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Background: To date, there has been very limited experimental research on the impact of Yoga on older adults' mental health during the COVID-19 crisis. We aimed to explore the effect of a web-based Hatha yoga program on psychological and quality of sleep in older adults who self-isolated at home during the initial stage of the COVID-19 outbreak., Methods: Two hundred volunteers of both sexes were split into experimental (Yoga group, YG) and control (Control group, CG) groups, in a web-based randomized controlled study. All participants were administered the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scales (DASS-21) and the Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI); at baseline and following an eight-week online Hatha yoga intervention., Results: The YG showed significant reductions in depression (-56.1%; Z = 5.67, p < 0.01, r = 0.70) anxiety (-64.3%; Z = 5.27, p < 0.01, r = 0.65) and stress (-68.2%; Z = 5.86, r = 0.73) scores, while the CG showed a significant increase in depression. In addition, the total PSQI score of the YG was considerably lower during follow-up (3.38 ± 2.02, p < 0.05) than at baseline (4.8 ± 32, p < 0.05), which indicates an improvement of the quality of sleep. The proportion of individuals experiencing good sleep from the YG increased from 63% to 85% after the Hatha yoga intervention., Conclusion: The use of a web-based Hatha Yoga intervention program was associated with a beneficial effect on the mental health and quality of sleep in older adults., (Copyright © 2022. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)

Background: Considerable effort has been devoted to elucidating correlates of psychopathy in males, but only few researchers have turned their attention to this field in female counterparts, with most of the research in this field having been driven from western countries. We aimed to explore psychopathic traits, impulsiveness and psychiatric symptoms that characterize a Tunisian female prison population., Method: Data were collected in a cross-sectional design during September 2017. The sample was comprised of 100 adult females who were incarcerated at the "Manouba Women's Prison" at the time of the survey. The Levenson Self-Report Psychopathy Scale, the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale, and The Brief Symptom Inventory were used., Results: In the univariate analysis, socioeconomic level (p = .001), tobacco use (p = .001), poly drug use (p = .014) and physically aggressive behaviors in the 6 months before incarceration (p = .043) were significantly associated with psychopathy total scores. After multivariable adjustment, motor impulsiveness (β = 0.426, p < .01) and phobic anxiety (β = 0.284, p < .05) contributed significantly to the variance of psychopathy total scores., Conclusion: The current findings not only add to the growing body of literature on female psychopathy, but also help inform decision making about mental health-related programs and policies in female prison settings in underdeveloped and underrepresented countries similar to our sociocultural context., (Copyright © 2021 Elsevier Ltd and Faculty of Forensic and Legal Medicine. All rights reserved.)

Background: Many studies have established a correlation between the increase of homicide rates, and economic crises and rapid social changes following historical events. We propose to analyse the impact of the Tunisian Revolution on homicide rates in Tunisia in a clinical population., Methods: We conducted a retrospective comparative study of all individuals who commited an homicide and were admitted, at least once, to the forensic psychiatry unit in Razi Hospital between January 1st, 2004 and December 31st, 2018 after a decision of irresponsibility by reason of insanity., Results: The number of homicides committed by the individuals with mental illness included in our study was multiplied by a factor of 1.3 after the revolution, with a prevalence of 11.0% between 2004 and 2011, compared to a prevalence of 14.7% during the period 2011-2018. No significant difference was noted between the two groups regarding the socio-demographic characteristics or the characteristics of the act committed., Conclusion: Our results highlighted that political and socio-economic crises following the Tunisian revolution significantly contributed to an increase of homicide rates in people with severe mental illness. Thus, macro-level socioeconomic determinants would be important to consider in homicide prevention strategies., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest All authors declare no conflict of interest in this manuscript., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Aim: Depression is prevalent in patients with type 2 diabetes. It may have a negative impact on the management of diabetes mellitus and could affect weight. The main aim of the investigation was to evaluate the effect of antidepressant treatment (sertraline) on anthropometric variables and glycemic control in depressed type 2 diabetic patients., Methods: Thirty three type 2 diabetic outpatients depressed received open-label sertraline therapy for up to 12 weeks. Clinical outcome measures included the 17-item Hamilton depression rating. Changes in the anthropometrics variables were evaluated by measuring weight, waist circumference and by calculating body mass index at three, six and 12 weeks of treatment. In addition, fasting, postprandial plasma glucose level, glycosylated hemoglobin-A 1C measures, lipid and renal profile were obtained before and during sertraline therapy., Results: Weight decreased significantly (-2kg; p=0.000) and body mass index decreased from 30.41kg/m 2 to 29.6kg/m 2 (p=0.000). Patients lost on average seven centimeters in waist circumference (p=0.000). We also observed a modest, non-significant reduction in fasting, postprandial and glycosylated hemoglobin. We observed a significant reduction in mean score according to the Hamilton depression scale (p=0.000) CONCLUSION: Our study results suggested that sertraline produced a benefic effect on weight, body mass index and waist circumference at 12-week follow up., (Copyright © 2018 Primary Care Diabetes Europe. