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Fasciolosis is a widely distributed zoonosis reported over 81 countries around the world. Good and early diagnostic method is critical in controlling this disease and prevention of injury to the liver and bile ducts. In this study, we identified a novel member (cathepsin L7) of cathepsin family from Fasciola spp.. Firstly, the biological character of CL7 was analyzed according to the information of cathepsin L family, and then rCL7 was expressed and purified, a new iELISA based on CL7 was developed. The results exhibited CL7 iELISA had 100% sensitivity 100% specificity in sheep (cut-off 1.329) and 100% sensitivity 93.75% specificity in cattle (cut-off 0.756). Moreover, anti-Fasciola CL7 antibodies could be detected in early Fasciola gigantica infected buffaloes, as early as 3 week-post-infection (WPI). In conclusion, it is suggested that CL7 with low cost, early detection, good specificity and sensitivity could be used as a candidate antigen for detection of ruminant fasciolosis., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare no conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023. Published by Elsevier B.V.)

Fasciolosis is a zoonotic disease as 600 million animals have been infected, and 180 million people are at risk of the infection in the world. Snail as the intermediate host of Fasciola is an essential and important factor in the transmission of fasciolosis, while its potential risk for transmission has not been studied. In this study, 3561 snails collected from large-scale regions of China were examined by nest-PCR method. A total of 345 snails were positive for Fasciola spp., with an overall prevalence of 9.7%. Prevalence in central and southern China, characterized by a subtropical monsoon climate, was relatively low (8.0%), while a high infection rate (36.9%) was found on the plateau area (altitude > 500 m). In combination with previous findings, the study showed a highly positive correlation between snails and animal infection in central and eastern China, thus indicating that infected snails could be an indispensable risk factor for fasciolosis transmission. Epidemiological surveillance of snails will help assess the risk of fasciolosis in humans or ruminants, which promotes future prevention of this zoonotic disease., (Copyright © 2022. Published by Elsevier B.V.)

Five new naturally occurring natural products, including two atisine-type diterpene alkaloids (1 and 2), two atisane-type diterpenes (3 and 4), and a new natural product spiramine C2 (5), along with nine known ones (6-14), were isolated from the ethanolic extracts of the whole plant of Spiraea japonica var. acuminata Franch. Their structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analysis. The anti-tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) activities of all the compounds were evaluated by the conventional half-leaf method. Six compounds (2, 3, 6, 7, 11, and 12) exhibited moderate activities at 100 μg/mL with inhibition rates in the range of 69.4-92.9%, which were higher than that of the positive control, ningnanmycin. Their preliminary structure-activity relationships were also discussed., (Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Five new compounds (1-5), including three limonoids, one diterpenoid, and one phytosterol, along with four known limonoids (6-9), were isolated from the ethanolic extracts of whole plants of Munronia henryi. Their structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analysis. In addition, the anti-tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) activities of all the isolated compounds were evaluated by the conventional half-leaf and leaf-disk methods along with Western blot analysis. Most of the tested compounds showed strong antiviral activities, with IC50 values in the range of 14.8-34.0μg/mL, compared with ningnanmycin as a positive control (IC50=44.6μg/mL), and their preliminary structure-activity relationships were also discussed., (Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)