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The addition of essential oil (EO) as chitosan encapsulated can increase the efficiency of these oils in broiler feeding. Therefore, the objective of the current research was to explore the antibacterial and antioxidant potential of garlic essential oil (GEO) (free vs. nanoencapsulated) and their effects on performance, gene expression of mucin2, microbial, and morphology of intestine in broilers. A total of 900 1-day-old male broilers (Ross 308) were assigned to six dietary treatments (0, 100, and 200 mg/kg free GEO and 0 (contain of chitosan), 100 and 200 mg/kg nanoencapsulated GEO) with a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement based on completely randomized design. Garlic essential oil encapsulation with chitosan significantly enhanced antibacterial and antioxidant parameters. At 100 mg/kg nanoencapsulated GEO had significant (P < 0.01) advantages in improving BW gain (BWG) (22-42 and 0-42) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) (0-42). Maximum feed intake (FI) was also associated with the control group (P < 0.05). Broilers fed on 100 mg/kg of nanoencapsulated GEO showed higher villi length and width relative to other treatments and villi length to crypt depth ratio as well (P < 0.01). The nanoencapsulation process of GEO (P < 0.01) affected the Lactobacilli population in the digesta of ileo-caecum and mucin2 gene expression. In broiler chickens, the tested EO, especially nanoencapsulated type, enhanced more evaluated parameters. Because of its ideal properties, nanoencasulating with chitosan may also be an effective and inexpensive way to protect bioactive compounds and improve GEO effects in broiler chickens., (Copyright © 2020. Published by Elsevier B.V.)

The effects of essential oil (EO) of oregano and chitosan on the microbial quality and growth inhibition of Listeria monocytogenes and Escherichia coli O157:H7 in the Iranian traditional ready-to-barbecue chicken was evaluated. Thus, three groups of samples were prepared. One of them was considered to evaluate for aerobic plate count (APC), lactic acid bacteria (LAB), psychrophilic and enterobacteriacae counts and the other two groups were inoculated with E. coli O157:H7 and L. monocytogenes 4b to investigate the effect of oregano EO and chitosan on pathogenic bacteria. All groups were stored at 3, 8 and 20°C. Oregano showed antibacterial effects against APC, LAB, psychrophilics, enterobacteriacae and E. coli O157:H7, whereas, such an effect was not observed against L. monocytogenes. Chitosan individually did not show an inhibitory effect on the spoilage-inducing bacteria and E. coli, but was effective against L. monocytogenes. Using chitosan and oregano EO in combination can reduce the number of spoilage and safety indicators and also the two food-borne pathogens in ready-to-barbecue chicken meat., (Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Selenium compounds play a major role in Biology, where they are often associated with pronounced antioxidant activity or toxicity. Whilst most selenium compounds are not necessarily hazardous, their often selective cytotoxicity is interesting from a biochemical and pharmaceutical perspective. We have synthesized a series of amphiphilic molecules which combine a hydrophilic seleninic acid head group - which at the same time serves as thiol-specific warhead - with a hydrophobic tail. These molecules possess a surface activity similar to the one of SDS, yet their biological activity seems to exceed by far the one of a simple surfactant (e.g. SDS) or seleninic acid (e.g. phenyl seleninic acid). Such compounds effectively haemolyse Red Blood Cells and exhibit pronounced activity against Saccharomyces cerevisiae. From a chemical perspective, the seleninic warheads are likely to attack crucial cysteine proteins of the cellular thiolstat., (Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)