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Background: Neurosurgical brain interventions may result in lesions that can cause epilepsy. Diagnosis may be delayed in some situations. Meanwhile, violent behavior can occur during postictal delirium states. Although benign behavioral manifestations are well documented in literature, violent offenses in post-neurosurgical epilepsy have been rarely reported. Here we describe 2 such cases, focusing on management and emphasizing the need for prevention., Case Description: Both patients were suffering from post-neurosurgical epilepsy and offended during postictal delirium states. The first patient had generalized epilepsy and committed an attempted rape. The second patient had temporal lobe epilepsy and committed an attempted homicide. Both patients were well managed using anticonvulsant medication after the offenses., Conclusions: Early diagnosis and regular follow-up are measures to take into consideration to prevent violent behavior in patients with post-neurosurgical epilepsy., (Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Introduction: Schizophrenia increases the risk of offending. Recidivism rates are significant. Literature doesn't provide recidivism risk factors specific to patients with schizophrenia independently of the offenses' types., Objective: Identifying recidivism risk factors in schizophrenia patients independently of the offenses' types., Methods: We conducted a case-control study. All included patients were admitted, at least once, to the forensic psychiatry unit in Razi Hospital between January 1st, 1985 and December 31st, 2014 after a decision of irresponsibility by reason of insanity. All those who reoffended during this period were considered as cases. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify recidivism risk factors., Results: We included 25 cases and 38 controls. Eight recidivism risk factors were identified. Living in poor urban neighborhoods (P = 0.023; OR = 4.86), having been unemployed (P = 0.042; OR = 2.18) and not having lived with the family (P = 0.039; OR = 1.36) after discharge were considered as risk factors. The same applied to alcohol (P = 0.026; OR = 4.89) and cannabis use disorders (P = 0.018; OR = 6.01). A hospitalization shorter than 6 months multiplied the risk by 1.79 (P = 0.046). A combination of conventional antipsychotics (P = 0.023; OR = 4.81) and a poor adherence to treatment (P = 0.001; OR = 10.42) were considered as recidivism risk factors too., Conclusions: All eight recidivism risk factors are dynamic. This makes recidivism prevention conceivable. Measures involving the patient, the health care system, patients' families, society and the government should be undertaken., (Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Background: Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), also known as Von Recklinghausen disease, is one of the most frequent human genetic diseases, with a prevalence of one case in 3000 births, an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance, and a high rate of new mutations. NF1 has markedly variable clinical expression, with manifestations ranging from mild lesions to several complications and functional impairment. The complications are age-specific. Psychiatric disorders are more frequent in NF1 than in the general population, especially in children. They include dysthymia, depressive mood, anxiety, and personality disorders. Bipolar mood disorders or schizophrenia are rather rare. The majority of studies have focused on physical health and neurocognitive function in NF1, whereas psychiatric disorders associated with this disease remain unclear and poorly documented. This report is based on a clinical case and discusses the relationship between neurofibromatosis type 1 and psychiatric disorders, particularly anxiety disorders., Presentation of Case: This case concerns a 13-year-old girl, the first child of healthy and non-consanguineous parents. The patient's history showed normal psychomotor and psychoaffective development. Her father and paternal grandmother had isolated café-au-lait spots. In June 2013, a subcutaneous mass appeared in her right thigh. She consulted a neurologist and was explored. The physical examination revealed signs of NF1. She had café-au-lait spots on the trunk and extremities, and a neurofibroma in the right thigh. Bilateral ophthalmic examination revealed multiple Lish nodules. After 1 month, a psychiatric consultation was requested for sad mood and night terrors. Obsessive compulsive disorder and generalized anxiety disorder were diagnosed according to the criteria of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition., Conclusions: The current psychiatric literature does not provide full explanations of anxiety symptoms associated with NF1. Some authors have tried to explain the link between NF1 and psychiatric disorders, and several etiopathogenic hypotheses have been discussed. In our case, a concomitant diagnosis of NF1 and anxiety disorders was made at the age of 13. However, anxiety symptoms started to appear before age 4; they increased gradually and occupied the foreground. This would strengthen the hypothesis of genetic determinism in NF1 patients. The question that arises is: is it a fortuitous association of psychiatric disorders and NF1 or are they psychiatric manifestations induced by a multisystem disease? More detailed investigations are necessary to clarify the etiopathogenic and psychopathological mechanisms that would cause psychiatric comorbidity associated with NF1., (Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)