest gradual recovery from APAC. However, the different pathophysiologies for APAC still need further study to prove., (Copyright © 2015 Canadian Ophthalmological Society. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Objective: To evaluate the long-term outcomes of three surgical procedures for the treatment of primary congenital glaucoma (PCG)., Introduction: PCG is one of the main causes of blindness in children. There is a paucity of contemporary data on PCG in China., Methods: A retrospective study of 48 patients (81 eyes) with PCG who underwent primary trabeculectomy, trabeculotomy, or combined trabeculotomy and trabeculectomy (CTT)., Results: All patients were less than 4 years (yrs) of age, with a mean age of 2.08 +/- 1.23 yrs. The mean duration of follow-up was 5.49 +/- 3.09 yrs. The difference in success rates among the three surgical procedures at 1, 3, 6 and 9 yrs was not statistically significant (p = 0.492). However, in patients with over 4 yrs of follow-up, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis revealed that the success rates of trabeculectomy and CTT declined more slowly than that of trabeculotomy. Among the patients, 66.22% acquired good vision (VA > 0.4), 17.57% acquired fair vision (VA = 0.1 - 0.3), and 16.22% acquired poor vision (VA < 0.1). The patients with good vision were mostly in the successful surgery group. Myopia was more prevalent postoperatively (p = 0.009). Reductions in the cup-disc ratio and corneal diameter were only seen in the successful surgery group (p = 0.000). In addition, the successful surgery group contained more patients that complied with a regular follow-up routine (p = 0.002)., Discussion: Our cases were all primary surgeries. Primary trabeculectomy was performed in many cases because no treatment was sought until an advanced stage of disease had been reached., Conclusions: In contrast to most reports, in the present study, trabeculectomy and CTT achieved higher long-term success rates than trabeculotomy. The patients with successful surgical results had better vision. Compliance with a routine of regular follow-up may increase the chances of a successful surgical outcome.