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Existence of fungi and disinfection by-products (DBPs) in public swimming pools water are dangerous since it can seriously affect on health of swimmers. This data study aimed to determine the fungi contamination and DBPs concentration including trihalomethanes (THMs), haloacetic acids (HAAs), halamines and cyanogen halides and haloacetonitriles (HANs) of swimming pools (chlorine based) in Gonabad County, Iran. So, the fungal load and DBPs concentration were investigated in two swimming pools in the middle of spring of 2017 by collecting a number of 9 water samples and 9 samples of lateral facilities of each pool by membrane filtration technique and sterile carpet. The DBPs concentrations were measured by gas chromatograph technique. The results showed that the pools were contaminated with Dermatophyte (trichophyton mentagrophytes and epidermophyton flucosomes), yeasts, and more with opportunistic saprophytic fungi. 24.8%, 22.7%, 16.9%, and 11.4% saprophytic fungi were separated from pool side, locker room, pool water, and shower positions, respectively. 7.4% and 3.2% of yeast fungi as well as 0.23% and 0.2% of dentofacies of causative agents of tinea were separated from the pools water and showers as well as locker room and shower positions, respectively. According to the data, halamines and cyanogen halides had the highest concentrations, followed by HAAs, THMs and HANs respectively. Among the halamines and cyanogen halides, HAAs, THMs and HANs, trichloramine acid was the most dominant species, followed by trichloroacetic acid and dichloramine, respectively. Keywords: Swimming pools, Disinfection, Fungi contamination, DBPs, HAAs, THMs, HANs

Keratinophilic fungi are saprophytic fungi that play an important role in the degradation of highly stable keratin waste. Besides their keratinolytic nature, keratinophilic fungi and dermatophytes also cause cutaneous infection of keratinous tissues such as skin, hair, and nails. Keratinophilic fungi are geophilic, zoophilic, and anthropophilic. The geophilic fungi are saprophytic, and mostly they are nonpathogenic. The zoophilic and anthropophilic fungi cause severe infections in animals and humans. Most of the mycotic diseases are caused by species of the Trichophyton, Microsporum, and Epidermophyton genera. This chapter explains the biology of keratinophilic fungi as well as their ecology, culture condition requirements, pathogenicity, and treatment of infections caused by pathogens. It also highlights the importance of natural antifungal drugs in place of commercially available drugs for their safe and effective treatment. This chapter is an attempt to explore the advancement of available antifungal medicines prepared from medicinal plants and their secondary metabolites.

Dermatophytoses, also known as tinea or ringworm, are superficial infections caused by a group of fungi, the dermatophytes, affecting skin, nail, hair, and wet areas of the body. Microsporum, Trichophyton and Epidermophyton are the three genera classified as dermatophytes. Balanites aegyptiaca, the “Desert date”, is an important medicinal plant. It is a spiny shrub or short tree with sweet fruits, stone-like seeds, and oily kernels. Various parts of this plant are used in treating many diseases in humans, especially skin disease, jaundice, intestinal worm infection, wounds, malaria, epilepsy, dysentery, hemorrhoid, stomachaches, and asthma. In the present study, different parts of the plant, viz. the aerial part, fruit pulp, epicarp, and kernel portions were separated and shade dried, and extracts of these portions were prepared using the Soxhlet apparatus. The antidermatophytic activity on M.gypseum and T.rubrum was tested using the poison food technique with five different concentrations (1,2,3,4,5 mg/ml) of each extract. The in vitro results were compared with the standard drug Ketaconazole used to treat dermatophytosis. From the results of the present study, the methanol extract of the pulp portion was found to inhibit the growth of M.gypseum and T.rubrum completely from the concentration of 3 mg/ml onwards. LC-MS was performed for fruit pulp, and the identified compounds were docked with the proteins involved in ergosterol biosynthesis, protein synthesis, and the cell wall of the pathogen, and compared with the specific drugs using Glide module of Schrödinger. Cyanidin-3-O-rhamnoside, Taurocholic acid, PRZ-M382, Papaverine and Mebeverine gave better interactions and dock score than the drug, and are available in the fruit mesocarp, which is edible. This study reveals that the active compounds from the fruit pulp of Balanites aegyptiaca may have potential activity against the growth of dermatophytes, and the edible part may be validated in vivo. Keywords: Dermatophyte, Balanites aegyptiaca, Microsporum gypseum, Trichophyton rubrum, docking, IFD

Article de synthese des donnees recentes sur: la composition en lipides, le metabolisme et les enzymes du metabolisme des lipides, l'importance des differents constituants lipidiques dans l'organisation et la permeabilite de la membrane plasmique, l'effet des antifongiques sur les lipides, chez les dermatophytes